Useful to write rate law in terms of conversion

For a single reaction

aA bB cC dD
and A is limiting reactant, basis calculation is per mole
of A b c d
A B C D
a a a
Relationship of relative rates and stoichiometry:
rA rB rR rS

a b r s
N A N A0 N A0 X N A0 1 X A
b
N B N B 0 N A0 X
a
c
N C N C 0 N A0 X
a
d
N D N D 0 N A0 X
a
 For constant-volume / constant-density system ,V = V0
Liquid phase reaction, change in density do not affect
the overall density of solution. Therefore, it is regarded
a constant-volume reaction process.
Change in the total number of moles:
d c b
1
a a a
Example: N 2 3H 2 2 NH3
for H2 = (2/3) (1/3) - 1
Ratio of initial amount of species i, to initial amount
of species a N i 0 Ci 0

N A0 C A0
 Identical to batch system
Number of moles, Ni0 replace by Fi0 and Ni by Fi.

FAmoles/time moles
CA
liters/time liters

FB 0 C B 0 0 C B 0 y B 0
B
FA0 C A0 0 C A0 y A0
 Now, we express concentration of each species
as function of conversion:
pressure, temperature are given, then
PV n P FI
nT Total:CT T Inerts :CI CT
RT V RT FT
use expression for FT
outlet :FT FT 0 FA 0 X
then substitute (e.g. species A)
FA FA 0 (1 X )
C A CT CT
FT FT 0 FA 0 X
Example 1: Batch System
Soap consists of the sodium and potassium salts of various fatty acids
such as oleic, stearic, palmitic, lauric and myristic acids. The
saponification for the formation of soap from aqueous caustic soda and
glyceryl stearate is

3NaOH + (C17H35COO)3C3H5 3C17H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3

Set up a stoichiometric table expressing the concentration of each species

in terms of its initial concentration and the conversion, X.
If the initial mixture consists solely of sodium hydroxide at a
concentration of 10 mol/dm3 and glyceryl stearate at a concentration of 2
mol/dm3, what is the concentration of glycerine, C3H5(OH)3, when the
conversion of sodium hydroxide is (a) 20% and (b) 90%?
Example 2: Flow System
A mixture of 28% SO2 and 72% air is charged to a flow reactor in which
SO2 is oxidized.

2SO2 + O2 2SO3

Set up a stoichiometric table and find the final concentration for all
components when the total pressure is 1485 kPa (14.7 atm) and the
temperature is constant at 227 C, at 75% conversion.
R=8.314 kPa. dm3/mol.K