Five Gallon study

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

OBJECTIVE :
Provide a fully documented study to clean and disinfect 5 gallon PC
bottles

HOW :
Optimize current cleaning & disinfection (C&D) procedures.
Demonstrate superior performance of proposed C&D procedures.
Test and validate the selected procedures in practice.

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PLAN

List of work / tests executed Who

Review current processes in practice at Nestl Waters.. Nestl Waters

Review of other procedures Ecolab
Literature studies ... Ecolab
Cleaning tests .. Ecolab
Compatibility tests ... Ecolab
Microbiological tests ... Ecolab

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Cleaning tests : procedure

Development of a standardised test soil TNO referenced

3 stages protocol : applying, removing soil and evaluation of cleaning
Results interpretation following cost, energy, time (key factors)

Matrix for the tests : 4*3*3*3*8= 288 tests

Having in mind that :

Makrolon 2858 FBL
Soil is very strong
No mechanical action
Just comparative lab scale study
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Cleaning tests : results
best score based on lowest chemical cost

products concentration % temperature C time mn

mip zentra 0.5 60 5
mip CIP 0.5 60 10
NaOH + stabilon WT 0.5 + 0.2 40 10
horolith PA 0.5 40 10
polybrite >1 > 80 > 10
liquid spearhead > 1,5 > 80 > 10
NaOH >2 > 80 > 10
horolith BSR >2 > 40 > 10

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Cleaning tests : results
best score based on lowest temperature

products concentration % temperature C time mn

mip CIP 2 40 5
NaOH + st WT 0.5 + 0.2 40 10
horolith PA 0.5 40 10
mip zentra 1 40 10
horolith BSR >2 > 40 > 10
polybrite >1 > 80 > 10
liquid spearhead > 1,5 > 80 > 10
NaOH >2 > 80 > 10

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Cleaning tests : results
best score based on lowest contact time

products concentration % temperature C time mn

mip zentra 1 60 2
mip CIP 1 60 2
NaOH + st WT 1 + 0.2 60 2
horolith PA 1 40 5
polybrite >1 > 80 > 10
liquid spearhead > 1,5 > 80 > 10
horolith BSR >2 > 40 > 10
NaOH >2 > 80 > 10

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Compatibility tests : cleaners & disinfectants

Adapted bent strip test (with original bottle material)

NEW PC 5 GALLON BOTTLES from Van Leer UK

Already bent part

Straight side wall part

dipping 16 hours - visual aspect

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Compatibility tests : results
products concentration % temperature C compatibility
mip zentra 0.5 60 ++
mip CIP 0.5 60 ++
NaOH + st WT 0.5 + 0.2 40 ++
horolith PA 0.5 40 +
NaOH 1.5 60 0
liquid spearhead 1.5 60 ++
polybrite 1 60 ++
oxonia active 450 ppm PAA 40 ++
hypochloran 500 ppm Cl2 40 ++
Na-hypochlorite (13%) 500 ppm Cl2 40 ++
Vortexx 225 ppm PAA 40 ++
oxysan ZS 385 ppm PAA 40 ++

++ = no change/blank (very good) No stress-cracking / no difference between

0 = hazing
- - = bad compatibility
neck-shoulder-handle-bottom
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Mark 0 Mark ++
for hazing no change / blank

SHOULDER
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Microbiological tests
Contents

Choice of the method

Effect of the temperature alone

Comparison of the efficacy of disinfectants (based on sodium

hypochlorite and peracetic acid) at different temperatures

Ranking of the disinfectants

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Choice of the method

Differences between AOAC and the EN suspension test methods

No fundamental differences in the parameters (calibrated inoculum,

same strains, hardness, fixed temperature and contact time, neutralizing
agent)

Therefore, the results can be compared.

AOAC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists

EN: European Normalization

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Temperature effect on the strains

bacteria inoculum 108 cfu/ml

mould inoculum: 107 cfu/ml
60C 80C
Results expressed in log reduction
1 min 2 min 1 min 2 min
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NR NR 5,6 5,1
Enterococcus hirae NR NR < 3.8 3,8
Aspergillus niger NR NR 5,1 5,2
NR: No reduction

Main comment : temperature alone is not efficient enough to kill all the cells
in a short time
cfu/ml: colony forming unit

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Comparison of the efficacy of
Na-hypochlorite versus Hypochloran
T = 20 C P3-HYPOCHLORAN Sodium Hypochlorite
Hard Water 30 F SPECIAL (Raw material)
BACTERIA 100 ppm chlorine 100 ppm chlorine
MOULDS 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min.
P. aeruginosa 4,42 >5 >5 4,68 >5 >5
ATCC 15442
E. coli >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5
ATCC 10536
S. aureus >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5
ATCC 6538
E. hirae >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5
ATCC 10541
A.niger NR NR NR NR NR NR
ATCC 16404
Results expressed in log reduction
NR: no reduction
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Comparison of the efficacy of
Na-hypochlorite versus Hypochloran
T = 45C
P3-HYPOCHLORAN Sodium Hypochlorite
Hard Water 30 F SPECIAL (Raw material)
BACTERIA 100 ppm chlorine 100 ppm chlorine
MOULDS 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min.
P. aeruginosa 4,14 >5 >5 4,72 >5 >5
ATCC 15442
E. coli >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5
ATCC 10536
S. aureus >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5
ATCC 6538
E. hirae >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5
ATCC 10541
A.niger NR NR NR NR NR NR
ATCC 16404
Results expressed in log reduction
NR: no reduction
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Warning

The use of sodium hypochlorite can lead to some problems :

corrosion
deposits
non stability of the active compound

The use of P3-hypochloran products can avoid these problems: they contain
sequestring agents
hard water
membrane structure stabilisation of Gram negative bacteria
stabiliser, pH buffer

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Comparison of the efficacy of chlorine versus PAA

TEMPERATURE 20C

P3-HYPOCHLORAN P3-OXONIA ACTIVE

SPECIAL
BACTERIA 100 ppm chlorine 225 ppm PAA (0,5%) 450 ppm PAA (1%)
30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min.
P. aeruginosa 4,2 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20
ATCC 15442
E. coli > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17
ATCC 10536
S. aureus > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25
ATCC 6538
E. hirae > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17
ATCC 10541

Results expressed in log reduction

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Comparison of the efficacy of chlorine versus PAA

TEMPERATURE 45C

P3-HYPOCHLORAN P3-OXONIA ACTIVE

SPECIAL
BACTERIA 100 ppm chlorine 225 ppm PAA (0,5%) 450 ppm PAA (1%)
30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min.
P. aeruginosa > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20 > 6,20
ATCC 15442
E. coli > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17
ATCC 10536
S. aureus > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25 > 6,25
ATCC 6538
E. hirae > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17 > 6,17
ATCC 10541
Results expressed in log reduction
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Comparison of the efficacy of chlorine versus PAA

TEMPERATURE 20C

P3-HYPOCHLORAN P3-OXONIA ACTIVE

YEASTS / SPECIAL
MOULDS 100 ppm chlorine 225 ppm PAA (0,5%) 450 ppm PAA (1%)
30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min.
C. albicans > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14
ATCC 10231
A. niger NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
ATCC 16404
Results expressed in log reduction
NR : No Reduction

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Comparison of the efficacy of chlorine versus PAA

TEMPERATURE 45C

P3-HYPOCHLORAN P3-OXONIA ACTIVE

YEASTS / SPECIAL
MOULDS 100 ppm chlorine 225 ppm PAA (0,5%) 450 ppm PAA (1%)
30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min.
C. albicans > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14 > 6,14
ATCC 10231
A. niger NR NR NR NR NR 1,08 1,08 2,60 4,00
ATCC 16404
Results expressed in log reduction
NR : No Reduction

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Comparison of the efficacy of chlorine versus PAA

CONCLUSION

at 20C and 30 sec., the results are better against P. aeruginosa with P3-oxonia active

at 45C, the results are similar but P3-oxonia active (PAA) is more effective against
adhered bacteria (cannot be appreciated in the suspension tests)

against moulds (A. niger), 2 minutes and 1 % P3-oxonia active at 45C are
necessary to achieve 4 log reduction

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CONCLUSION

Without disinfectant, a minimal temperature of 80 C provides good results,

but does not kill all the cells in a short time.

The efficacy of disinfectants depends on the temperature and the concentration.

The association of disinfectant and temperature increases the efficacy and allows
a significant reduction of the contact time !

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Comparison of the efficacy of different POA products

(2nd generation)

VORTEXX
P3-OXYSAN ZS

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Comparison of the efficacy of the new products based on POA

TEMPERATURE 45C
T VORTEXX P3-OXYSAN ZS
MOULD control 225 ppm PAA (0,5%) 225 ppm PAA (0,3%) 450 ppm PAA (0,5%)
1 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 30 sec. 1 min. 30 sec. 1 min.

A. niger 0.09 3.19 4.52 3.46 4,70 4.22 6 ,00

ATCC 16404 NR complete
reduction

NR : No Reduction
Results expressed in log reduction

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Therefore, in terms of efficient disinfection the 4 tested

products may be ranked as follows:

P3-oxysan ZS = The best disinfectant in Europe !

Vortexx = The best disinfectant in North America !
P3-oxonia active
P3-hypochloran SPECIAL

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Best practice
recommendation
before field test

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Electronic field test protocol

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