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BRAKING SYSTEM
Overview
Introduction
What is ABS
Simple hydraulic braking system
Principles of ABS
Components
Working
Types
Advantages & Disadvantages
summary
Introduction
Consists of
Master cylinder
Four wheel cylinders
Simple Hydraulic Braking system
Pistons
Fluid
pushes Brake
pushes Wheels
Brakes fluid shoes Vehicle
pistons get
Applied from pushed stops
of wheel locked
Master out
cylinders
cylinder
Principles of ABS
When brakes applied- vehicle speed comes down
Decrease in vehicle speed not always proportional to decrease in wheel speed
Non-correspondence - Slip
Magnitude measured as Slip ratio
Release and reapply of the brake pedal avoid locking of wheels - avoid the
skidding
Antilock braking system does the same
Brakes applied - pressure is quickly applied & released at the wheels - pressure
modulation
Pressure modulation prevent the wheel locking
ABS modulate the pressure 15 times per seconds
ABS precisely controls the slip rate of wheels - ensure maximum grip force from
the tyre - ensures maneuverability and stability
ABS Components Overview
1.Hydraulic Unit
2.Electronic Brake Control Module [EBCM]
3.Four wheel speed sensors
4.Interconnecting wiring
5.ABS indicator
ABS components
ABS Controller
ABS Speed Sensors
ABS Modulator/Valves
ABS Pumps
ABS systems consist of 4 primary components:
ABS Speed Sensors; there are generally one on each wheel (sometimes
they are located on the differential).
It detects a change in acceleration in the longitudinal direction of the
vehicle and outputs it to the ABSCM as a voltage signal.
ABS Modulator/Valves; some system have separate valves for each
wheel with a modulator to control them. Other systems they are combined.
In either case they work with the controller and the pump to add or release
pressure from the individual wheels brakes to control the braking.
ABS Pumps; since the ABS modulator/valves can release pressure from
the individual wheels brakes there needs to be a way to restore the pressure
when required. That is what the ABS pumps job is. When the pump is
cycling, the driver may experience a slight pedal vibration. This cycling is
happening many times per second and this slight vibration is natural.
Working of ABS
Brakes applied
No current flow from ECU to hydraulic unit
Solenoid valves not energized brake master cylinder pressure
reaches wheels Vehicles stops
ABS not involved - Still ECU monitors each wheel for lock- up
Working of ABS
When wheel lock-up sensed
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
Pressure decrease
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
Types of ABS
Three types