Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction for
LTE advanced
LTE Advanced is being rapidly deployed globally
Evolving for faster, better mobile broadband
4
Propel mobile broadband even further
Enhance user experience and deliver efficient solutions to increase capacity
5
Progress LTE capabilities towards 5G
In parallel driving 4G and 5G to their fullest potential
2015 2020+
Note: Estimated commercial dates. Not all features commercialized at the same time 6
Propel mobile
broadband
even further
Carrier Aggregation evolution
TDD/FDD evolution
9
Carrier Aggregationfatter pipe enhances user experience
Leading LTE Advanced feature today
Higher peak data rate Better experience More capacity and better Maximize use of
and lower latency for all users network efficiency1 spectrum assets
1 The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are
partially loaded which is typical in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain
between individual carriers and aggregated carriers 10
Evolving Carrier Aggregation to achieve wider bandwidths
Across more carriers Across spectrum types Across cells
Paired Unpaired
Licensed Unlicensed
* Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), enhanced LAA, LTE Wi-Fi Aggregation (LWA) 11
Making best use of unlicensed spectrum
Unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum ideal for small cells
1 LAAR13 will be downlink only. Aggregating with either licensed TDD or licensed FDD is possible with SDL; 2 Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model.
12x40MHz @ 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum; LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eICIC enabled; LAA R13, 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; Wi-Fi - 802.11ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM). 13
Worlds first over-the-air LAA trial during November 2015
Joint effort by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. with a major Europe MNO
Dual Connectivity
Aggregation of unlicensed and licensed
carriers across non-collocated nodes
Release 13
1 UL aggregation part of Rel. 14other features proposed; 2 Aggregation of unlicensed downlink and uplink is possible with either licensed TDD or licensed FDD; 3 Complexity/cost reduction is also applicable to licensed LTE 15
LWA for existing and new carrier Wi-Fi
LTE Wi-Fi link aggregation part of 3GPP Release 13
Modem-level aggregation
LTE Anchor for superior performance
(Licensed Spectrum)
Notes: Aggregation on modem level (PDCP level), also leveraging dual connectivity defined inR12; Control over X2-like interface needs to be supported by Wi-Fi AP. No change to LTE & WiFi PHY/MAC. No change to core
network 14
Many more antennas to increase capacity and coverage
Significant spectral efficiency gains by introducing Full Dimension (FD) MIMO
Elevation beamforming
Exploit
3D beamforming
Azimuth beamforming utilizing a 2D antenna
array
16
New FDD/TDD design delivers >10x reduction in latency 1
ACK ACK0
Period
Guard
DL
(Tx) (Tx) (Rx) example
reduces RTT
Data and acknowledgement
in the same subframe 2
1 Over-the-air latency based on LTE / LTE Advanced HARQ RTT today = 8ms; LTE Advanced Pro = 600us based on 1 symbol TTI; 2 Retransmission may occur immediately in the next TDD subframe 17
Evolving TDD design
For a faster, more flexible frame structure
D D D D D D D D D D D D D U
Dynamically change UL/DL
Period
Guard
Self-contained DL
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L configuration based on traffic
1ms DL S UL UL DL DL S UL UL DL
D U U U U U U U U U U U U U
Period
Guard
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Self-contained UL
1 Sounding Reference Signal signal transmitted by the UE in the uplink direction; used by the eNodeB to estimate the uplink channel quality 20
FDD also evolving for adaptive UL/DL allocation
Flexible Duplex flexibly converts FDD UL resources for DL traffic offloading
DL Band DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL Band
UL Band UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL DL S UL DL DL DL DL DL DL UL UL Band
1 In which terminal and network transmission power are more similar; 2 For device Interference Cancellation 21
Extending LTE technology to new deployment scenarios
Introducing MulteFireLTE-based technology solely for unlicensed spectrum
23
Proliferate LTE
to new use
cases
Connect the Internet of Things
24
Proliferate LTE to new use cases
New ways to connect
Connect and interact New classes
the Internet of Evolving LTE-Direct of services
Things
Digital TV broadcasting
LTE V2X
High Performance Communications
Proximal awareness
LTE IoT
Latency-critical control
Mobile Video security Wearables Object Tracking Utility metering Environment monitoring
Connected car Energy Management Connected healthcare City infrastructure Smart buildings
Scales even further in cost and power Addresses a subset of IoT use cases
Narrower bandwidth Various potential deployment options Low data rate Up to 100s of kbps
(180 kHz) incl. in-band within LTE deployment1
Higher density Massive number (10s of thousands) Delay tolerant Seconds of latency
of low data rate things per cell
Longer battery life Beyond 10 years of battery life for Nomadic mobility No handover;
certain use cases cell reselection only
27
Expanding the LTE Direct device-to-device platform
Release 12 Release 13 Release 14 and
D2D platform for consumer and Expanded D2D discovery and beyond
public safety use cases D2D communications Multi-hop communication
and more use cases
1 Important for e.g. Social Networking discovery use cases; 2 Designed for Public Safety use cases 29
LTE Advanced Pro enhancements for V2X
Proposed as part of Release 14
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
Build upon LTE Direct D2D discovery and Vehicles send messages to V2X server via unicast;
communication designenhancements for high speeds V2X server uses LTE Broadcast with enhancements
/ high Doppler and low latency to broadcast messages to vehicles and beyond
29
Empowering vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications
Vehicle-to-
Car approaching intersection
Pedestrian (V2P)
Collision Warning
Vehicle-to-
Vehicle (V2V)
Vehicle-to- Vehicle-to-
Accident ahead
Network (V2N) Infrastructure (V2I)
In addition to LTE V2X, 802.11p Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) is expected to be mandated for future light
vehicles by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTA) in the United States to improve road safety*
* Qualcomm has conducted extensive research into various use cases for DSRC, including V2P applications that could extend the safety benefits of V2V communications to vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists.
30
LTE is well suited for V2X communications
Ubiquitous coverage
Established networks serving billions of connections worldwide
Mature ecosystem
Backed by global standards with seamless interoperability
31
Different deployment scenarios possible for LTE V2X
No infrastructure, In-coverage, common V2V spectrum
out-of-coverage shared by multiple operators
Operator A Operator B
V2I frequency 1 V2I frequency 2
Common V2V
frequency V
V2V
frequency V
Operator C
V2I frequency 3
Frequency V = Common spectrum dedicated for V2V communications for a specific region 32
Our vision for the connected car of the future
V2X an important stepping stone to a safer, more autonomous driving experience
Wi-Fi hotspot
Immersive multimedia
Vehicle-to-vehicle
Computer vision
Diagnostics
Heterogeneous On-device Always-on sensing
Real-time navigation connectivity intelligence
Intuitive security
BYOD
Machine learning
Connected infotainment
Augmented reality
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
33
Empowering new classes of wireless services
New opportunities for the entire mobile ecosystem
34
Evolving LTE Broadcast for mobile and beyond
Broadcast on Demand Converged TV services Small Cell Optimizations
Dynamic switching1 between Performance enhancements Including using bandwidth-rich
unicast and broadcast, even to enable a single ne 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum
on a per cell basis twork for mobile/fixed devices
To the extent
needed
When/Where
needed
Provides scalability for demand Longer range up to 15 km3, flexibility Enhancing venue casting and
or event driven broadcast, to dedicate full carrier, higher capacity ,
4
beyond; such as leveraging LAA for
e.g. sports event ability to insert customized ads, and better user experience than Wi-Fi2
5
support for shared broadcast
1 This feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) introduced in Rel. 12, evolving for per cell basis in Rel. 13; 2 Based on SFN gain and mandatory anchor in licensed spectrum; 3 with cyclic prefix of 200 us; 4
features such as 2x2 MIMO and 256 QAM part of Rel. 13 of 3GPP. 5 Proposed for 3GPP R14; delivery of broadcast via several providers using a common SFN timing on a shared broadcast carrier. 35
Using LTE Broadcast for converged digital TV services
Candidate in Europea single broadcast network for mobile and fixed devices
Overlay broadcast on existing
LTE networkwith opportunity for
shared broadcast
Media Gateway
Operator A Operator B
Unicast frequency 1 Unicast frequency 2
Common eMBMS
frequency 3
A A B C D B
Common eMBMS-only carrier shared Users access content unbundled Users can access content even without
across Mobile Operators from transport operators subscription
37
Enabling new proximal awareness & discovery services
LTE Direct introduced in Release 12; enhancements part of Release 13
38
New LTE Direct proximal awareness services
Continuous Discovery Personalized Interactions
of relevant people, products, services, events with the users surroundings and environment
Robust communications
Device-to-device communications
(both in-coverage and out-of-coverage)
LTE ecosystem
Leverage vast ecosystem of devices
Standardization
3GPP Rel. 12 one-to-many communications;
Rel. 13 UE-network relays, MCPTT1 service layer
Millisecond latency
Sample use cases Targeting end-to-end latency <2 milliseconds1
LTE Unlicensed Lower Latency Connect the Internet of Things Vehicle communications
LAA/eLAA, LWA, MulteFire e.g. shorter TTI & HARQ RTT LTE-M, NB-IOT LTE V2X
TDD / FDD Evolution Advanced antenna features New ways to connect/interact New real-time control apps
Faster, more flexible subframe Full-Dimension MIMO Evolve LTE Direct platform Leveraging <10ms e2e latencies
Note: Estimated commercial dates. Not all features commercialized at the same time. 43
Qualcomm LTE Advanced / LTE Advanced Pro leadership
Main contributor to LTE Advanced & FEB 14 (MWC): Enhanced HetNets JUN 13: 1st LTE Advanced solution
LTE Advanced Pro features with data- channel IC JAN 14: 1st modem to support
Pioneering work on LTE Direct/V2X, FEB 15 (MWC): First LTE Broadcast
LTE Broadcast and LTE Unlicensed LTE LAA demo, LTE Direct 1:M FEB 15: 1st modem to support
Harmonized Industry on narrowband demo LTE Unlicensed
IoT (NB-IoT) specification NOV 15: First over-the-air LAA trial OCT 15: 1st modem to support
in Nuremberg, Germany LTE-M and NB-IOT
FEB 16 (MWC):
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
1Qualcomm Technology, Inc. firsts with respect to public announcement of a commercialLTE eLAA
LTE modem chipset and MulteFire 44
Continuing our technical leadership role in 5G
Qualcomm Research working on 5G for many years; focus area of research for future
e.g. new OFDM-based PHY/MAC scalable e.g. mmWave and massive MIMO e.g. Qualcomm Research mmWave
to extreme variations in requirements simulations and measurements prototype system demo at MWC 2016
www.qualcomm.com/wireless
www.qualcomm.com/news/onq
BLOG
@Qualcomm_tech
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp
http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution
Thank you
Follow us on:
For more information, visit us at:
www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
2013-2015 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm and Snapdragon are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries.
MulteFire is a registered trademark of the MulteFire Alliance. All trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated are used with
permission. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other
subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of
Qualcomms engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses,
including its semiconductor business.