Land management systems as the

backbone of economic growth in

developing countries a holistic replicable
approach based on
Romanias story, from 2005 to 2025

Speaker: Mihnea Mihailescu,

Cadaster & Land Services Manager

Authors: Rzvan Rdulescu, Diana Irimia, Dan Jantea,

Rzvan Simion and Mihnea Mihailescu

Washington DC, March 18th, 2016

Index
I. What is our story on the map
II. Where did we start 10 years ago
III. What do we do in cadaster and land management
IV. How we succeeded: demo-use cases
V. Why is the land administration system the backbone of a modern society
Where did we start 10 years ago
Who manages cadaster in Romania?
Name: National Agency of Cadaster and Real Estate Publicity (NACREP)
Birth: 2004, by the merging of National Office of Cadaster, Geodesy and Cartography and Land book
department of Ministry of Justice (World Bank program).
Main roles:
cadastral map administration via surveyor work reception
registration of rights and restrictions in land book
cadastral and land book data dissemination to public
production of cartographic materials
Territorial presence:
42 county offices and 140 local offices
approx. 2,500 employees
Collaborators (approx.):
7,400 surveyors
1,700 public notaries
How did we meet in 2005?

1st project: pilot implementation of an electronic integrated system for

cadaster and land registration
Duration: 2002 2006
Target: 7 county offices (out of the total of 42)
Financing: World Bank Financing
What have we learned?
Data
paper-based land registries
heterogeneous file-based spatial data repositories
People
no central database
dissatisfied clients
(citizens or companies)
Processes stressed employees
driven by local customs poorly informed managers
unpredictable duration
huge effort dedicated to archive exploration and
manual processing
uneven quality of the output
We kept improving (2007-2014)
System reengineering (2007-2008) (technological update):
centralized architecture (vs. distributed)
migration to Oracle DB v.10/11, ArcGIS v.9.3/10.1
new open format for capturing surveyor-produced data (XML)

New functional modules implemented:

systematic cadaster projects reception module
reporting (data warehouse)
e-learning
HW/SW infrastructure management

National roll-out between 2008 and 2011 in 35 counties

Billing module addition
Online application registration by surveyor and notaries
Digitally-signed e-excerpts / data archiving
Results for our customer
Data
has become an important asset People
can be extracted online citizens and companies have their requests
processed faster and more secure
Processes
employees are more efficient in performing
all cadastral & land registry data updates their daily tasks
and legal outputs are performed /
managers have access to real-time
produced within the system
aggregated data
are predictable and more efficiently run
can be initiated online (application
registration)
Legislation and features milestones
Audited business rule violations mechanism
On-line real-time cadastral map updated by surveyors
Interoperability
Client portal:
My real estate portfolio view
Alerts & notifications 2015

On-line electronic application registration by

notaries/surveyors 2013
On-line communication of land book digital signed e-excerpts 2012 Working protocols with
Public notaries
Methodology of collection
2010 and remittance of real
Methodology for estate advertising fees.
systematic
Electronic land
registration
book
Integrated
Workflows 2006
Methodology for drafting cadastral documentation,
reception and land registration
Sale and purchase of agricultural land from the open
countryside
A lot of things have changed
1900 2000 2014
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Land registration evolution in 10 years
Conclusions after 10 years

Less technology is sometimes more

Technology makes people and

organizations develop faster

Flexibility is a must for the IT system

of developing organizations

Standardization makes people speak

the same language

Data is the new gold.

Statistics after 10 years
# of requests received in the system
7000000

6000000

5000000

4000000

3000000

2000000
35%
1000000 25%
19%
0 3%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Online Front Office

Statistics after 10 years
# of excerpts generated from the system
3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000
11% 15%
3%
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Electronic Paper
Statistics after 10 years
Average requests solution in # of days
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

working days
Overview of the system
Web Integrated Land Management
Application
Business view
Generic system workflow
?
Contracting Creation of
services from Technical
Surveyor Documentation

Technical
Reception
Necessary?
Registration of
Application

YES NO

Technical Documents

?
Contracting documentation Registration in
Creation of Reception Land book
services from
Deed
Public Notary

Cadastral map
YES Electronic and/or land
resolution ? registry update
Confirmation
Notification of
Receiving Transfer of Application
Application Application Result / Proof for
Resolution Resolution register update NO

Surveyor / Public Assistant

Requester PR Referent Inspector Registrator
Notary Registrator
Registration and payment

Features:
real-time application form registration
on-line payment (integration with payment processor)
on-line application status tracking
input / output documents upload / download

Benefits:
high accessibility
reduced processing costs and time
process transparency
lower waste of resources
Cadaster

Features:
real-time online updated map by surveyors
various import/export accepted formats (OGC, ESRI)
real-time spatial data validation (topology)
advanced GIS data query from internal and external sources
instant access to land registry data (land book)
tools for general cadaster project reception

Benefits:
higher data quality
reduced costs and time
better decisions
more visibility and transparency, hence fewer corruption chances
Land registry

Features:
right, restrictions and responsibilities registration (RRR)
automated (spatial) restrictions registration (protected areas) real-time query of
spatial data
reservation mechanism for property transfer registration
citizen and company identification in public registries

Benefits:
more accurate and secure registry management
reduced processing costs and time
improved data quality
Citizen online interaction

Features:
property portfolio view (my properties)
alerts settings (e.g. event = app. form registration for one property)
notifications (e.g. processing status change)
complaint registrations using map for localization
surveyor and notaries catalog search and rating
Q&A section

Benefits:
easy accessible valuable information for citizen and companies
transparency
better public image, public satisfaction, fewer complaints
Increased staff self estime, better organizational state of mind
Services view
Products
Business Process Management

Modeling tools for analysts

Human tasks
Long-running processes
Workflow configurations
Business rules
Customizable allocation algorithms
KPIs
Audit and management processes
Data management

Data consistency processes

Full versioning over all data catalogs
Real-time validation for textual and spatial data
Spatial data validation across external sources
Federated data exploration over legacy systems
Document management system for all system documents
Indexing processes for data federation
Integration
Government & Administration Businesses
Integration

Web services for government & administration

Web services for private businesses and banks

Standard format for online/offline data entry based on OGC GML

Standard and non-standard spatial data integration using OGC (WFS, WMS)
and proprietary (ESRI) formats.

Integration with Administration Registries using web services

Flexibility

Customizable workflows and business rules

Data model based on standard Land Administration Domain Model
(LADM) a model applicable to any land and cadaster system
Development using open standards (any COTS product can be replaced
by using open source software and minimal adjustments)
Decoupled architecture (modular components)
Full versionable code registries
Adherence to standards

LADM oriented data model: OGC standards for spatial data

- Party package representation & provisioning:
- Administrative package GML, WKT, KML
- Spatial Unit package
OGC standards for data services:
INSPIRE data themes: Business Technical WFS, WMS
- Cadastral Parcels
Standards Standards
- Cadastral Zoning Business Process Management:
- Cadastral Boundaries BPMN
- Buildings BPEL

Universal data model for parties: Web Services:

identification, roles & relations SOAP, WSDL, WS-SECURITY
How we succeded
Demo use-cases
Integrated cadaster and land registry
Federated query of legacy systems
BPM controlled workflows:
Spatial data analysis and map features
Why is a Land Administration System
the backbone of a modern society
Spatially enabled society (SES) & Spatial
Data Infrastructures (SDI)
In SES, location, place and other spatial information are available to governments, citizens and
businesses as a means of organizing their activities and information.
SDI is a dynamic, hierarchic and multidisciplinary concept that includes people, data, access networks,
institutional policy, technical standards and human resource dimensions
Contemporary drivers for cadaster
1 Political and Legal Drivers
Good Government needs accurate, easy-accessed, fast-served
information for decision-making processes.
A well-organized layer of parcel information in a national SDI is
needed to provide immediate and accurate information about land
based activities.
3 Social-Economic Drivers
Massive urbanization will be the greatest socio-economic trend.
Cadastral information will be needed to govern the new mega-cities.
Globalization will continue to be a significant economic force on
most economies that will develop land global markets and need for
reliable information.
The cadaster must reassume the role of securing all interests in
land, passed over in the race to build new commodities out of land.
2 Environmental Drivers
Climate change scientists predict more severe and more
frequent extreme weather events in the coming decades.
Spatial information, particularly the cadaster, will be involved in
preparation of environments, response and recovery phases in
case of severe scenarios
Technological Drivers
4
Technological solutions :
3D visualization and analysis tools will enable real-time and predictive
analysis of phenomena and events;
utility networks, people movements, traffic surges, social interactions
and environmental flows will be captured, visualized and analyzed by
decision makers in real-time.
cadaster will continue to be an important component of these
analytical systems: real-time accuracy, 3D property interests and
interoperability through standardization of the cadastral domain will be
essential.
Future cadaster characteristics
80s-90s crude digitization of paper-maps resulted in large
errors
Survey-Accurate
Sub-centimeter accuracy is need for building
Cadasters management, utility administration, infrastructure
organization, precision farming, some navigation
applications and sea-level rise response

The prolifaration of new property RRRs => shift from

parcel to objects
Object-Oriented Practical implementation of conceptual models (CCM)
will require large investment and potentially dramatic re-
Cadasters engineering of existing cadastral systems and processes

Vertical mega-cities planning and management, new

interests, efficient response to emergencies requires
3D/4D modeling and visualization of spatial data.
3D/4D Cadasters Legal, policy and technical barriers have been addressed
and solutions have been formulated.
Future cadaster characteristics (2)
Globalization of economic systems and land markets (through
mortgage backed certificates and other complex commodities)
Global requires global systems of management.
Interoperable cadastral systems appear to offer a method for
Cadasters integrating and better understanding the relationship between land
markets.

Many new property interests are designed around natural

phenomena, rather than the strict bearings and distances or
Cartesian coordinates found in traditional parcels: marine
environments exhibit fuzzy and changeable boundaries.
Organic Cadasters Ambient Spatial Intelligence achieved through the use of Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSNs) will enable the continuous movement of
these boundaries to be measured and presented visually in real-time
within the cadastral framework.

Emergency management, property market management and

navigation tools require cadastral information to exhibit real-time
Real-Time updates and access.
Technology will further develop to support real-time measurements
Cadasters and effective checking and registration. Marine management
solutions may be the starting point.
Impact on other critical systems
Impact on other critical systems
In Emergency management:
Quicker intervention due to addresses
accuracy;
Relevant information emergency
agencies and first responders offering up
to date buildings plans: access points,
surface details etc.;
Overview of affected properties for
public utilities agents.
In Environmental control:
Water cadaster: water management
(intakes, evacuations), bridges
management, which provide quick
damage assessment in case of floods;
Support for environmental protection
regulations;
Delimitation of areas: protected areas,
protected waters, habitats etc.
For Agriculture management
systems
Cadaster provides technical, economic and up-
to-date data of agricultural land, systematically
updated with all the changes taking place in the
permanent agricultural land structure.
These elements of cadaster agricultural fund are
Cadaster as
valued in the process of priorities of action for
a crucial restructuring, modernizing and developing
agricultural infrastructure
decision
assistant
For Tax systems
The integration between the cadaster and the
tax systems is very important, the cadaster
system providing the necessary data system of
taxes and fees for the correct tax liabilities of
taxpayers requested by authorized institutions.