|







   
|        
|

  
 
  
 
 |
 |
   
 This project named ³Control Structure´ is mainly
focused on the working principle of various control
Structures in VB and their implementation in
Programming.
 Various Practical Examples have been included in
this project relating to real life problems for the better
understanding of the concepts.
 Programming questions, Output related questions are
formed so as to improve the logical & problem
solving ability of the students.
    
 ½orking principles of various types of control
structures in VB.
 Syntax & semantics of various statements in VB.
 Implementation of Control structures in
Programming.
 Connecting real-
real-world entities using control
structures.
 Solving real-
real-life problems using control structures.
 Enhancement of Logical & Problem solving ability of
the learner.
 m |
 
 Students performance will be judged/assessed by
inspecting the following factors :
 Logic in Programming.
 Efficiency & Effectiveness of Programs.
 Usage of various control structures.
 Correct syntax.
 Correct code.
 Following stylistic guidelines while programming i.e.
object naming conventions, meaningful object names,
proper indentation & spacing, prettyprinting style etc.
 
 |
 
 Students will be explained about the working
principle of individual statement with the help
of its proper syntax and example.
 After explaining working principle of every
statement, students will be given Practical
Examples, implemented using VB language on
Computer.
 Students will be demonstrated the usage and
working of every statement in variety of ways,
according to the options available in the
syntax.
 
 |
 
 Students will be given practical questions to
solve and implement using VB language.
 After implementing every type of control
structure, students will be given a Home
Assignment based on the statements studied.
 Students will be given a consolidated
Assignment in the end of the chapter so as to
test the logical ability of the children and their
understanding about the different types of
control structures and their implementation.
 6
 !
 I am in teaching profession from last 12 years so this
complete lesson plan, assessment procedure,
programming questions, output related questions etc.,
are formed with my previous experience and
knowledge. Still I would like to mention few
resources I have used for the preparation of this
Project :
 Text book of Informatics Practices by Sumita Arora.
 Previous year CBSE Board question papers.
 Computer.



   

      
|

  
 
  



 "
#
 In a program, statements may be executed
sequentially, selectively or iteratively. Every
programming language provides constructs to
support sequence, selection or iteration. So
there are three types of programming
constructs :
 Sequential Constructs
 Selection Constructs
 Iterative Constructs
 $ 

 
 The sequential construct means the statements
are being executed sequentially. This
represents the default flow of statements.

Stament 1

Stament 2

Stament 3
 


 
 The selection construct means the execution of
statement(s) depending upon the condition-
condition-
test. If a condition evaluates to true, a course-
course-
of-
of-action (a set of statements) is followed
otherwise another course-
course-of-
of-action is followed.
This construct is also called decision construct
as it helps in decision making.
 


 
 
%
&%

 
Condition
? Statement 1 Statement 2

&

Statement 1 m


%

&%


Statement 2
   

 
 The iterative or repetitive constructs
means repetition of a set-
set-of-
of-statements
depending upon a condition-
condition-test. A set-
set-
of-
of-statements are repeated again and
again till the condition or Boolean
Expression evaluates to true. The
iteration constructs are also called as
looping constructs.
   

 

&
Condition
?
 ' 


 

Statement 1  






Statement 2
 


 
 VB provides two types of selection construct :
è 1) If statement
è 2) Select Case statement
 The If Statement : If statement of VB comes in
various forms & are given below:
1) If..Then Statement
2) If..Then..Else Statement
3) If..Then..ElseIf Statement
4) Nested Ifs
 & 
 ef. : An If..Then statement tests a particular
condition; if the condition evaluates to true, a
course--of-
course of-action is followed otherwise it is
ignored.
 Syntax :

If (boolean expression) Then

statements
End If
 & 
 Example 1. :
If (Num>0) Then
Print ³It is a positive number´
End if

 Example 2 :
If txtAge.Text>=18 Then
Print ³You are eligible to vote´
End if
 &( 
 If..Then..Else statement provides an alternate choice
to the user i.e. if the condition is true then a set of
statements are executed otherwise another set of
statements are executed.
 Syntax :

If (boolean Expression) Then

VB Statement(s)
Else
VB Statement(s)
End If
 ('
& &(
 Example 1 :
If txtAge.Text>=18 Then
Print ³You are eligible to vote´
Else
Print ³Sorry, You are not eligible to vote´
End If

 Example 2 :
If Num Mod 2=0 Then
Print ³It is an Even Number´
Else
Print ³It is an Odd Number´
End If
 &(& 
 If..Then..ElseIf statement is used to test a number of mutually
exclusive cases and only executes one set of statements for the
case that is true first.
 Syntax :

If (Boolean Expression) Then

Statement(s)
ElseIf (Boolean Expression 2) Then
Statement(s)
ElseIf (Boolean Expression 3) Then
Statement(s)
:
[ Else
Statement(s)
End If
 ('
& &(&
If (Age<=4) Then
Print ³Your rate is free.´
ElseIf (Age<=12) Then
Print ³You qualify for the children¶s rate.´
ElseIf (Age<65) Then
Print ³You must pay full rate´
Else
Print ³You qualify for the seniors¶ rate.´
End If
 - &
 A nested If is an if that has another If in its if¶s body
or in its else¶s body. The nested if can have one of the
following three forms :
1. If (expresssion 1) Then
If (expression 2 ) Then
Statement 1
[Else
Statement 2
End If
Else
body--of-
body of-else]
End If
 - &
2. If (expression 1) Then
body--of-
body of-if
Else
:
If (expression 2) Then
Statement--1
Statement
[Else
Statement--2]
Statement
End If
 - &)
3) If (expression 1) Then
:
If (expression 2) Then
Statement--1
Statement
[Else
Statement--2]
Statement
End If
Else
If (expression 3) Then
Statement--3
Statement
[Else
Statement--4]
Statement
:
End If
End If

 ('
& - &)
If Num>0 Then
Print ³It is a positive number´
Else
If Num<0 Then
Print ³It is a negative number´
Else
Print ³The number is equal to zero´
End If
End If
 %%
 

 Select-Case is a multiple branching statement
Select-
and is used to executed a set of statements
depending upon the value of the expression. It
is better to use Select-
Select-Case statement in
comparison to If..Then..ElseIf Statement when
the number of checks are more. There are 3
different forms of using Select-
Select-Case statements
and are given below :
 &&  &

& %

& %

1. Select Case : Simplest Form [Exact match]
Select Case Expression
Case Value
¶one or more visual basic statements
Case Value
¶one or more visual basic statements
Case Else :
¶one or more visual basic statements
End Select
 ('
& "
 *
Select Case byMonth
Case 1,3,5,7,8,10,12
number_of_days=31
Case 2
number_of_days=28
Case 4,6,9,11
number_of_days=30
End Select
 '
& "
 +
Select Case : Second Form [Relational Test]
Select Case Expression
Case is relation :
¶one or more visual basic statements
Case is relation :
¶one or more visual basic statements
[Case Else :
¶one or more visual basic statements
End Select
 ('
& "
 +
Select Case marks
Case Is < 50
Result = ³Fail´
Case Is < 60
Result = ³Grade B´
Case Is < 75
Result = ³Grade A´
Case Else
Result = ³Grade A+´
End Select
   "

& 

Select Case : Third Format [Range Check]
Select Case Expression
Case exp1 To exp2:
¶one or more visual basic statements
Case exp1 To exp2:
¶one or more visual basic statements
[Case Else:
¶one or more visual basic statements
End Select
 ('
& "
 ,
Select Case Age
Case 2 to 4 : Print ³PreNursery´
Case 4 to 6 : Print ³Kindergarden´
Case 6 to 10 : Print ³Primary´
Case Else : Print ³Others´
End Select
 0
 m *
 ½rite a program in VB to compare three no¶s
and print the smallest number among these
no¶s.
 ½rite a program in VB to check the eligibilty
of a person to vote. isplay a message ³You
are eligible to vote´ if the age of the person is
greater than or equal to 18 otherwise print
³Sorry! You are not eligible to vote´
 ½rite a program to compare two no¶s and then
print the square and cube of the larger number
among these no¶s.
 0
 m
½rite a program to display the grade obtained
by the child according to the marks obtained
by him/her. Criteria for assigning the grades is
given below : If marks are
>=90 - Grade is A
<90 and >80 ± Grade is B
<80 and >=70 ± Grade is C
<70 and >=60 ± Grade is 
<60 ± Grade is E
   

  -


  .
 Loop : A loop is said to be the set of
instructions which are repeated again and
again in a program.
 Types of Loops in VB :
1) Sentinel--controlled Loop Structures : repeat
Sentinel
statements until a special value called sentinel
value (or the terminating value) is reached.
2) Counter--controlled Loop Structures : repeat
Counter
the set of statements until the value specified
by the counter variable is reached.
 

   
 VB offers broadly following three types of
looping structures :
1. For..Next
2. o Loop
a) o ½hile..Loop
b) o..Loop ½hile
c) o Until..Loop
d) o..Loop Until
3. ½hile..½end
 "
-' 
 This type of statement is used when the user
knows in advance how many times the loop is
going to be executed.

 Syntax :
For <counter Variable>=<start_val> To <end_val> Step
<increment/ecrement Value>
µ One or more VB Statements
Next <counter Variable>
 ('
è Example 1 : Generate natural no¶s from 1 to
100
For I = 1 To 100
Print I
Next I
è Example 2 : Generate first 20 even no¶s.

For E = 2 to 40 Step 2
Print E
Next E
 Î
 ('
Example 3 : Generate odd no¶s from 100 to 30
in a list box.
For O = 99 to 31 Step -2
ListO.AddItem(O)
Next O
Example 4 : Generate table of any number N.
For T = 1 To N
Print N; ³*´; T; ³=´; N*T
Next T
 Î
 ('
 Example 5 : Find factorial of a given number
N.
:
Fact=1
For I= 1 to N
Fact = Fact * I
Next I
Print ³Factorial of ´; N; ³=´; Fact
:
 0
 m +
 ½rite Programs for the following problems :
1) To Generate all the natural no¶s from 200 to
500.
2) To Generate the table of 10.
3) To Generate all the even no¶s from 200 to
400 in reverse order.
4) To Print first 20 multiples of the number
input by the user.
 


   
 o ½hile..Loop : o ½hile loop is an entry
controlled loop in which the condition is
placed at the entry point. This statement
executes the statements specified in the body
of the loop till the condition evaluates to true.
The loop may not be executed at all the if the
condition is initially false.
 Syntax :

o ½hile <condition or boolean expression>

µ One or more VB Statements
Loop
 ('
& 
/


Example 1 : Never executes loop
im A as Byte
A=10
o ½hile A>10
A=A--1
A=A
Loop
Example 2 : Executes loop
im P as Byte
P=20
o ½hile P>5
P=P--2
P=P
Loop
 


 /
 o Loop ½hile is an exit controlled loop as
the condition is placed at exit point. The body
of the loop is going to be executed at least
once whether the condition evaluates to true or
false. Loop is executed as long as the result of
the condition remains true.
 Syntax :

o
One or more VB Statements
Loop ½hile <condition or Boolean Expression>
 ('
 Example 1 :
o
num = InputBox (³Enter a number´)
sum = sum + num
Loop ½hile num < > 0
 Here the statements inside the loop will be
executed once no matter what the comparison
test evaluates to.
 
! 


 o Until loop is an entry controlled loop in which the
condition is placed at the entry point. This statement
executes the statements specified in the body of the
loop till the condition evaluates to false. The loop
may not be executed at all the if the condition is
initially true.
 Syntax :

o Until <condition or boolean expression>

µ One or more VB Statements
Loop
 ('
& 
!


Example 1 : Never executes loop
im A as Byte
A=10
o Until A<10
A=A--1
A=A
Loop
Example 2 : Executes loop
im P as Byte
P=20
o Until P<5
P=P--2
P=P
Loop
 


 !
 o Loop Until is an exit controlled loop as the
condition is placed at exit point. The body of
the loop is going to be executed at least once
whether the condition evaluates to true or
false. Loop is executed as long as the result of
the condition remains false.
 Syntax :

o
One or more VB Statements
Loop Until <condition or Boolean Expression>
 ('
 Example 1 :
o
num = InputBox (³Enter a number´)
sum = sum + num
Loop Until num = 0
 Here the statements inside the loop will be
executed once no matter what the comparison
test evaluates to.
 //
 ½hile..½end loop is functionally equivalent to
the o ½hile..Loop. It executes a set of VB
statements till the condition evaluates to true.

Syntax :
½hile <Condition>
one or more vb statements
½end
 ('
 Example 1 : Generate the sum of first 10
natural no¶s
I=1
½hile I<=10
Sum = Sum + I
I=I+1
½end
Print ³Sum of 10 natural no¶s = ´ ; Sum
 - 


 A loop within another loop is called as Nested
Loop.
 Example :

For I = 1 to 5
For J = 1 To 3
Print J  

   


Next J
Print
Next I
 /
0
& - 


 In nested loops the inner loop is executed
completely for one time execution of the outer
loop. In the Previous example the Inner Loop
will be executed three times for every
execution of the outer loop.
 Nested loops are very useful when there is a
requirement to generate different kind of
patterns as output.
 ('
 ('  |
  
  
    
# 
*
+ +
, , ,
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
 Sol :
For I = 1 To 5
For J = 1 To I
Print I;
Next J
Print
Next I
 0
 m , 3 - 


0
 m , 3
 ½rite programs to generate the following patterns :
1) 1 2) 1 2 3 4 5
12 1234
123 123
1234 12
12345 1
3) A
AB
ABC
ABC
 0
 m 1 3   
0
 m 1 3
6 4 

 Specify the output of the following output related
questions, assume that variables are declared :
G sum=0
sum = 0
For I = 1 To 4 p=2 : q=4
For J = 1 To 3 o ½hile p<=10
sum = sum + J If p Mod 2 = 0 Then
Next J sum = sum + p
Print ³Sum = ´;sum End If
Next I p=p+1
Loop
Print sum
     $ 

ΠR=5 : S=3  M=2 : N=4
o o Until M>12
Print R, S N=N+M
R=R+1 If M Mod 3 = 0 Then
If R = 7 Then N=N-M
Exit o Else
End If N=N+M
S=S+R End If
Loop ½hile R <=10 M=M+1
Loop
Print M, N
 0
 m %% 2
0
 m
 Programming Questions : evelop programs for the
followings :
 To generate the mirror image of the number entered
by the user.
 To generate the prime numbers between 100 and 700.
 To Check whether the number entered by the user is a
prime number or not.
 To print first 30 multiples of the number entered by
the user.
 To generate the factorial of the number input by the
user.
 0
 m %% 2
0
 m
 To generate the Fibonacci series upto first 15 terms
i.e. 0 1 1 2 3 5 8««««..
 To find the sum of all the numbers divisible by 7
from 100 to 200.
 To check whether the year entered by the user is leap
year or not.
 To find and print the sum of digits of the number
entered by the user.
 To find and print the product of digits of the number
accepted from the user.
 m 


 Students will be given Programming problems,
output and error finding questions to test
whether they understood the various concepts
taught through this presentation.
 Various parameters are used to check the
understanding of the concept and its
implementation in Programming.
 All the parameters mention in the next slide
have their own importance, so all these
parameters needs to be checked by the Teacher
teaching Programming.
 m 


|  & # 6 0
Logic Correct/Incorrect
Effective Yes/No
Efficient Yes/No
Coding Correct/Incorrect
Syntax Correct/Incorrect
Following Yes/No
Naming
Conventions