CH3 Image

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 | JUHAIDA ISMAIL 1
CONTENTS
Creation of Creation of
Multimedia Still Images
Images
Colors & Image File

Palettes in Types Used in
Multimedia Multimedia
CREATION OF MULTIMEDIA IMAGES
1. PLAN
Plan your approach using flow charts

and storyboards.
Before commencing
the creation of images
in multimedia, 2. ORGANIZE
we should..
Organize available tools.
3. PREPARE
Prepare devices and workspace: have
multiple monitors, for lots of screen real estate
(viewing area).
CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 3

CREATION OF STILL IMAGES
Still images may be the most important element of a multimedia

project.
The type of still images created depends on the :
display resolution
hardware, and
software capabilities

Still images are generated by the

computer in two way (2 types of
still images):
bitmaps (or paint graphics,

raster image), and
vector-drawn (or just plain
drawn)

2 TYPES OF STILL IMAGES : BITMAPS
Bitmap is derived from the words bit, which means the simplest
element in which only two digits are used, and map, which is a
two-dimensional matrix of these bits.
A bitmap is a data matrix describing the individual dots of an

image.

Bitmaps are an image format suited for creation of:
PHOTO REALISTIC COMPLEX FINE DETAIL

Images Drawings image

Bitmapped images are also known as paint graphics.

A bitmap is made up of individual dots or picture elements
known as pixels or pels.
Bitmapped images can have varying bit and color depths.


Bitmaps can be inserted by (sources of bitmaps):
1.CLIP ART 2. BITMAP 3. CAPTURING &

GALLERY SOFTWARE EDITING
4. SCANNING
IMAGES
BITMAPS can be inserted by (sources of bitmap) :
1. CLIP ART GALLERY
A clip art gallery is an assortment

of graphics, photographs, sound,
and video.
Clip arts are a popular alternative
for users who do not want to
create their own images.
Clip arts are available on CD-
ROMs and on the Internet.

2. BITMAP SOFTWARE
The industry standard for bitmap

painting and editing programs
are:
Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator
Macromedia's Fireworks
Corel's Painter
CorelDraw
Quark Express

3. CAPTURING & EDITING
Capturing and storing images directly from the screen is another

way to assemble images for multimedia.
Both Macintosh and Windows have a clipboard an area of
memory where data is temporarily stored when you cut or copy
within application.
The PRINT SCREEN button in Windows and COMMAND-CONTROL-
SHIFT-4 keystroke on the Macintosh copies the screen image to the
clipboard.
BITMAPS can be inserted by (sources of bitmaps) :
4. SCANNING IMAGES
Everyday objects can be

scanned and manipulated using
image-editing tools.
Users can scan images from
conventional sources and make
necessary alterations and
manipulations.

2 TYPES OF STILL IMAGES : VECTOR DRAWN
Vector-drawn images are used in the following areas:
Computer-aided design (CAD) programs.
Graphic artists designing for the print media.
3-D animation programs.
Applications requiring drawing of graphic shapes.

2 TYPES OF STILL IMAGES : VECTOR DRAWN
HOW VECTOR DRAWN IMAGES WORK ?
A vector is a line that is described by the location of its two

endpoints.
Vector drawing makes use of Cartesian coordinates.
Cartesian coordinates are numbers that describe
a point in two- or three-dimensional space as the
intersection of the X, Y, and Z axes.

VECTOR DRAWN vs. BITMAP
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VECTOR DRAWN AND BITMAP IMAGES
# VECTOR DRAWN BITMAP

1 Use less memory space compared to Use more memory space
bitmap compared to vector
2 Smaller file size compared to bitmap Larger file size compared to

vector
3 For the Web, pages that use vector For the Web, pages that use
graphics in plug-ins download faster bitmap graphics in plug-ins
download slower compared to
vector
VECTOR DRAWN vs. BITMAP (cont.)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VECTOR DRAWN AND BITMAP IMAGES
# VECTOR DRAWN BITMAP

4 For animation, vector can be drawn For animation, bitmaps can be
faster than bitmaps drawn slower than vector
5 Vector images cannot be used for Bitmap images can be used for
photorealistic images. photorealistic images.
6 Vector images require a plug-in for Web- Bitmap images do not require a
based display. plug-in for Web-based display.
7 Vector are easily scalable and resizable. Bitmaps are not easily scalable
and resizable.
8 Vector cannot be converted to bitmap Bitmaps can be converted to
images using autotracing. vector images using autotracing.
3D DRAWING & RENDERING
A 3D scene consist of object that in turn contain many small

elements, such as blocks, cylinders, spheres or cones (described in
terms of vector graphics)
The more elements, the finer the objects resolution and
smoothness.

3-D animation, drawing, and rendering
3 D TO O L S tools include:
1. Daz3D 2. Form*Z
3. NewTeks Lightwave
4. Autodesks Maya
)
5. Googles SketchUp
6. Ray Dream Designer
7. Caligari True Space 2
8. Specular Infini-D
FEATURES OF A 3D APPLICATION
Modeling
placing all the elements into 3-D space
involves drawing a shape, such as a 2D
letter
deals with lighting, setting a camera view to
project shadows
Extrusion
The shape of a plane surface extends some
distance.

FEATURES OF A 3D APPLICATION (cont.)
Lathing
A profile of the shape is rotated around a
defined axis.
Textures & Colors

To make it seem more realistic- rough and
coarse or shiny and smooth.

FEATURES OF A 3D APPLICATION (cont.)
Shading
gouraud shading,
flat shading,
ray tracing,
phong shading
Rendering
Use of intricate algorithms to apply user-
specified effects

PANORAMAS
Panoramic images are created by stitching together a sequence

of photos around a circle and adjusting them into a single
seamless bitmap.
Software such as ULead Cool 360, and Panorama Factory are
required in order to create panoramas.

PANORAMAS Using Panorama Factory
The Panorama Factory is a panoramic stitching program for

Windows and Mac.
It creates high-quality panoramas from a set of overlapping
digital images.
The Panorama Factory transforms (warps) the images so that they
can be joined seamlessly into panoramas whose fields of view
can range up toCSC253
360INTERACTIVE
degrees. MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 25
COLORS & PALETTES IN MULTIMEDIA
UNDERSTANDING NATURAL LIGHT & COLOR
Light comes from an atom where an electron passes from a

higher to a lower energy level.
Each atom produces uniquely specific colors.
Color is the frequency of a light wave within the narrow band of
the electromagnetic spectrum, to which the human eye responds.
TYPES OF COMPUTERIZE COLOR
ADDITIVE SUBTRACTIVE
color color
MONITOR-
COLOR
SPECIFIC
color MODELS

TYPES OF COMPUTERIZE COLOR
1. ADDITIVE COLOR
In the additive color method, a
color is created by combining
colored light sources in three
primary colors - red, green, and
blue (RGB).
TV and computer monitors use this
method.

TYPES OF COMPUTERIZE COLOR (cont.)
2. SUBTRACTIVE COLOR
In the subtractive color method, color is
created by combining colored media such
as paints or ink.
The colored media absorb (or subtract)
some parts of the color spectrum of light
and reflect the others back to the eye.
Subtractive color is the process used to
create color in printing.
The printed page consists of
tiny halftone dots of three primary
colors - cyan, magenta, and yellow
(CMY).
3. MONITOR-SPECIFIC COLORS
Colors should be used according to the target audiences monitor
specifications.
The preferred monitor resolution is 800 x 600 pixels.
The preferred color depth is 32 bits.

4. COLOR MODELS
Models used to specify color in computer terms are:
1. RGB MODEL - A 24-bit methodology where color is specified in
terms of red, green, and blue values ranging from 0 (black) to 255
(white).
2. HSB (hue, saturation, brightness) and HSL (hue, saturation, lightness)
models Color is specified as an angle from 0 to 360 degrees on a
color wheel.
3. Other models CSC253
include CMYK,
INTERACTIVE CIE, YIQ,
MULTIMEDIA| YUV
CHAPTER 3 (TV), and YCC. 31
COLOR PALETTES
Palettes are mathematical tables that

define the color of pixels displayed on the
screen.
Palettes are called color lookup tables or
CLUTs on Macintosh.
Most common palettes are
1 bit (black an white),
4 bit (16 colors),
8 bit (256 colors),
16 bit (65,536 colors ; for color images),
and 24-bit deep (16, 777,216; totally
photo-realistic).

COLOR PALETTES (cont.)
DITHERING
A process whereby the color
value of each pixel is changed
to the closest matching color
value (when a color is not
available in the existing palette).
Done by using a mathematical
algorithm.
Dithering software is usually built
into image-editing software and
available in many multimedia
authoring systems
IMAGE FILE TYPES USED IN MULTIMEDIA
MACINTOSH vs. WINDOWS FORMATS
MACINTOSH WINDOWS
On the Macintosh, the most The most commonly used image file
commonly used format is PICT. format on Windows is DIB (device-
PICT is a complicated and versatile independent bitmap).
format developed by Apple. The preferred file type for
Almost every image application on multimedia developers in Windows
the Macintosh can import or export is Resource Interchange File Format
PICT files. (RIFF).
In a PICT file, both vector-drawn Bitmap formats used most often by
objects and bitmaps can reside Windows developers are:
side-by-side. BMP - A Windows bitmap file.
TIFF (Tagged Interchange File
Format) - Extensively used in DTP
packages.
PCX - Used by MS-DOS paint
software.
IMAGE FILE TYPES USED IN MULTIMEDIA
CROSS-PLATFORM FORMATS (BOTH MACINTOSH & WINDOWS)
CROSS-PLATFORM
JPEG, GIF, and PNG Most commonly

used format on the Web
Adobe PDF (Portable Document Format)

Manages multimedia content
PSD, AI, CDR, DXF Proprietary formats

used by applications
Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGS

or IGES) Standard for transferring CAD
drawings
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SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3 : IMAGE
The computer generates still images as bitmaps

and vector-drawn images.
Bitmap images can be incorporated in multimedia
using clip arts, bitmap software, or by capturing,
editing, or scanning images.
Creating 3-D images involves modeling, extruding,
lathing, shading, and rendering.
Color is one of the most vital components of
multimedia.
CSC253
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3 | JUHAIDA
3 ISMAIL 36
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 3 : IMAGE
1. Explain TWO (2) differences between bitmaps and vector

images.
2. List any TWO (2) features of 3D applications.
3. State the differences between Modeling and Rendering in

3D application.
4. Explain 4 ways where and how to get bitmap images.
5. Explain what do you understand about panoramic images?
6. What are the differences between additive and subtractive

colors?
CSC253
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CHAPTER
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3 | JUHAIDA
3 ISMAIL 37

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CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 | JUHAIDA ISMAIL 1

Colors & Image File

Plan your approach using flow charts

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 3

Still images may be the most important element of a multimedia

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 4

Still images are generated by the

bitmaps (or paint graphics,

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 5

A bitmap is a data matrix describing the individual dots of an

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 6

Bitmaps are an image format suited for creation of:

PHOTO REALISTIC COMPLEX FINE DETAIL

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 7

Bitmapped images are also known as paint graphics.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 8

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 9

1.CLIP ART 2. BITMAP 3. CAPTURING &

1. CLIP ART GALLERY

A clip art gallery is an assortment

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 11

The industry standard for bitmap

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 12

3. CAPTURING & EDITING

Capturing and storing images directly from the screen is another

Everyday objects can be

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 14

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 15

A vector is a line that is described by the location of its two

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 16

# VECTOR DRAWN BITMAP

2 Smaller file size compared to bitmap Larger file size compared to

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VECTOR DRAWN AND BITMAP IMAGES

# VECTOR DRAWN BITMAP

A 3D scene consist of object that in turn contain many small

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 19

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 21

Textures & Colors

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 22

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 23

Panoramic images are created by stitching together a sequence

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 24

The Panorama Factory is a panoramic stitching program for

Light comes from an atom where an electron passes from a

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 27

TYPES OF COMPUTERIZE COLOR

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 28

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 30

Palettes are mathematical tables that

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 3 32

JPEG, GIF, and PNG Most commonly

Adobe PDF (Portable Document Format)

PSD, AI, CDR, DXF Proprietary formats

Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGS

The computer generates still images as bitmaps

1. Explain TWO (2) differences between bitmaps and vector

3. State the differences between Modeling and Rendering in

4. Explain 4 ways where and how to get bitmap images.

5. Explain what do you understand about panoramic images?

6. What are the differences between additive and subtractive

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