CFD ANALYSIS OF A STEADY INVISID FLOW

IN CONVERGENT DIVERGENT
VERIFICATION NOZZLE

Under the guidance of PRESENTED BY:

N. MUNNIKRISHNAN GAURAV BHATT
CEO, SANDI BANGALORE PRAVEEN JAGANATHAN
 INTRODUCTION
GEOMETRY
PROBLEM STATEMENT AND FLOW DESCRIPTION
GOVERNING EQUATIONS
GRID DETAILS
EXPERIMENTAL VALUE VALIDATION RESULTS
CONCLUSION
 OPERATION OF CD NOZZLE
Configuration for converging-diverging (CD) nozzle is shown below
Gas flows through nozzle from region of high pressure (chamber) to low pressure (ambient)
The chamber is taken as big enough so that any flow velocities are negligible
Gas flows from chamber into converging portion of nozzle, past the throat, through the
diverging portion and then exhausts into the ambient as a jet
Pressure of ambient is referred to as back pressure

3
OPERATION OF CD NOZZLE(2)

4
 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND
FLOW DESCRIPTION

This case involves steady, inviscid, non-heat-conducting flow through a converging-diverging nozzle.
The plenum total pressure and total temperature are assumed constant. The values used in this case are
presented. The nature of the flow is determined by the exit static pressure. Three values of exit static
pressure are examined which result in three types of flows

Subsonic, Isentropic flow (pexit/pt=0.89)

Supersonic flow with a normal shock in the diffusing section (pexit/pt=0.75)
Supersonic, Isentropic flow (pexit/pt=0.16)
GEOMETRY

The geometry is an axisymmetric converging-diverging duct. shows the general shape of the
nozzle.
It has an area of 2.5 in2 at the inflow (x = 0 in), an area of 1.0 in2 at the throat (x = 5 in), and an
area of 1.5 in2 at the exit (x = 10 in).
The nozzle area variation uses a cosine function and has the form
These simulations use a planar, axisymmetric flow domain bounded by the centerline and the
nozzle walls. The inflow boundary is at x = 0 inches and the outflow boundary is at x = 10
inches. The throat is at x = 5 inches
MESH DETAILS:
ANSYS-ICEM is used to do the meshing.
2-D MESH
NO. OF ELEMENTS : 24640

TOTAL NODES = 24321

TOTAL NODES = 24321
GOVERNING EQUATION:
 VALIDATION RESULTS
SUBSONIC CASE 1 : PRESSURE INLET & PRESSURE OUTLET

INLET CONDITIONS: OUTLET CONDITIONS: PRESSURE RATIO: 0.89

PRESSURE : 6894.7573 PA PRESSURE : 6136.3339 PA FREE STREAM CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE : 55.5556 K TAKEN AT MACH NO. : 0.2
MACH NO. : 0.23954284
PRESSURE CONTOUR PLOT
-PRESSURE IS IN PASCAL

MACH NO. CONTOUR PLOT

RELATIVE RESIDUE PLOT:
 SUBSONIC CASE 2 : MASS FLOW INLET & PRESSURE OUTLET

INLET CONDITIONS: OUTLET CONDITIONS: PRESSURE RATIO: 0.89

PRESSURE: 6894.7573 PA PRESSURE : 6136.3339 PA FREE STREAM CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE : 55.5556 K TAKEN AT MACH NO. : 0.2
MASS FLOW RATE : 0.0001386743895 KG/S
PRESSURE CONTOUR PLOT
-PRESSURE IS IN PASCAL

MACH NO. CONTOUR PLOT

RELATIVE RESIDUE PLOT:
SUBSONIC CASE 3 : PRESSURE INLET & MASS FLOW OUTLET

INLET CONDITIONS: OUTLET CONDITIONS: PRESSURE RATIO: 0.89

PRESSURE : 6894.7573 PA MASS FLOW RATE : 0.0001293242821 KG/S FREE STREAM CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE : 55.5556 K TAKEN AT MACH NO. : 0.2
MACH NO. : 0.23954284
PRESSURE CONTOUR PLOT
-PRESSURE IS IN PASCAL

MACH NO. CONTOUR PLOT

RELATIVE RESIDUE PLOT:
SUPERSONIC 1 CASE 1 : PRESSURE INLET & PRESSURE OUTLET

INLET CONDITIONS: OUTLET CONDITIONS: PRESSURE RATIO: 0.75

PRESSURE : 6894.7573 PA PRESSURE : 5171.0679 PA FREE STREAM CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE : 55.5556 K TAKEN AT MACH NO. : 1
MACH NO. : 0.23954284
PRESSURE CONTOUR PLOT
-PRESSURE IS IN PASCAL

MACH NO. CONTOUR PLOT

RELATIVE RESIDUE PLOT:
SUPERSONIC 2 CASE 1 : PRESSURE INLET & PRESSURE OUTLET

INLET CONDITIONS: OUTLET CONDITIONS: PRESSURE RATIO: 0.16

PRESSURE : 6894.7573 PA PRESSURE : 1103.1611 PA FREE STREAM CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE : 55.5556 K TAKEN AT MACH NO. : 1
MACH NO. : 0.23954284
PRESSURE CONTOUR PLOT
-PRESSURE IS IN PASCAL

MACH NO. CONTOUR PLOT

RELATIVE RESIDUE PLOT:
SUPERSONIC 2 CASE 2 : PRESSURE INLET & SUPERSONIC OUTLET

INLET CONDITIONS: OUTLET CONDITIONS: PRESSURE RATIO: 0.16

PRESSURE : 6894.7573 PA SUPERSONIC OUTLET FREE STREAM CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE : 55.5556 K -no inputs required TAKEN AT MACH NO. : 1
MACH NO. : 0.23954284
PRESSURE CONTOUR PLOT
-PRESSURE IS IN PASCAL

MACH NO. CONTOUR PLOT

RELATIVE RESIDUE PLOT:
CONCLUSION:

Subsonic flow
Case1 of Subsonic flow we have seen the discrepancy at the throat the variation is about 0.8 for Mach no. plot in +ve y direction and 0.04 in the -ve y direction
in case of pressure plot.
Case2, i.e. Mass flow Inlet & pressure outlet we have seen the discrepancy at the throat the variation is about 0.8 for Mach no. plot in ve y direction and and
0.04 in the +ve y direction in case of pressure plot.
Case3(Pressure inlet & Mass flow outlet) of subsonic flow we can see the results are almost same as case 2.

Supersonic flow with Normal Shock

Case1(Pressure Inlet & Pressure Outlet), we can see the good result matching with the experimental as well as the Wind-US solver and the shock is forming at
x=0.75in.

Supersonic flow
Case1(Pressure inlet & Pressure outlet), we can see the very good results. The plots are matching exactly with the experimental plot the Mach no. is reaching
1.8.
Case2(Pressure Inlet & Supersonic Outlet), similar to case 1 the results are very good and matching exactly with the experimental plot.
REFERENCES:

1. Anderson, J.D., Modern Compressible Flow, McGraw Hill Inc., New York, 1984.
2. Anderson, J.D., Computational Fluid Dynamics with Applications, McGraw Hill Inc., New York, 1998.
3. https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/wind/valid/archive.html