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Review: Q in a CSTR
CSTR with a heat exchanger, perfectly mixed inside and outside of reactor
FA0
Q UA(Ta T) Ta
T, X Ta
T, X
The heat flow to the reactor is in terms of:
Overall heat-transfer coefficient, U
Heat-exchange area, A
Difference between the ambient temperature in the heat jacket, Ta, and
rxn temperature, T
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-5
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Relating HRX(T) to HRX(TR) and
L12-7
n T
0 Q Ws FA0 iCp,idT H RX (TR ) TT CP dT FA0 X A
i1Ti0 R
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 Ws Q
Solve for XA:
i1 XA
T T F
H RX (TR ) C
P R A0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-9
Rearrange:
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 Q Ws H RX (TR ) C
T T F X
i1
P R A0 A
Which term in this equation is zero because were solving for an adiabatic
reaction?
a) dEsys/dt d) FA0
b) Q e) None of the above
c)
When the reaction is adiabatic (Q=0):
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 Q Ws H RX (TR ) C
T T F X
i1
P R A0 A
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 0 Ws H RX (TR ) C
T T F X
i1
P R A0 A
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-10
Rearrange:
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 Q Ws H RX (TR ) C
T T F X
i1
P R A0 A
When shaft work can be neglected (=0) and the reaction is adiabatic (Q=0):
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 0 0 H RX (TR ) C
T T F X
i1
P R A0 A
n
Solve for XA: FA0 iCp,i T Ti0
i1 XA
H RX (TR ) C T T F
P R A0
n Solve this eq simultaneously
iCp,i T Ti0 with design equation
i 1 X A Design eqs do not change,
H RX (TR ) C T T
P R except k will be a function of T
T = reaction temp Ti0 = initial (feed) temperature TR= reference temp
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-11
n
Q Ws FA 0 iC pi( T Ti0 ) FA 0 X HR X( TR ) C p( T TR ) 0
i1
n
iCpi (T Ti0 ) Q 0
X i1
W 0
HRX (TR ) C
(T T ) Xenergy balance s
p R
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-12
Nonisothermal CSTR
FA0 X
Design equation (From mass balance) : V
rA
Energy balance: Coupled
n
Q Ws FA0 iCpi (T Ti0 ) FA0 X HRX (TR ) C
(T T ) 0
i1
p R
UA(Ta T)
n
X HRX (TR ) Cp ( T TR ) iCpi (T Ti0 )
FA0 i1
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-13
Application to CSTR
Case 1: Given FA0, CA0, A, E, Cpi, HI, and XA, calculate T & V
T Texit
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-14
XA
T
distance
Negligible shaft work (S=0) and adiabatic (Q=0)
0 X A
V
k 1 X A
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L12-17
Now, the first order reaction A(l) B(l) is carried out adiabatically with and
inlet temp of 300 K, CPA = 50 cal/molK, and the heat of reaction = -20,000
cal/mol. Assume S=0. The energy balance is:
n 0 0
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 Ws Q
XA i 1 HRX T H RX (TR ) C T T
P R
H RX (TR ) C T T F
P R A0
n
iCpi T T0 n
T T0
i1 iCpi 1 Cp A CP
XEB i1 XEB A
HRX T HRX T
From thermodynamics
XEB 50 T 300
XEB
20000
T
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
The irreversible, elementary liquid-phase reaction 2A B is carried out adiabatically L12-18
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. What would be the temperature inside of a steady-state
CSTR that achieved XA= 0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K
n
Start with SS EB & solve for T: 0 Q Ws FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 HRX (T)FA0 X A
i1
n
0 0 0 FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 HRX (T)FA0 X A
i1
n
FA0 iCp,i T Ti0 H RX TR CP T TR FA 0 X A
i1
n
iCp,i T Ti0 H RX (TR ) CP T TR X A
Multiply out brackets & bring
i1
terms containing T to 1 side
n n
iCp,iT CP TX A H RX (TR )X A CP TR X A iCp,iTi0
i1 i1
n
H RX (TR )X A CP TR X A iCp,iTi0
T i1
n
iCp,i CP X A
i1
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
The irreversible, elementary liquid-phase reaction 2A B is carried out adiabatically L12-19
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. What would be the temperature inside of a steady-state
CSTR that achieved XA= 0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K
n
H RX (TR )X A CP TR X A iCp,iTi0
T i1
Start with SS EB & solve for T: n
iCp,i CP X A
i1
b 1 cal cal C 0
Cp Cp Cp Cp 30 15 p
a B A 2 mol K mol K
n cal cal cal
A 1 B 0 I 1 iCp,i = 1 15 + 1 15 30
i1 mo l K mo l K m ol K
d
a
c
H RX TR H D TR H C TR H B TR H A TR
a
b
a
1 cal cal
H RX TR 50,000
2
20,000
mol
m ol
H T
RX R 5000
cal
mol
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
The irreversible, elementary liquid-phase reaction 2A B is carried out adiabatically L12-20
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. What would be the temperature inside of a steady-state
CSTR that achieved XA= 0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K n
H RX (TR )X A CP TR X A iCp,iTi0
Start with SS EB & solve for T: T i1
n
iCp,i CP X A
i1
n
Cp 0 cal cal
iCp,i 30 H RX TR 5000
i1 mol K mol
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
The irreversible, elementary liquid-phase reaction 2A B is carried out adiabatically L12-21
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. What would be volume of the steady-state CSTR that
achieves XA= 0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K
FA 0 X A
Solve the CSTR design eq for V at XA = 0.8 & T = 427.3K: VCSTR
-rA
CA0 0 X A
rA kCA Stoichiometry : C A C A0 1 X A Combine : VCSTR
2
k CA0 2 1 X A
2
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. Use the 2-point rule to numerically calculate the PFR
volume required to achieve XA=0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K
Use the energy balance to construct table of T as a function of XA
For each XA , calculate k, -rA and FA0/-rA
Use numeric evaluation to calculate VPFR
XA T(K) k(dm3/mols) -rA(mol/dm3s) FA0/-rA(dm3)
0 294* 0.00129 0.00129
0.8 427.3* 0.2696* 0.010784
*Calculated in CSTR portion of this problem
dm3 1 1 dm3
k 0.02 exp 5032.7126K k 0.00129
mol s 350K 294 mol s
dm3 mol2 mol
rA k C A0 1 X A rA XA 0 0.00129
2 2
2
1 1 0 r 0.00129
mol s dm6
A X A 0
dm3 s
dm3 mol2 mol
2
rA X 0.8 0.2696 1 1 0.8 r 0.010784
mol s dm6
A XA 0.8
A
dm3 s
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
The irreversible, elementary liquid-phase reaction 2A B is carried out adiabatically L12-23
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. Use the 2-point rule to numerically calculate the PFR
volume required to achieve XA=0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K
Use the energy balance to construct table of T as a function of XA
For each XA , calculate k, -rA and FA0/-rA
Use numeric evaluation to calculate VPFR
XA T(K) k(dm3/mols) -rA(mol/dm3s) FA0/-rA(dm3)
0 294 0.00129 0.00129 3876
0.8 427.3 0.2696 0.010784 463.6
mol dm
3
mol
FA0 CA0 0 FA0 1 3 5 5
dm s s
mol mol
FA0 5 FA0 5
s 3876 dm3 s 463.6 dm3
A XA 0
r 0.00129
mol rA XA 0.8 0.010784 mol
dm3 s dm3 s
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
The irreversible, elementary liquid-phase reaction 2A B is carried out adiabatically L12-24
in a flow reactor with S=0 and without a pressure drop. The feed contains equal molar
amounts of A and an inert liquid (I). The feed enters the reactor at 294 K with 0 = 5
dm3/s and CA0= 1 mol/dm3. Use the 2-point rule to numerically calculate the PFR
volume required to achieve XA=0.8? Extra info:
E = 10,000 cal/mol CpA= 15 cal/molK CpB= 30 cal/molK CpI = 15 cal/molK
HA(TR) = -20 kcal/mol HB(TR) = -50 kcal/mol HI(TR) = -15 kcal/mol
k = 0.02 dm3/mols at 350 K
Use the energy balance to construct table of T as a function of XA
For each XA , calculate k, -rA and FA0/-rA
Use numeric evaluation to calculate VPFR
XA T(K) k(dm3/mols) -rA(mol/dm3s) FA0/-rA(dm3)
0 294 0.00129 0.00129 3876
0.8 427.3 0.2696 0.010784 463.6
X1
h
2-point rule: f x dx f X 0 f X 1 where h X 1 X 0 h 0. 8 0 h 0. 8
2
X0
0. 8
VPF R 3876dm3 463. 6dm3
2
VP F R 1736 dm3
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.