Surface Area of

10-5
10-5Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Pyramids and Cones

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

Holt
Holt Geometry
Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

Warm Up
Find the missing side length of each
right triangle with legs a and b and
hypotenuse c.

1. a = 7, b = 24 c = 25
2. c = 15, a = 9 b = 12
3. b = 40, c = 41 a=9
4. a = 5, b = 5
5. a = 4, c = 8

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

Objectives
Learn and apply the formula for the
surface area of a pyramid.
Learn and apply the formula for the
surface area of a cone.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

Vocabulary
vertex of a pyramid
regular pyramid
slant height of a regular pyramid
altitude of a pyramid
vertex of a cone
axis of a cone
right cone
oblique cone
slant height of a right cone
altitude of a cone

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
The vertex of a pyramid is the point opposite the
base of the pyramid. The base of a regular pyramid
is a regular polygon, and the lateral faces are
congruent isosceles triangles. The slant height of a
regular pyramid is the distance from the vertex to
the midpoint of an edge of the base. The altitude of a
pyramid is the perpendicular segment from the vertex
to the plane of the base.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

The lateral faces of a regular pyramid can be

arranged to cover half of a rectangle with a height
equal to the slant height of the pyramid. The width
of the rectangle is equal to the base perimeter of the
pyramid.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 1A: Finding Lateral Area and Surface Area
of Pyramids
Find the lateral area and surface area of a regular
square pyramid with base edge length 14 cm and
slant height 25 cm. Round to the nearest tenth, if
necessary.
Lateral area of a regular pyramid

P = 4(14) = 56 cm

Surface area of a regular pyramid

B = 142 = 196 cm2

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 1B: Finding Lateral Area and Surface Area
of Pyramids
Find the lateral area and surface area of
the regular pyramid.

Step 1 Find the base

perimeter and apothem.

The base perimeter is

6(10) = 60 in.

The apothem is , so the base area is

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 1B Continued

Find the lateral area and surface area of

the regular pyramid.

Step 2 Find the

lateral area.

Lateral area of a
regular pyramid

Substitute 60 for P and 16 for .

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 1B Continued

Find the lateral area and surface area of

the regular pyramid.

Step 3 Find the

surface area.

Surface area of a
regular pyramid

Substitute for B.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 1

Find the lateral area and surface area of a

regular triangular pyramid with base edge length
6 ft and slant height 10 ft.

Step 1 Find the base perimeter and apothem. The

base perimeter is 3(6) = 18 ft.

The apothem is so the base area is

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued

Find the lateral area and surface area of a

regular triangular pyramid with base edge length
6 ft and slant height 10 ft.

Step 2 Find the lateral area.

Lateral area of a regular pyramid

Substitute 18 for P and 10 for .

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued

Find the lateral area and surface area of a

regular triangular pyramid with base edge length
6 ft and slant height 10 ft.

Step 3 Find the surface area.

Surface area of a regular pyramid

Substitute for B.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

The vertex of a cone is the point opposite the base.

The axis of a cone is the segment with endpoints at
the vertex and the center of the base. The axis of a
right cone is perpendicular to the base. The axis of
an oblique cone is not perpendicular to the base.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones

The slant height of a right cone is the distance from

the vertex of a right cone to a point on the edge of the
base. The altitude of a cone is a perpendicular
segment from the vertex of the cone to the plane of
the base.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 2A: Finding Lateral Area and Surface Area
of Right Cones

Find the lateral area and surface area of a right

cone with radius 9 cm and slant height 5 cm.

L = r Lateral area of a cone

= (9)(5) = 45 cm2 Substitute 9 for r and 5 for .

S = r + r2 Surface area of a cone

= 45 + (9)2 = 126 cm2 Substitute 5 for and
9 for r.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 2B: Finding Lateral Area and Surface Area
of Right Cones
Find the lateral area and surface area of the cone.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem
to find .
L = r Lateral area of a right cone
= (8)(17) Substitute 8 for r
and 17 for .
= 136 in 2

S = r + r2 Surface area of a cone

= 136 + (8)2 Substitute 8 for r
and 17 for .
= 200 in2
Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 2
Find the lateral area and surface area of the
right cone.

Use the Pythagorean Theorem

to find .
L = r Lateral area of a right cone
= (8)(10) Substitute 8 for r
and 10 for .
= 80 cm 2

S = r + r2 Surface area of a cone

= 80 + (8)2 Substitute 8 for r
and 10 for .
= 144 cm2
Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 3: Exploring Effects of Changing Dimensions

The base edge length and slant height of the

regular hexagonal pyramid are both divided by 5.
Describe the effect on the surface area.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 3 Continued
3 in.

2 in.
original dimensions: base edge length and
slant height divided by 5:
1 1
S = 2 P + B S = 2 P + B

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 3 Continued
3 in.

2 in.

original dimensions: base edge length and

slant height divided by 5:

Notice that . If the

base edge length and slant height are divided by 5,
the surface area is divided by 52, or 25.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 3

The base edge length and slant height of the

regular square pyramid are both multiplied
by . Describe the effect on the surface area.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
8 ft

10 ft
original dimensions: multiplied by two-thirds:
1 1
S = 2 P + B S = 2 P + B

= 585 cm2 = 260 cm2

By multiplying the dimensions by two-thirds, the
surface area was multiplied by .
Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 4: Finding Surface Area of Composite Three-
Dimensional Figures

Find the surface area of the

composite figure.
Left-hand cone:
The lateral area of the cone is
L = rl = (6)(12) = 72 in2.

Right-hand cone:
Using the Pythagorean Theorem, l = 10 in.
The lateral area of the cone is
L = rl = (6)(10) = 60 in2.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 4 Continued

Find the surface area of the

composite figure.

Composite figure:
S = (left cone lateral area) + (right cone lateral area)
= 60 in2 + 72 in2 = 132 in2

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 4

Find the surface area of the

composite figure.
Surface Area of Cube
without the top side:
S = 4wh + B
S = 4(2)(2) + (2)(2) = 20 yd2

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued

Surface Area of Pyramid

without base:

Surface Area of Composite:

Surface of Composite = SA of Cube + SA of Pyramid

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 5: Manufacturing Application

If the pattern shown is used

to make a paper cup, what is
the diameter of the cup?
The radius of the large circle used to
create the pattern is the slant height
of the cone.

The area of the pattern is the lateral area of the

cone. The area of the pattern is also of the area
of the large circle, so

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Example 5 Continued

If the pattern shown is used

to make a paper cup, what is
the diameter of the cup?

Substitute 4 for , the

slant height of the
cone and the radius of
the large circle.

r = 2 in. Solve for r.

The diameter of the cone is 2(2) = 4 in.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 5

What if? If the radius of the large circle were

12 in., what would be the radius of the cone?
The radius of the large circle used to create the
pattern is the slant height of the cone.

The area of the pattern is the lateral area of the

cone. The area of the pattern is also of the area of
the large circle, so

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Check It Out! Example 5 Continued

What if? If the radius of the large circle were

12 in., what would be the radius of the cone?

Substitute 12 for , the slant

height of the cone and the
radius of the large circle.

r = 9 in. Solve for r.

The radius of the cone is 9 in.

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Lesson Quiz: Part I

Find the lateral area and surface area of

each figure. Round to the nearest tenth, if
necessary.
1. a regular square pyramid with base edge
length 9 ft and slant height 12 ft
L = 216 ft2; S = 297 ft2

2. a regular triangular pyramid with base edge

length 12 cm and slant height 10 cm
L = 180 cm2; S 242.4 cm2

Holt Geometry
10-5 Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Lesson Quiz: Part II

4. A right cone has radius 3 and slant height 5. The

radius and slant height are both multiplied by .
Describe the effect on the surface area.
The surface area is multiplied by .

5. Find the surface area of the composite figure.

Give your answer in terms of .
S = 24 ft2

Holt Geometry