BMM 2433

Electric & Electronics Technology

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Topic 4:
Resistance in Series & Parallel

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Lesson Outcome
At the end of this topic, students should be
able to:
Replace series or parallel combinations of
resistances by equivalent resistances.
Determine currents and voltages of circuits by
combining resistance in series and parallel

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Series Resistance

In series circuit, the current

across each element is the
same.

A series combination of
resistances has an
equivalent resistance equal
Figure 2-1 to the sum of the original
resistance.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Thus, we can conclude that 3 resistances in series can be
replaced by the equivalent resistance Req.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Determine:
v1, v2, v3

Using KVL,
v=?

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Substitute (2.1) ~(2.3) into (2.4), we obtain,

v= ? (2.5)

Factoring out the current i,

v=? (2.6)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 We can define the equivalent resistance Req
to be sum of the resistance in series, or
Req=R1+R2+R3

Such that we have

V=Reqi

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Parallel Resistance
In parallel circuit, the voltage across each
element is the same.

Figure 2.3

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Req =

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Applying Ohms Law in previous figure,
determine:
i1, i2, i3=?

Apply KCL to top node of the circuit,

I=?

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Network Analysis by using series and parallel
equivalents.
An electrical network consists of circuit
elements such as resistances, voltage sources,
and current sources, connected together to
form closed paths.

Network analysis is the process of determining

the current, voltage, and power for each
element.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Combining Resistances in Series & Parallel

Exercise 1:
find a single equivalent resistance for below
circuit.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Exercise 2.
find the equaivalent resistance for each of
networks.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Delta to Y Conversion

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Example 1

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Example 2

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Excercise

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Network Analysis By Using Series And Parallel
Equivalents
An electrical network consists of circuit
elements such as resistances, voltage
sources, and current sources, connected
together to form closed paths.
Network analysis is the process of
determining the current, voltage, and power
for each element.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Steps in solving circuits using series/parallel equivalents:
1) Begin by locating a combination of resistances that are in series or parallel.
2) Redraw the circuits with the equivalent resistance for the combination
found in Step 1.
3) Repeat Steps 1 and 2 until the circuits is reduced as far as possible.
4) Solve for the currents and voltages in the final equivalent circuit. Then,
transfer results back one step and solve for additional unknown currents
and voltages. Again transfer the results back one step and solve. Repeat
until all of the currents and voltages are known in the original circuit.
5) Check your results to make sure that KCL is satisfied at each node, KCL is
satisfied for each loop, and the powers add to zero.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Example:
Find the curret,voltage, and power for each
element of the circuit shown in below figure.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

 Solution.
1.combine resistances in series & parallel.
2.replace them with their equivalent
3.solve the simplified network
(Req is in parallel with Vs, voltage across Req
mus be 90 v.thus, i=90/30 = 3A)
4.transfer back the result to original circuit.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering