Professional Documents
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Oka Negara
Frontline Person for
tomorrow
Decision maker
Care giver
Communicator
Community leader
Manager
Five Level Prevention
(Leavel & Clark)
1.Health Promotion
2.Specific Protection
3.Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment
4.Disability Limitation
5.Rehabilitation
The 1st International Conference
on Health Promotion
1. Willingnes ( Mau )
2. Ability ( Mampu )
3. Maintenance (Memelihara Kesehatan)
4. Improvement (Meningkatkan Kesehatan)
Sasaran Promosi Kesehatan
Sasaran Primer
Sesuai misi pemberdayaan. Misal : kepala
keluarga, ibu hamil/menyusui, anak sekolah
Sasaran Sekunder
Sesuai misi dukungan sosial. Misal: Tokoh
masyarakat, tokoh adat, tokoh agama
Sasaran Tersier
Sesuai misi advokasi. Misal : Pembuat kebijakan
mulai dari pusat sampai ke daerah
Dimensi Aspek Sasaran Pelayanan
Kesehatan
1. Promotif
2. Preventif
3. Kuratif
4. Rehabilitatif
1. Promotif
ENVIRONMENT
HEALTHY BEHAVIORS
1.
1 Good nutrition
2. Enough sleep 6 8 hr/day
3. Hygiene and sanitation
4. Avoid hazards:
4.1. smoke, alcohol, drugs
4.2. helm, safety belt, safe sex
5. Regular exercise
6. Manage the stress
Health Education
Any combination of learning experiences
designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations
of behavior conducive to health.
(Green, Kreuter, Deeds, and Partridges study as cited in McKenzie & Smeltzer, 1997)
Learning theory and principles of
health behaviour.
Reinforcement
If the health behaviour is rewarding then the
behaviour is likely to continue. For example, a
child might be given a penny for brushing her
teeth.
Learning theory and principles of
health behaviour.
Extinction
The taking away of a reward might cause the
health behaviour to cease. For example, if the
child is no longer given a penny for brushing her
teeth, then she might stop; however smiling
should prove to be an effective substitute for the
money.
Learning theory and principles of
health behaviour.
Punishment
If good health behaviour is producing unpleasant
side-effects then the behaviour is likely to cease.
Modelling
Observing others - Bandura (1965).
Points about health behaviour:
Secondary Prevention
Preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and
prompt treatment of a disease, illness, or injury to limit
disability, impairment, or dependency and prevent
more severe pathogenesis.
(McKenzie & Smeltzer, 1997, p. 5)
Some Definitions
Tertiary Prevention
Preventive measures aimed at rehabilitation
following significant pathogenesis.
(McKenzie & Smeltzer, 1997, p. 5)
Target Population
The specific individual or group expected to
benefit from the health education or health
promotion effort, ie. Elderly, diabetics, parents,
teenagers, or individual patient.
......example: Primary Prevention
Genetic counselling. Future parents are able
to get important information about the
possibility of their future child being born with
a genetic disorder. Factors such as the age of
the parents and the results of biological tests
may be taken into account. Tests can be made
on the unborn foetus, but such techniques are
hazardous to the foetus.
Primary Prevention
Immunisation of children would also be a way
of preventing illnesses.
The analysis of questionnaires about health
behaviour could also be useful in helping
people to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention concerns identifying an illness
fairly early, before there has been much damage. It
used to be thought that an annual check-up would
identify imminent illnesses. The American cancer
society (1992) recommended that women should
have mammograms (breast x-ray), but recently, in
Britain, this practice has been called into question.
Tertiary Prevention
3P
Prepare / Play / Practice
APPETIZER
MAIN
COURSE
DESSERT
SAVI
Somatic
Audio Visual
Intelligence
ThankYou
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