Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus

School of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

“AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF VEHICLE IN SCHOOL ZONES

USING IR SENSOR”
Presentation

By
CH.SAICHANDAR 14WJ1A0470
B.DAMODHAR REDDY 14WJ1A0430
C.ABHISHEK 14WJ1A0423

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. S.SWETHA
Associate Professor
Outline
 Introduction to the Problem

 Literature Survey

 Objective of the Work

 Proposed Methodology

 Results and Discussions

 Visible Output

 References
 Introduction to the Problem

 Nowadays people
Digital image are isdriving
processing very
the use of fast,accidents
computer algorithms to are
occured
perform more frequently,and we lost our valuable lifeby
making small mistakes while driving. So to avoid such
kind of accidents,it is necessary to alert the driver to
contro the speed of the vehicle automatically.

 The main objective of this project is to develop LCD

signalling unit to indicate the zone to the vehicle and
control the speed.

 It is used to indicate the school or hospital zones as a

message to the vehicle to control the speed of the vehicle.
 Literature Survey
 Infrared Frequency (IR) is an upcoming technology which
has recently attracted the interest of the research community
because of the extraordinary benefits it offers over the other
existing identification and data capturing technologies.
 This chapter is formatted to review the existing IR literature
and explore the issues in the present IR systems since the
technology is still in its acceptance phase since the growth of
IR technology from 1900’s.
 The intended purpose of this chapter is to examine the
literature related to Infrared Frequency further extend academic
research, and providing an insight into some of the outstanding
and crucial issues hindering the growth of the IR technology.
 There is a strong need to address these issues in order to
provide a greater visibility and an increased product velocity of
the IR technology.

EXISTING SYSTEM -
In existing system, there is no such system to install sign
boards are fixed across the school and hospital zone for control
or manual person is maintain for controlling the traffic.

Disadvantages of Existing system

• Manual error while designing
• Human losses
• Human needs is increased
 Objective of the Work

 The project can be developed using 8051. Here we are using

a pair if IR transmitter, receiver pair to track the particular
zone and automatically reduce the vehicle speeds. This
information will be displayed on 16X2 LCD. At each and
every speed limiting zone it is placed with IR transmitter and
vehicle consists of a receiver to track and automatically reduce
the speed limit in vehicles. Once it crosses the particular area
automatically it gains normal speed.
 (.

Proposed Methodology
The project can be developed using AT89S52 microcontroller
unit. Here we are using a pair of IR transmitter,receiver pair to
track the particular school zone and hospital zone and
automatically reduce the vehicle speeds.The information will be
displayed on 16x2 LCD.At each and every speed limiting zone it
is placed with IR tranmitter and vehicle consists of a receiver to
track and automatically reduce the speed limit in vehicles.
once it crosses the particular area automatically it gains normal
speed. we are using a DC motor for symbolic representation of
vehicle

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Saves lot of time and power
• Easy process
• Making a kit is very simple
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power
Supply

IR TX
LCD

IR Rx
Buzzer
8051
Relay Micro
Controller

DCMotor
 DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
 According to block diagram the components used in project are
LCD with 8 data lines and 3 control lines,8 lines to port 0 and 3 lines
to port 2 as controller and step down transmitter is used and
transmitter IR is white LED and receiver is black LED and two
capacitor filters are present and bridge rectifier. DC motor is used
because it runs in normal condition.

 Electronic mechanic device to control driver circuit which drives

the circuit relay used as electro mechanic switch and converts 12V
from driver circuit. When any obstacle passes through the sensor
signals the buzzer will get on by logic 0 so that high speed is
indicated on the LED. When the obstacle is passed over, the sensor
signals get connected to each other so that the buzzer gets off by logic
1.
 POWER SUPPLY

The power supply section is the section which provide +5V

for the components to work i.e IC LM7805 is used.
The ac voltage, is connected to a transformer, which steps
down that ac voltage to the level of the desired dc output. A
diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that
is filtered by a capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. This
resulting dc voltage has some ripple or ac voltage variation.
A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also retains the
same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies.
 MICROCONTROLLER

 A Microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip used to control electronic

devices. A typical microcontroller contains all the memory and interfaces
needed for a simple application.
 A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit with the following key
features:
 central processing unit -
 input/output interfaces such as serial ports
 RAM for data storage
 ROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program storage
 clock generator
 DESCRIPTION
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash
memory.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of
Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-
vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator, and clock circuitry.
PIN DESCRIPTION
40 pin- VCC Supply voltage.
20 pin- GND Ground.
 Port 0 (pins 32-39)
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 can also be configured to be
the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and
data memory.
Port 1(pins 1-8)
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers
can source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by
the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs.
Port 1(pins 1-8)
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to
Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used
as inputs.
Port2(pins 21-28)
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to
Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used
as inputs.
Port 3(pins 10-17 )
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to
Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used
as inputs. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of
the AT89S52
RST
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device.
WR
It is active low write O/P control signal. During External RAM (Data memory). Write
to external RAM.
RD
It is active low read O/P control signal. During External RAM (Data memory). Read
from External RAM.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock
operating circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
ALE
Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte
of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the
program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. With the bit
set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction.
PSEN
Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program
memory. When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program
memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle.
EA
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable
the device to fetch code from external program memory locations
starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module.

These are easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special
& even custom char, animation and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2
such lines. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the
LCD. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The
data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.
 IR SENSOR
 In this project we are going to make a simple IR sensor which can
detect a object around 6-7 cm. IR sensor is nothing but a diode, which is
sensitive for infrared radiation. This infrared transmitter and receiver is
called as IR TX-RX pair.
WORKING OF IR
 Working principle is totally based on change in
resistance of IR receiver. Here in this sensor we connect
IR receiver in reverse bias so it give very high resistance
if it is not exposed to IR light. The resistance in this case
is in range of Mega ohms, but when IR light reflected
back and fall on IR receiver. We convert this change in
resistance to change in voltage . Then this voltage is
applied to a comparator IC which compare it with a
threshold level,if voltage of sensor is more than
threshold then output is high else it is low.
DC MOTOR
A DC motor in simple words is a device that converts direct
current into mechanical energy.
A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power. Two
examples of pure DC designs are Michael Faraday's homo-polar
motor (which is uncommon), and the ball bearing motor, which is
(so far) a novelty.

BUZZER
 A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic.
It most commonly consists of a number of switches or sensors
connected to a control unit that determines if and which button
was pushed or a preset time has lapsed, and sounds a warning in
the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping
sound.

RELAY
A relay is an electromechanical switch, which perform ON and
OFF operations without any human interaction.Relays are used
where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
 Results and Visible Outputs
When the vehicle enters in school zone, the presence of the school
will be indicated by the transmitter. This indication will be
received by the receiver and it shows the message on the display
as shown in fig. So the driver can slow down the speed.
 When the vehicle enters in school zone, the indication will send by the
transmitter. This indication will be received by receiver and the message will be
shown on display. When the vehicle enters in the speed limit zone having the
speed limit of 80km/h, if the speed of vehicle is above 80km/h then indication
will be shown on the display as shown in above to slow down the speed of
vehicle. Even after indication, if the speed will remain same then it will be
automatically slow down to the limit of 20km/h.
When the vehicle enters in the speed limit zone having the speed limit of
20km/h, if the speed of vehicle is above 20km/h then indication will be shown
on the display as shown in above fig no 2to slow down the speed of vehicle.
Even after indication, if the speed will remain same then it will be
automatically slow down to the limit of 20km/h.
 Conclusion

The prototype work “AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF VEHICLE AT

SCHOOL ZONES USING IR SENSOR” has been successfully designed and
tested. Integrating features of all the components have used developed .
Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus
contributing the best working of the unit. However, many drivers are not
aware of the limitation of their systems, which raise safety concerns. The
misunderstandings evidenced in the study, such as the false assumption that
system will help avoiding the collisions with a stopped vehicle. Based on the
potential safety benefits and problems more research is needed to determine
the overall safety impact of these systems. The future scope of the system is
implementation on hardware.We can also include buzzers, indication lights
and can set speed by using keyboard and keyboard encoder. Secondly using
highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has
been implemented successfully.
 References
[1] W.-H. Lee, B.-S.Jeng, S.-S.Tseng, and C.-H. Wang, ―Electronic
tollcollection based on vehicle-positioning system techniques, in Proc. IEEE
Int. Conf. Networking, Sensing, and Control, Taipei, Taiwan,R.O.C., Mar. 21–
23, 2004, pp. 643 648.
[2] C.M. Roberts, “Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),” Computers
&Security, Elsevier, 2006.
[3] James J. Barbelllo. Handbook for parallel port design.PromptPublications,
1999.
[4] Andy Flessner. Autolt v3: Your Quick Guide. O’Reilly Media, 2007.
THANK YOU