You are on page 1of 19

IBERIAN

PENINSULA
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula
INTRODUCTION
The Iberian Peninsula also known as Iberia is
located in the southwest corner of Europe.
The peninsula is principally divided
between Portugal and Spain, comprising most
of their territory. It also includes Andorra, and
a small part of France along the peninsula's
northeastern edge, as well as Gibraltar on its
south coast, a small peninsula that forms
an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
With an area of approximately
582,000 km2 (225,000 sq mi), it is the second
largest European peninsula, after
the Scandinavian.
HISTORY
ROMAN RULE:-

In 218 BC, during the Second Punic War against the


Carthaginians, the first Roman troops invaded the Iberian
Peninsula; however, it was not until the reign
of Augustus that it was annexed after two centuries of war
with the Celtic and Iberian tribes and the Phoenician, Greek
and Carthaginian colonies. The result was the creation of the
province of Hispania. It was divided into Hispania
Ulterior and Hispania Citerior during the late Roman
Republic, and during the Roman Empire, it was divided
into Hispania Tarraconensis in the northeast, Hispania
Baetica in the south and Lusitania in the southwest.
GERMANIC AND BYZANTINE RULE
In the early fifth century, Germanic peoples invaded the
peninsula, namely the Suebi, the Vandals and their allies,
the Alans. Only the kingdom of the Suebi would endure
after the arrival of another wave of Germanic invaders,
the Visigoths, who conquered all of the Iberian Peninsula and
expelled or partially integrated the Vandals and the Alans.
The Visigoths eventually conquered the Suebi kingdom and
its capital city, Bracara (modern day Braga), in 584–585.
They would also conquer the province of the Byzantine
Empire (552–624) of Spania in the south of the peninsula and
the Balearic Islands.
ISLAMIC CALIPHATE

In 711, a Muslim army invaded the Visigothic


Kingdom in Hispania. Under Tariq ibn Ziyad,
the Islamic army landed at Gibraltar and, in
an eight-year campaign, occupied all except
the northern kingdoms of the Iberian
Peninsula in the Umayyad conquest of
Hispania.
GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
The Iberian Peninsula is the westernmost of the three major
southern European peninsulas—the Iberian, Italian,
and Balkan. It is bordered on the southeast and east by
the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north, west, and
southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The Pyrenees mountains
are situated along the northeast edge of the peninsula,
where it adjoins the rest of Europe. Its southern tip is very
close to the northwest coast of Africa, separated from it by
the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea.About
three quarters of that rough octagon is the Meseta Central, a
vast plateau ranging from 610 to 760 m in altitude. It is
located approximately in the centre, staggered slightly to
the east and tilted slightly toward the west. It is ringed by
mountains and contains the sources of most of the rivers,
which find their way through gaps in the mountain barriers
on all sides.
RIVERS
The major rivers flow through the wide valleys between the
mountain systems. These are
the Ebro, Douro, Tagus, Guadiana and Guadalquivir. All rivers in
the Iberian Peninsula are subject to seasonal variations in flow.

MOUNTAINS
The terrain of the Iberian Peninsula is largely mountainous. The major
mountain systems are:
 The Pyrenees and their foothills, the Pre-Pyrenees
 The Cantabrian Mountains
 The Galicia
 The Sistema Ibérico
 The Sistema Central
 The Sierra Morena
 The Baetic System
CLIMATE
The Iberian peninsula has two dominant climate types. One
of these is the oceanic climate seen in the Atlantic coastal
region resulting in evenly temperatures with relatively cool
summers. However, most of Portugal and Spain have
a mediterranean climate with various precipitation and
temperatures depending on latitude and position versus the
sea. There are also more localized semi-arid climates in
central Spain, with temperatures resembling a more
continental mediterranean climate. In other extreme cases
highland alpine climates such as in Sierra Nevada and areas
with extremely low precitipation and desert
climates nor semi-arid climates such as
the Almería area, Murcia area and southern Alicante area. In
the Spanish interior the hottest temperatures in Europe are
found, with Córdoba averaging around 37 °C (99 °F) in July.
MAJOR CITIES
 Madrid Spain
 Barcelona Spain
 Valencia Spain
 Seville Spain
 Zaragoza Spain
 Malaga Spain
 Lisbon Portugal
 Murcia Spain
 Bilbao Spain
 Alicante Spain
 Cordoba Spain
 Valladolid Spain
 Vigo Spain
 VilaNova de Gaia Portugal
 Gijon Spain
 L Hospitalet Spain
 A Coruna Spain
 Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
 Porto Portugal
 Granada Spain
NATIVE FOOD
 The traditional Spanish diet is rooted in the products of an agrarian,
pastoral, and horticultural society. Principal staples are bread (wheat
is preferred); legumes (chickpeas, Old and New World beans, lentils);
rice; garden vegetables; cured pork products; lamb and veal (and
beef, in many regions only recently sought after); eggs; barnyard
animals (chickens, rabbits, squabs); locally available wild herbs,
game, fish, and shellfish; saltfish (especially cod and congereel);
olives and olive oil; orchard fruits and nuts; grapes and wine made
from grapes; milk of cows, sheep, and/or goats and cured milk
products and dishes (cured cheeses and fresh curd); honey and
Spanish-grown condiments (parsley, thyme, oregano, paprika, saffron,
onions, garlic). Home production of honey is today mostly eclipsed by
use of sugarcane and sugar-beet products, which have been
commercialized in a few areas. Most important among the garden
vegetables are potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, carrots, cabbages and
chard, green peas, asparagus, artichokes and vegetable thistle
(cardo), zucchini squash, and eggplant. Important orchard fruits
besides olives are oranges and lemons, quinces, figs, cherries,
peaches, apricots, plums, pears, apples, almonds, and walnuts.
WHAT IS THE DRESSING?
 Spanish clothing styles influenced the world and
traditional Spanish clothing was widely known for its
elegance and decoration. As the Habsburg Spain grew in
power, Spanish fashions such as Spanish capes, corsets
and farthingales became popular all over Western
Europe. Farthingales were bell-shaped hoop skirts made
up of whalebone, cloth and intricate cages of wire
underneath women’s clothes. The style was cumbersome
for Renaissance women and it took them hours to get
dressed.
 . The color black became popular for special events and
both men and women wore heavy gold necklaces with
precious stones.
 Most traditional Spanish clothing:- 1)Mantilla 2)Peineta
3)Gilet
LIFESTYLE OF PEOPLE
 Naming conventions:
 Children in Spain are given a first name which is then followed by the
paternal surname and then the mother’s surname.
 There is no concept of a middle name although the first name is
sometimes a composite of two names - eg: José Luis
 Women do not change their name when they marry.

 Meeting & Greeting:
 When introduced expect to shake hands.
 Once a relationship is established, men may embrace and pat each
other on the shoulder.
 Female friends kiss each other on both cheeks, starting with the left.
 People are often referred to as Don or Dona and their first name when
in formal occasion as a general rule.
 Many men use a two-handed shake where the left hand is placed on
the right forearm of the other person.

EFFORTS BY:-
JAY ;PRANSHU ;DHRUVI ;MANASVI

You might also like