PLL Implementation with

Simlink and Matlab

Project 2
ECE283
Fall 2004
 Simulink in MATLAB
• Graphic user interface
• Continuous, discrete, and
mixed mode
• Integration with MATLAB
• Fast prototyping
• User-defined functions
• How to run it
– >>simulink
Simulink main screen – Or click simulink icon
 Graphic User Interface
• Make a new model window
• Expand library
• Drag and drop
• Connect blocks
• Simulate
• Visualize
• Tuning

Simulink built-in library

 Make a model
• New model
• Open library
• Drag blocks
• Connect
• Source and sink
• Example:AmModEx.mdl

Amplitude modulation
 Simulation
• Tune
– Simulation time
– Relative tolerance
– Refine factor
– Etc
• Simulate
• Example:AmModEx.mdl

Simulation parameters
 Visualization
• Double click scope
• Options on signal source
and sink
– External files
– Workspace variables
• Example:AmModEx.mdl

Simulation output scope

 Subsystem
• Subsystem for modular
programming
• How to make it
– Subsystem library
– Subsystem conversion
Ports and subsystem library • Example:AmModEx.mdl

Triggered subsystem
 Getting Help
• Need help?
– MATLAB and Simulink help
– Mathworks user community
– Mathwork technical support

Simulink help screen

 PLL Implementation
• Sampler
• Voltage controlled clock
• Voltage controlled
oscillator
• Feedback loop

Decision-directed phase-locked loop

 Sampler
• Options
– Triggered subsystem
– User-defined function
– Others
• Latched and unlatched
Latched and unlatched trigger example – Matters with discrete-time signals
– Almost same with continuous-time
signals except for feedback
• Example:TriggerEx1.mdl
• Subsystem examples
 Integration
• Initiailization
– Matched filter
– Correlator
• External triggering
• Example:IntegratorE
x.mdl

Integration block parameters

 S-function
• User-defined function
written in MATLAB, etc.
• One input and one output
– scalar, vector, matrix, etc.
• Static parameters
• R14 provides more options
for user-defined function

User-defined functions library

 S-function Operation
• Initialization
• Calculate outputs
• Update discrete states
• Calculate derivatives
• Integration
– Calculate outputs
– Calculate derivatives
• MATLAB example code
sfuntmpl.m is in
matlabroot/toolbox/si
mulink/blocks

S-function operation diagram

 Example Code
• Flag 0: Initialization
• Flag 1: Calculation of
derivatives
• Flag 2: Update of discrete
states
• Flag 3: Calculation of
output
• Flag 4: Calculation of next
sample hit
• Flag 9: End of simulation
tasks
function [sys,x0,str,ts] =
VCO(t,x,u,flag,FreqCntr)
%VCO
switch flag,
case 0,% Initialization
[sys,x0,str,ts]=VCOInit;
case 1,% Derivatives
sys=VCODeriv(t,x,u);
case 2,% Update
sys=VCOUpdate(t,x,u);
case 3,% Outputs
sys=VCOOutput(t,x,u,FreqCntr);
case 4,% GetTimeOfNextVarHit
sys=VCPNextHit(t,x,u);
case 9,% Terminate
sys=VCOExit(t,x,u);
otherwise % Unexpected flags
End
 S-function Initialization
function [sys,x0,str,ts]=VCOInit
sizes = simsizes; • Define necessary
sizes.NumContStates = ; – Internal states (continuous
sizes.NumDiscStates = ;
sizes.NumOutputs = ; and discrete-time)
sizes.NumInputs = ; – Number of inputs
sizes.DirFeedthrough = ;
sizes.NumSampleTimes = ; – Number of outputs
% at least one sample time is
needed – Initial conditions
sys = simsizes(sizes);
x0 = [];
% initialize the initial conditions
str = [];
% str is always an empty matrix
ts = [0 0];
% initialize the array of sample
times
 S-function Output
function [sys,x0,str,ts] =
VCO(t,x,u,flag,FreqCntr,Phase • T: time
,Gain)
switch flag,
• X: state
…………… • U: input
case 3,% Outputs
…………… • Flag: computation mode
sys=VCOOutput(t,x,u,FreqCntr,
Phase,Gain); • Static parameters
End

……………
function
sys=VCOOutput(t,x,u,FreqCntr,
Phase,Gain)
sys =
Gain*cos(2*pi*(FreqCntr+u)*t+
Phase);
 S-function Instantiation
• Drag and drop S-function
system block to a model
• Double click the block to
specify the script name and
static parameters
S-function instance • Example:
VCOSfuncEx.mdl

S-function block parameters

 Discussions on PLL
Decision-directed PLL diagram
• Modulation frequency
• Number of waves per symbol
• Low-pass filter
• Simulation length
• Symbol feedback delay
• Evaluation
• Timing error
• Capture range
• Loop lock range
• Effect of symbol error
• Effect of signal noise