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Dead Loads:
Weight of the platform structure in air incl:weight of piles, grout, & ballast
Weight of appurtenant structures permanently mounted on the platform
Hydrostatic forces acting on the structure below the water line incl: external
pressure &bouyancy
Functional loads:
Operating Loads: Fluid, contents in piping and equipment
Live Loads: the loads imposed during its use and may change during a
mode of operation: static or dynamic functional loads arising form personnel,
helicopter, maintenance loads, etc.
Environmental Loads: arise from the action of wave, currents and
winds on the structure
Seismic loads: arise as result of the ground motion
Accidental Loads: arise as result of accident or abuse or exceptional
conditions: boat impact, dropped objects, etc
Consctructions Loads: resulting from fabrication, load out,
transportation & installation
Dynamic Loads: loads imposed due to response to an excitation of a
cyclic nature as wave, wind, earthquake, etc.
LOADING CONDITIONS
The environmental conditions combined with appropriate dead
and live loads
Operational (Normal) Condition:
1-year return period environmental loads
Allowable stresses max 1.0
Storm Condition
100-year return period environmental loads
Allowable stresses: increased by 1/3
Seismic Condition
Consider the effects of all gravity loads in combinations with
simulatanous and collinear of loads due to ground motion
Allowable stresses: increased by 70%
Accidental Loads
Consider the effects of collision loads and due to dropped
obejcts
Allowable stresses: increased by 1/3
For local design of elements, a dynamic load factor of 2.0 shall
be used
DESIGN CODES
API RP 2A WSD OR LRFD
Recommended Practice Planning, designing and
Constructing of Fixed Offshore Platform
AISC
Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress
Design
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code
API RP 2L
Recommended Practice Planning, Designing and
Construction Heliport for Fixed Offshore Platform
DESIGN LOADS – WAVE & CURRENT LOADS
1 2
B
WAVE PARAMETER
Wave Kinematic factor:
Consider wave directional spreading or irregularity in wave
profile shape
Tropical storm: 0.85 – 0.95
Extra tropical storm: 0.95 – 1.0
Current Blockage Factor:
Reducing current speed due to the presence of the structure
Marine Growth: Increased in cross sectional area
Drag and Inertia Coefficient, depend on:
Reynold Number : R = Um D/ν
K-C number : K = 2 Um T2/D
Roughness : e = k/D
Current/Wave velcity : r = V1/Vmo
Member Orientation
CURRENT BLOCKAGE FACTOR
# of
legs Heading factor
3 All 0.90
End-on 0.80
4 Diagonal 0.85
Broadside 0.80
End-on 0.75
6 Diagonal 0.85
Broadside 0.80
End-on 0.70
8 Diagonal 0.85
Broadside 0.80
CONDUCTOR SHIELDING FACTOR