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SUBSTATION OVERVIEW

Power system analysis Seminar


Prepared by :Barhav Sarbast
Date :14/1/2014
What is a substation?

An electrical
substation takes
electricity from a
very high voltage
and lowers it to the
voltage we use in our
homes & businesses
TYPE OF SUBSTATION
 Classification based on voltage levels, e.g. : A.C.
Substation : EHV,HV, MV, ELV,LV; Substation.
 Classification based on Outdoor or Indoor : Outdoor
substation is under open sky. Indoor substation is inside a
building.
 Classification based on transformer :

Substation which change the voltage level


 Classification based on frequency :

Substation which change the supply frequency


 Classification based on converter :

Substation which change ac to dc


SUBSTATION PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS

 Incoming Lines
 Outgoing Lines

 Distribution bus

 Transformers

 Substation Equipment such as Circuit-beakers


 Controlhouse
 Voltage regulator

 Switch gear
Building

Conference room etc.


Battery Room
Operator room
Check and change room
Adjacent maintenance room
ECC room
Transformer part
CHARGER

 Input voltage
 output voltage
 Application
 Protection
 Metering
 Indication
 Alarms
 Auto operation
Standard voltage
Type Voltage

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE Up to 50V AC/DC

LOW VOLTAGE 50-1000V AC/DC

MEDIUM VOLTAGE ABOVE 1000V AC/DC UPTO 6.6KV AC

HIGH VOLTAGE ABOVE 6.6KV AC TO 33 KV AC

EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE ABOVE 33KV AC TO 400 KV AC

ULTRA HIGH VOLTAGE ABOVE 400 KV AC TO 765 KV AC


EARTHING
 The following steps, when put into practice, will ensure a reliable,
safe and trouble-free substation grounding system:
 Size conductors for anticipated faults
 Use the right connections
 Ground rod selection
 Soil preparation
 Grounding using building foundations
 Grounding the substation fence
 Special attention to operating points
 Surge arrestors must be grounded properly
 Grounding of cable trays
 Temporary grounding of normally energized parts
Earthing .....contd
Cabling
 Depth of the trench 750
mm for cables up to 1.1KV
 Depth of the trench 1200
mm for cables up to 1.1KV
 Sand - covered with 150
mm
 Width of the trench - 350
mm minimum
 Loop –approximate -3
meter each side
THANK YOU

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