PMIC

Power Management Integrated Circuit

Alipio Carvalho (alipio.c)

SIDIA – Hardware Team
 Introduction

This Explanation approaches the main concepts about

PMIC, Its Blocks, Functions and Systems.

Convergence of Technologies
High Level Phone Building Blocks
Mobile Block
Mobile Samsung Board
Mobile Block Diagram
Mobile Block Diagram – Power Rails
PMIC (Power Management IC)

What are its main tasks?

- Input power (battery, charger, USB)
- Output power (SMPS, LDO, charge pump) ; DVFS
- IC interface (PA control, GPIO)
- General housekeeping by internal CLKs
- User Interface (LED, LCD, Vibrator, Headset, Speaker)
Mobile Typical Block Diagram
PMIC (Power Management IC)

From voltage islands to embedded voltage regulators

PMIC (Power Management IC)

Converters
- Low-Dropout Linear Regulators (LDO)
- Step-down (Buck) Converters
- Step-up (Boost) Converters
PMIC (Power Management IC)

Power Conversion – Linear x Switching Regulators

PMIC (Power Management IC)

Typical Power Source Options

PMIC (Power Management IC)

DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling)

- Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a feature

that adjusts the clock frequency and operating voltage of a
processor on the fly.

- When DVFS technology is applied, a processor reduces

additional power consumption caused by unnecessarily high
clock frequency when the system load is low, and therefore the
processor achieves significant energy savings
PMIC (Power Management IC)

DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling)

- Energy is proportional to f and V, DVS can potencially to

provide significant energy savings through frequency and
voltage scaling
PMIC (Power Management IC)

DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling)

PMIC (Power Management IC)

DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling)

PMIC (Power Management IC)

DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling)

High Level S/W Architecture

Basic Energy Management System : Energy Management

System (EMS) employs techniques to minimize the drain from
the battery or other limited power source. The diagram shows a
basic EMS solution comprising three parts:

1. The Platform Hardware with various power managed

components (PMC).

2. Performance Estimator employing dynamic voltage and

frequency scaling (DVFS) and other power saving algorithms.

3. Performance Setter that maps the estimations to specific

platform operating points (OP), i.e. combinations of PMC
settings
High Level S/W Architecture

DVFS and DPTC: High Level S/W Architecture

Battery Management

Smart Batteries Pack

Battery Management

Energy Density
Battery Management

Structure
Battery Management

Structure Failure
Battery Management

- Fuel Gauges
- Charging
- Protection
- Authentication
Battery Management

Fuel Gauges
- To determine the SOC (State of Charge) using a dynamic
voltage based battery gauge, which measures the battery
voltage over time, and uses the dynamic voltage
measurements in combination with a battery model to
calculate the relative SOC (State of Charge).
Battery Management

Battery Chargers
- Ideal for 1000mAh batteries Up to 1.2A current charger Ics
Auto power path management

- Ideal for 2,000mAh or larger battery capacity

Up to 4.0A high current charger Ics Up to 30V wide input
charger ICs
PMIC for Energy-Harvesting

- Energy harvesting is the process by which energy is derived

from external sources (e.g. solar or light energy, thermal energy,
and kinetic energy) and stored for small, wireless autonomous
devices.

- Energy Harvesting Devices (EHDs) provide a very small

amount of power for low-energy electronics.

- Piezoelectric and electromagnetic EHDs generate AC power

from kinetic energy such as vibration. They can generate large
amounts of power with high voltage, but the challenge for these
EHDs is to provide a vibration source of constant predictable
frequency.
PMIC for Energy-Harvesting

- An Energy Harvesting PMIC is part of an Energy Harvesting

System (EHS) that includes the EHD and a Storage Device.
- The PMIC receives the intermittent, very low-energy
generated by the EHD and transforms that energy for storage in
the Storage Device
- The Storage Device, which is typically a battery, conventional
capacitor, or supercapacitor, then is connected to the rest of the
system, providing the power needed to operate
PMIC for Energy-Harvesting

Wireless Charging
PMIC for Energy-Harvesting

Power Density of Energy Harvesting