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    Ritu Agrawal
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    Indus Valley Civilization 7,000 BCE - 1,500 BCE Houses were made of bricks and timber Houses had rooms around and Main cities were Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Kalib open patio Towns were on a grid pattern with drainage and sewage systems First urban city around 2000 BCE Buddhist and Rock-Cut Architecture 1,500 BCE - 200 CE Karle Caves Cave Architecture, Rock-cut Architecture, Stupas and Pagodas Building as a massive sculpture Interior are inferior

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    Indus Valley Civilization 7,000 BCE - 1,500 BCE Houses were made of bricks and timber Houses had rooms around and Main cities were Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Kalib open patio Towns were on a grid pattern with drainage and sewage systems First urban city around 2000 BCE Buddhist and Rock-Cut Architecture 1,500 BCE - 200 CE Karle Caves Cave Architecture, Rock-cut Architecture, Stupas and Pagodas Building as a massive sculpture Interior are inferior

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    846 views22 pages

    Indian Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Ritu Agrawal
    Indus Valley Civilization 7,000 BCE - 1,500 BCE Houses were made of bricks and timber Houses had rooms around and Main cities were Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Kalib open patio Towns were on a grid pattern with drainage and sewage systems First urban city around 2000 BCE Buddhist and Rock-Cut Architecture 1,500 BCE - 200 CE Karle Caves Cave Architecture, Rock-cut Architecture, Stupas and Pagodas Building as a massive sculpture Interior are inferior

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    of 22

    Indian Architecture

    A History

    HARI Vidya Bhavan

    May 9th 2010


    Architecture is…

    “Shilpa-ShaStra”

    “ T h e a rt a n d scie n ce
    o f d e sig n in g b u ild in g s
    a n d o th e r p h ysica l
    stru ctu re s”
    Think of Architecture as…

    Objects of Works of Symbols of


    Art Engineering Politics &
    Culture
    Timeline : India & The World
    Before Common Era (BCE) Common Era (CE)

    2000
    3000

    2000

    1000

    1000
    4000

    0
    Mohenjo - daro &
    Indus ✪
    Harappa
    Valley
    Sanc Kailashna
    Buddhist & Rock Cut hi ✪✪
    th

    Hampi
    MIDDLE AGES: Dravidian & Vijayanagar ✪
    Qutu TAJ
    Hindu b
    Indo-Islamic & Mughal ✪ ✪

    Colonial

    India Modern

    Colosseum
    Rest of the World (80 CE) Manchu Pichu
    (1450 CE) Tudor
    Rome Est. (753
    BCE) (1600s
    ✪
    Europe / Africa ✪ ✪✪ ✪ ✪ ✪✪
    Great Mayan Greeks Great Wall
    Pyramids of Civilizatio invaded of China Mesa Verde (600-1300) Washington DC
    Egypt n (1000 India (15 CE) (1800 )
    (2556 BCE ) BCE) (326 BCE )
    USA ✪ ✪✪
    St Augustine (1531)
    Jamestown (1600)
    Indus Valley
    Civilization
     7,000 BCE – 1,500 BCE

     Houses were made of bricks &


    timber

     Houses had rooms around and


    open patio Main cities were Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Kalib

     Towns were on a grid pattern First urban city around 2000 BCE
    with drainage & sewage
    systems

     Public buildings - Citadel,


    Great Bath, Granaries
    Buddhist &
    Rock-Cut
    Architecture
     1,500 BCE – 200 CE
    Karle Caves

    Elevation
     Cave Architecture, Rock-cut
    Architecture, Stupas &
    Pagodas

     Building as a massive
    sculpture
    Plan
     Interior are inferior
    compared to majestic
    exteriors

     Post and Beam construction


    Buddhist Architecture: Sanchi Complex

    Commissioned by Ashoka the Great



    Religious significance to the
    Buddhist

    Circular shapes for “Pradakshana”

    Built with Stone Masonry

    Sanchi complex was built in 3 BCE:


    Stupas “Domes of HEAVEN”
    Monastaries
    Temples
    Rock-Cut Architecture

    Carved out of a Cliff: Kailashnath Temple, Ellora


    Middle Ages:
    Dravidian
     200 CE-1526CE

     Principle style reflected in


    pyramid shaped temples,
    intricate stone carving

     Layout based on Vastu


    Shastra, the Hindu system
    of design, based on
    directional alignment

     Carvings from religious text-


    Vedas, Ramayana and
    Mahabharata
    Brahadeshwara Temple, Tanjore
    1000 CE
    Dravidian Temples
    Vimanam over the
    Inner Sanctum
    Gopuram,
    Entrance
    Spire

    Pillared
    Halls
    Water tank Mantapam

    Outer Wall Virupakha Temple,


    Hampi
    Middle Ages: Vijayanagar, 1000 CE

    Elephant Stables Temple

    Hampi, Karnataka

    Three Types of Architecture:


    Military
    Religious
    Civic Architecture

    Lotus Mahal
    Indo-Islamic &
    Mughal Architecture

     1,100-1,800 CE

     Influences: Persian & Hindu


     Symmetry: Perfect radial &
    bilateral
     Arches: Extensive use of pointed
    arches
    Humayun’s Tomb
     Decoration: Geometric, use of
    Calligraphy
    India, Pakistan,
     Materials: Red sandstone with Bangladesh
    marble inlays or precious
    stones Fatehpur Sikri, Agra,
    Delhi
     Gardens: Pools, canals, flower
    beds were geometric & Lahore, Dhaka
    Indo-Islamic: Qutub Minar

    First major Islamic structure


    in India

    Ascent of the Crescent!


    INDO-ISLAMIC: Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur

    Built in 1659 CE by
    Sultan Mohammed, it is
    one of the largest dome
    structure in the world

    Designers invented a
    construction method of
    “intersecting arches” to
    create vast interior space

    Has a Whispering Gallery


    Mughal Architecture

    Fatehpur
    Sikri –
    “Victory
    Mughal Architecture: Key Features
    Latticework Calligraphy

    “Pietra Durra” – Inlay Work


    Taj Mahal: Ode to Love

    Taj Mahal

    Garden
    “Teardrop on the cheek of eternity”
    Colonial

     From 1,800 – 1947 CE

     Indo-Saracenic – British
    Architectural style
    combining Indo-Islamic,
    Italian neo-classic, Gothic
    Architecture
    Municipal buildings, Winter
     Use of sandstone, concrete, Capitals, Courthouses,
    plaster, glass Railway Stations, Colleges,
    Museums, Town halls,
     Many, many architectural Townships
    details – Arches, overhangs,
    pavilions, vaulted roofs, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
    cupolas, spires, chattris,
    jalis

     “GRAND SCALE ”
    Colonial Architecture: Lutyen’s New Delhi

    Rashtrapati Bhavan

    India Gate

    Supreme Court Cannaught Place


    Colonial Architecture: Gothic Influences

    Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai (1887


    CE)
    Places to see
    great architecture in India
    North & Middle East & Northeast

    Agra & Fatehpur Sikri (Mughal) Nalanda (Buddhist)


    Chandigarh (Modern) Sanchi (Buddhist)
    Khajuraho (Middle Age) Calcutta (Mughal, Colonial)
    New Delhi (Mughal, Colonial, 

    Modern)
    Simla (Colonial)
    Srinagar (Mughal) South


    West Bangalore (Colonial)
    Hampi (Vijayanagar)
    Ahmadabad (Modern) Hyderabad (Indo-Islamic)
    Ajanta & Ellora (Rock – Cut) Kanchipuram (Dravidian)
    Goa (Portugese) Madurai (Dravidian)
    Jaipur (Indo-Islamic, Hindu) Pondicherry (French)
    Mumbai (Art Deco, Colonial) Sun Temples, Konarak
    Udaipur & Jaiselmer (Indo- (Dravidian )
    Islamic, Hindu) Tanjore (Dravidian)

    Trivandrum (Dravidian)
    What have we learned?

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