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UDSM MBEYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND

ALLIED SCIENCE (MUCHAS)

HIV&AIDS

By HAJI OMARI
OUTLINE
 1 Introduction
 2 Background
 3 Problem statement
 4 Severity of HIV
 5 Goals of WHO and MoH
 6 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
 HIV- Human Immunodeficiency virus
 AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
 Two types of HIV known
1. HIV 1- dominate world wide
2. HIV 2- commonly in west Africa
Background
 AIDS was first recognized in the United
States in 1981 as a new disease entity in
homosexual men. Twenty years later,
AIDS had become a worldwide epidemic
that continues to expand.
 The Joint United Nations Program on
HIV/AIDS estimated that by the end of
2017, a total of 30.8-42.9 million people
worldwide will live with HIV/AIDS, the
majority having been infected by
heterosexual contact
Severity of HIV&AIDS
20.9 million people were accessing
antiretroviral therapy in June 2017
36.6 million people globally were living with
HIV in 2016
1.8 million people become new infected with
HIV in 2016
17.8 million women living with HIV in 2016
2.1 million children living with HIV in 2016
IN TANZANIA
Overview of Course of HIV
Infection
 Following primary infection, there is a 4- to
11-day period between mucosal infection
and initial viremia; the viremia is
detectable for about 8–12 weeks.
 Virus is widely disseminated throughout
the body during this time, and the
lymphoid organs become seeded.
 An acute mononucleosis- like syndrome
develops in many patients (50–75%) 3–6
weeks after primary infection.
Overview of Course of HIV
Infection
 There is a significant drop in numbers of
circulating CD4 T cells at this early time.
 An immune response to HIV occurs 1
week to 3 months after infection, plasma
viremia drops, and levels of CD4 cells
rebound. However, the immune response
is unable to clear the infection completely,
and HIV-infected cells persist in the lymph
nodes
Natural progression of HIV
disease
STRUCTURE OF HIV
Control Measures
1.Almost all persons will remain infected for life
and will develop the disease, if untreated

2. Although asymptomatic, infected individuals


may transmit HIV to others. Regular medical
evaluation and follow-up are advised.

3. Infected persons should refrain from donating


blood, plasma, body organs, other tissues, or
sperm.
Control Measures
 4. There is a risk of infecting others by sexual
intercourse (vaginal or anal), by oral–genital
contact, or by sharing of needles. The
consistent and proper use of condoms can
reduce transmission of the virus, although
protection is not absolute
 5. Toothbrushes, razors, and other implements
that could become contaminated with blood
should not be shared
Control Measures
 6. Women with seropositive sexual
partners are themselves at increased risk
of acquiring HIV. If they become pregnant,
their offspring are at high risk of acquiring
HIV, if untreated.

 7. After accidents that result in bleeding,


contaminated surfaces should be cleaned
CONCLUSION
 Studies reported in 2010 and 2011
showed that antiretroviral drugs, including
tenofovir could be highly effective at
preventing HIV transmission and new
infections.
 Thus, pre exposure prophylaxis with
treatment drugs adds a new strategy to
HIV prevention efforts
CONCLUSION
 Zidovudine (azidothymidine; AZT) can
significantly reduce the transmission of
HIV from mother to infant.
 A regimen of AZT therapy of the mother
during pregnancy and during the birth
process and of the baby after birth
reduced the risk of perinatal transmission
by 65–75% (from about 25% to less than
2%)
THANK YOU

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