 Computer Network: A Network is a collection of

independent computers that communicate with

one another over a shared network medium.
 A computer network is a collection of two or
more connected computers. When these
computers are connected in a network, people
can share files and peripherals such as modems,
printers, tape backup drives or CD-ROM drives.
 When networks at multiple locations are
connected, people can send e-mail, share links to
the global internet or conduct video conferences
in real time with other remote users.
Networks are used for the following reasons:
 Resource sharing: The goal is to make all programs,
equipment and data available to anyone on the network
without regard to the physical location of the resources
and the user.

 High reliability: The goal is to provide alternative sources

of supply. For example, all files could be replicated on
two or three machines, so if one of them is unavailable
due to hardware failure, the other copies could be used.

 Communication Medium: It is easy for two or more

people who live far apart to write a report together.
When one worker makes a change to an on-line
document, the other can see the change immediately,
instead of waiting several days for a letter
Every network includes:
 At least two computers: server or client
workstation
 Networking Interface card (NIC)
 A connection medium, usually a wire or cable,
although wireless communication between
networked computers and peripherals are also
possible.
 Network Operating system software such as
Microsoft Windows NT or 2000. Novell NetWare,
UNIX and Linux
Advantages Of Networking:

 Speed: Sharing and transferring files within networks are very rapid. Thus
saving time, while maintaining the integrity of the file.

 Cost: individually licensed copies of many popular software programs can

be costly. Networkable versions are available at considerable savings.
Shared programs, on a network allows for easier upgrading of the
program on one single file server, instead of upgrading individual
workstations.

 Security: Files and programs on a network are password protected (i.e.,

provide access to authorized users only) or designated as “copy inhibit”,
so that you do not have to worry about illegal copying of programs.

 Centralized Software Management: Software can be loaded on one

computer (the server) eliminating the need to spend time and energy
installing updates and tracking files on independent computers
throughout the building.

 Resource sharing: Resources such as printers, fax machines and modems

can be shared.
 Electronic-Mail: e-mail aids in personal and
professional communication .E-mail on a LAN
can enable staff to communicate with in the
building.
 Flexible Access: Access their files from
computers throughout the firm.
 Workgroup computing: Workgroup software
such as Microsoft BackOffice allows many
users o work on a document or project
concurrently.
 Applications are unavailable when server has
faults

 Network faults can cause loss of data

 Network faults leads to loss of resources

 User work dependent upon network

 Hackers can access the system if proper security is

not provided

 Certain time degrade in performance takes place