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Bell Ringer

• Why are there layers in the column below? Which of those liquids
and solids do you think are on the bottom, middle, and top?
Density

Density
• compares the mass of an object to its volume
• is the mass of a substance divided by its volume
• is defined as

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Density

Substances that have


• higher densities contain particles that are closely
packed together
• lower densities contain particles that are farther
apart
Metals such as gold and lead have higher densities
because their atoms are packed closely together.
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Density, Units

In the metric system, densities of solids,


liquids, and gases are expressed with
different units.
The density of a solid or liquid is usually
given in
• grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)
• grams per milliliter (g/mL)
The density of a gas is usually given in
grams per liter (g/L).
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Density of Common Substances

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Guide to Calculating Density

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Learning Check

Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its density,


in g/cm3, if 50.0 g of osmium has a volume of
2.22 cm3?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its density, in


g/cm3, if 50.0 g of osmium has a volume of 2.22 cm3?

Step 1 Given 50.0 g; 22.2 cm3


Need density, in g/cm3
Step 2 Plan Write the density expression.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its density, in g/cm3, if 50.0 g of


osmium has a volume of 2.22 cm3?
Step 3 Express mass in grams and volume
in cm3.
mass = 50.0 g volume = 22.2 cm3
Step 4 Set up problem, calculate.

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Link to the Environment

• The oil pumped out of the ground is called crude oil,


or petroleum. It is mostly made of hydrocarbons, or
compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
• In April 2010, an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico
exploded, causing the largest oil spill in U.S. history.
• It leaked a maximum of 10 million liters a day into the
Gulf of Mexico.

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Link to the Environment
• Because the density of this oil, 0.8 g/mL, was
less than that of water, which is 1.00 g/mL, it
floated on the surface, spreading a thin layer of
oil over a very large surface.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Density of Solids

• The density of a solid is calculated from its mass


and volume.
• When a solid is submerged, it displaces a volume
of water equal to the volume of
the solid.

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Density of Solids

• In the figure below, the water level rises from


35.5 mL to 45.0 mL after the zinc object is
added.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Learning Check
Scuba divers use lead weights to counteract their
buoyancy in water. What is the density of a lead
weight that has a mass of 226 g and displaces 20.0
cm3 of water when submerged?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

What is the density of a lead weight that has a mass of 226 g and
displaces 20.0 cm3 of water when submerged?
Step 1 Given 226 g lead
20.0 cm3 water displaced
Need density (g/cm3) of lead
Step 2 Plan. Write the density expression.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

What is the density of a lead weight that has a mass of 226


g and displaces 20.0 cm3 of water when submerged?
Step 3 Express mass in grams and volume
in cm3.
mass of lead weight = 226 g
volume of water displaced = 20.0 cm3

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

What is the density of a lead weight that has a mass of 226 g and
displaces 20.0 cm3 of water when submerged?
Step 4 Set up problem, calculate.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Do these objects have the same
?
DON’T FORGET
1 milliliter (mL)
EQUALS
1 cubic centimeter (cm3)
Buoyancy
• Buoyancy is the upward force needed from a fluid to
stay afloat.
Archimedes’ Formula!
WEIGHT OF OBJECT

THE BIGGER
FORCE
WINS, SO THE
BLOCK
SINKS

BUOYANT
FORCE
Density of water = 1,000 kg/m3
Practice
1. A chef fills a 50 mL container with 43.5 g of
cooking oil. What is the density of the oil?
2. Calculate the mass of a liquid with a density of
2.5 g/mL and a volume of 15 mL.
3. Calculate the volume of a liquid with a density
of 5.45 g/mL and a mass of 65 g.

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