CLASSIFICATION OF

STREAMS
Influent and Effluent Streams
Intermittent and Perennial Streams

By: junna mae c. morales bsce 4b

stream
1. a small, narrow river.
2. a continuous flow of liquid, air, or gas.
 INFLUENT STREAMS
or losing streams: where the water table is below the stream
CLASSIFICAT
bed, and the water flows from the stream bed through a porous
material to recharge the groundwater.

STREAMS
ION OF
Losing streams are
common in arid areas.
Trebišnjica - is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the longest sinking rivers in the
world
 EFFLUENT STREAMS
CLASSIFICAT
or gaining streams: where the water table is above the stream
and groundwater feeds into the stream

STREAMS
ION OF
 INTERMITTENT STREAMS
CLASSIFICAT
or seasonal stream - have flowing water periods during the
wet season (winter-spring) but are normally dry during hot
summer months. Intermittent streams do not have continuous
flowing water year-round and are not "relatively permanent
STREAMS waters."
ION OF
 PERENNIAL STREAMS
Streams that flow continuously because they lie at or below the
CLASSIFICAT
groundwater table, which constantly replenishes them.

STREAMS
ION OF
Factors Affecting runoff
– A. Precipitation
– B. Shape and Size of the Catchment
– C. Topography
– D. Geological Characteristics
– E. Meteorological Characteristics
– F. Character of the Catchment Surface
– G. Storage Characteristics
 Precipitation
 Most important factor of runoff.
 More rainfall, more runoff.
Affecting
a. Duration- Total runoff depends on the duration of rainstorm. For a
given rainfall intensity and other conditions, a longer duration
Factors

rainfall event will result in more runoff.

b. Intensity- Rainfall intensity influences both rate and volume of
runoff
runoff. The runoff volume and also runoff rate will be greater for an
intense rainfall event than for less intense event.
c. Areal Distribution- It also influences both the rate and volume of
runoff. Generally, the maximum rate and volume of runoff occurs
when the entire watershed contributes .
 Shape and Size of the
Catchment
More the area, more will
be the runoff.
Affecting
Factors

runoff
• All tributaries are approximately the same size.
• Gives greater runoff.
• The tributaries are generally of different lengths and
meet the mainstream at irregular intervals.
• The peak flood intensity is reduced.
 topography
If slope is steep, flow will be quick and
less evaporation and absorption,
resulting greater runoff.
Affecting
If the catchment is in mountainous, the
Factors

rainfall intensity will be high and hence

runoff
runoff will be more.
 Geologic Characteristics
Geologic characteristics include
surface and sub-surface soil type, rocks
and their permeability.
Affecting
 If soil and subsoil is porous, seepage will be
Factors

more resulting reduction of the peak flood.

runoff

 If the surface is rocky, absorption will be nil

resulting more runoff.

 If rocks have fissures, have lava funnels water

will be lost resulting less runoff.
 Meteorological Characteristics
Major meteorological factors:
 Temperature
 Wind Speed
Affecting
 Humidity
Factors

runoff
 Storage Characteristics of a
Catchment
Presence of artificial storage such as dams,
weirs etc. and natural storage such as lakes
and ponds etc. tend to reduce the peak
flow. These structures also give rise to greater
Affecting
evaporation.

Factors

runoff
 Storage Characteristics of a
Catchment
Presence of artificial storage such as dams,
weirs etc. and natural storage such as lakes
and ponds etc. tend to reduce the peak
flow. These structures also give rise to greater
Affecting
evaporation.

Factors

runoff
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YOU!