Dam

ORIENTATIONSEMINAR ON PROJ.
PLANNING,
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION MNG’T & WORK
PERFORMANCE PLANNING
RTC, SOLANA, CAGAYAN
September 25-26, 2014
BASIC DESIGN OF DAMS
AND THEIR APPURTENANT
BY: REY R. VISAYA
STRUCTURES Planning & Design Section,
E & O DivisionREGION 02
ORIENTATIONSEMINAR ON PROJ. PLANNING, DESIGN,
CONSTRUCTION MNG’T & WORK PERFORMANCE PLANNING
Dam structures commonly used by NIA
to divert and store water for irrigation
• Diversion Dam
• Storage Dams and Reservoirs
Classification of Dams According to Height and Size
Small dams =height of 15.00 m. & below and
storage capacity of 3.00 mcm
Large dams = height of more than 15.00 m.
& with storage capacity above 3.00 mcm.
(usbr/icold)
Classification of DAMS according to materials used:
1. Earthfill dams
1.1 Homogeneous dams
1.2 Modified homogenous dams
1.3 Zoned earth dams
2. Rockfill dams
2.1 Central earth core
2.2 Sloping earth core
2.3 Diaphragm type
2.3 Concrete faced rockfill dams
Classification of DAMS according to materials used:
3. CONCRETE/RUBBLE masonry DAMS
3.1 Gravity dams
3.2 Arch dam
3.3 Buttressed dams
4. Composite dams
4.1 Concrete and Earth Embankment
4.2 Concrete and Rockfill
4.3 Concrete, Rockfill and Earth Embankment
Classification of dams according to construction methods
1. Conventional mass concrete construction (cmc)

2. Conventional rubble masonry construction (crmc)
3. Roller compacted concrete construction (rcc)
4. Hardfill construction
DIVERSION DAM AND ITS

APPURTENANT
STRUCTURES
(1) INVESTIGATION/UNDERSTANDING OF SITE

CONDITIONS
• Service area
River discharge
• River conditions River water
surface
• Flood conditions elevation
Drainage Area
• Other users:
irrigation, water supply, etc.
• Topographical conditions
• Geological conditions
• Environmental considerations
• Construction requirements
(2) BASIC DESIGN DATA
• SURVEY DATA
• GEOLOGIC/GEOTECHNICAL DATA
• HYDROLOGIC DATA
• ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES DATA
(3) CONSIDERATION FOR SITE SELECTION OF DIVERSION

WEIR
• STABLE (IMPERVIOUS OR PERVIOUS) FOUNDATION (IDEAL)

• SHORT DIVERSION CANAL TO SERVICE AREA
• LOW WEIR HEIGHT AND OR HIGHER RIVERBANKS FOR GUIDE
BANKS/AFFLUX DIKES
ANCHORAGE
• STABLE WATERWAY WIDTH
• STRAIGHT RIVER CHANNEL
• ACCESSIBILITY
• ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY OF SOURCE
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
• AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
TYPES OF DIVERSION STRUCTURES

CREST SHAPE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
FIXED-CREST
Trapezoidal (Sloping)  Prevents accumulation  High velocities require long

type of sediments D/S protection works

Core wall  Economical  Concrete walls subject to

damage by boulders
Ogee  Efficient discharges  Not applicable for steep
 Stable during flood slopes
MOVABLE CREST Gated/Barrage  Back water effect is  Maintenance of gates
avoided during floods  Sedimentation would cause
operation problems
Rubber Dams  Fast and efficient way  High initial cost
of operation to avoid  May not be safe for sites
upstream flooding with peace and order issues

COMPONENTS OF DIVERSION DAM STRUCTURE

• INTAKE
• MAIN DAM OR WEIR
• SLUICEWAY
• GUIDE BANKS AND AFFLUX DIKES
• TRAINING WALLS
• FISH LADDER
• SILT EXCLUDERS/EJECTORS
• ELECTRO-MECHANICAL FACILITIES
• APRON (U/S AND D/S PROTECTION WORKS)
• U/S AND D/S CUT-OFF WALLS
SLUICEWAY TOWER
TOP OF PIER D/S T.B. U/S T.B.

FOOTWALK
DOWNSTREAM
ST
APRON DAM CRE
INTAKE
SLU TRAINING WALL
ICE RON
WA AP
Y S TREAM
UP
 STEP BY STEP GUIDE/PROCEDURE ON THE DESIGN OF DIVERSION
DAM :1. SET DAM CREST ELEVATION BASE HPIA
 2. SET INTAKE INVERT ELEVATION AND DETERMINE SIZE OF INTAKE SECTION
 3. SET PRELIMINARY U/S AND D/S APRON ELEVATION
 4. ESTIMATE CREST LENGTH (Pw=4.83(Q)^.5)
 5. ESTIMATE SLUICEWAY WIDTH, INTAKE POCKET WIDTH AND LENGTH OF
TRAINING WALL,SKIMMING WEIR
 6. PLOT TAILWATER RATING CURVE
 7. DETERMINE LOOSENESS FACTOR (Lf) AND ESTIMATE DEPTH OF SCOUR
 (LF = of Actual water way width/Pw)
 R= 0.473 (Q/f)^1/3 Lf>1
 R=1.35 (q^2/f)^1/3 Lf<1
 8.ESTIMATE AFFLUX ELEVATION
 9.SET U/S AND D/S GUIDE BANKS ELEVATION
 9. SET DEPTH OF U/S AND D/S CUT-OFF WALL
 10. SELECT APPROPORIATE LEFT AND RIGHT ABUTMENT PROTECTION
 (RETAINING WALL OR INCLINED RIVETMENT)
 11.DETERMINE LENGTH OF U/S AND D/S APRON
 12. DETERMINE SIZE OF U/S AND D/S RIPRAP PROTECTION
 13. CHECK STABILITY OF FOUNDATION MATERIALS(PIPING, BEARING CAPACITY)
 14. ESTIMATE UPLIFT AND SURFACE PRESSURE
 15. ESTIMATE THICKNESS OF U/S AND D/S APRON
 16. UNDERTAKE DAM AND SLUICEWAY STABILITY ANALYSIS (SLIDING &
OVERTURNING)
 (AFTER CONSTRUCTION W/ OR W/O SEISMIC , NORMAL OPERATION W/ OR W/O
SEISMIC , FLOOD)
 17. UNDERTAKE STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION FOR EVERY STRUCTURE
(E.G. RETAINING WALL, SLUICEWAY TOWER, INTAKE TOWER, DAM BODY,
ABUTMENT WALLS)
 19. PREPARE DETAILED DESIGN PLANS AND DRAWINGS
 20. PREPARE DESIGN REPORT
Trapezoidal Weir
ALUCAO ESTE/WESTE CIS,BUGUEY, CAGAYAN
BALLASIW CIS, GONZAGA, CAGAYAN
Core-wall/SILL Weir
GEOMETRIC FIGURE OF OGEE TYPE DAM BODY

OGEE TYPE Diversion dam with inclined intake gate

DRIS, GATTARAN, CAGAYAN
COMPLETION STAGE
THE RUBBER DAM CAN BE DEFLATED WHENEVER FLOOD
WILL OCCUR
MOVABLE WEIR
RUBBER DAM
ABUKUMA JAPAN BARRAGE TYPE WEIR

MOVABLE WEIR TYPE-GATES CAN BE EASILY OPENED DURING
FLOOD
BASIC DESIGN PROCEDURE OF

STORAGE/RESERVOIR DAMS
EARTHFILL EMBANKMENT DAMS
TRAINING COURSE ON RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN
Almont Inland Resort, J.C. Aquino Ave., Butuan City
RESERVOIR/STORAGE DAMS
 TYPES OF STORAGE DAMS ACCORDING TO USE:
-DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY,IRRIGATION,

HYDROPOWER
-MULTIPURPOSE DAM
EMBANKMENT
RESERVOIR DAMS
HOMOGENEOUS
EARTHFILL DAMS
A homogeneous dam is composed of a single kind of well-graded
earth material and sufficiently impervious to provide an adequate
water barrier .
Homogeneous earthfill dam with horizontal rock toe

drain on impervious foundation
Homogeneous earthfill dam

BAGUNOT SWIP,GATTARAN, CAGAYAN
Homogeneous earthfill dam

PAGASA SWIP,SOLANA, CAGAYAN
ZONED
EARTHFILL
DAMS
In a zoned embankment dam, the main water
retention structure is an impervious core
composed mostly of clay materials.
PANTABANGAN DAM COMPLEX, Pampanga & Aya Rivers

Nueva Ecija, Philippines
PANTABANGAN DAM, Pampanga & Aya Rivers

(Spillway)
CALANGO SRIP DAM, Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental,

Philippines
CALANGO SRIP DAM, Zamboanguita

Negros Oriental, Philippines
ROCKFILL
DAMS
A rockfill dam is one that relies on rock as a
major structural element.
Earth core rockfill dam section with central core

TOKUYAMA ROCKFILL DAM

JAPAN
MAGAT
TOKUYAMA
DAM, Magat
ROCKFILL
River,
DAMIsabela,
Philippines
JAPAN
(Spillway)
MAGAT DAM COMPLEX

Magat River & Baligatan Creek, Isabela,
Philippines
MAGAT MAIN DAM

Magat River, Isabela, Philippines
MAGAT DAM, Magat River, Isabela,

Philippines
(Spillway and Plunge Pool)
MAGAT DAM, Magat River, Isabela,

Philippines
(Crest of the Main Dam)
SURIKAMIGAWA JAPAN ROCKFILL DAM

SURIKAMIGAWA JAPAN ROCKFILL DAM

INTAKE BRIDGE
• CONCRETE DAMS
1.Concrete gravity dams
2.Arch dams
3.Buttressed dams
4.Roller-compacted/hardfill
concrete dams
CONCRETE
GRAVITY
DAMS
A concrete gravity dam resists the applied load
primarily by its own weight.
MIHARU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM

RESERVOIR AREA
MIHARU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM OFFICE

MIHARU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM

ELEVATOR AND DRAINAGE GALLERY
KAMIFASU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM

JOZANNKEI CONCRETE DAM

HOKKAIDO, JAPAN
CONCRETE
ARCH DAMS
In this type of dam, a major part of the hydrostatic load
imposed by the reservoir acts on the concrete slab,
which comprise the main dam body, and is transmitted to
the canyon walls by horizontal thrust.
Arch dam section (top view)

NUKUI ARCHDAM
JAPAN
NUKUI ARCHDAM SPILLWAY PLATFORM

JAPAN
HOOVER DAM, Colorado River, USA

CHUBETSU JAPAN ARCHDAM

BUTRESSED
DAMS
Buttress dams depend principally upon the weight of
the water in addition to the concrete weight for stability.
They are composed of two structural elements: a
sloping water-supporting deck and buttresses that
support the deck.
DANIEL JOHNSON DAM, Manicouagan

River, Canada
(Section)
DANIEL JOHNSON DAM, Manicouagan River, Canada

MAGBALLO-BALICOTOC-CALUMNAY DAM, Negros Occidental,

Philippines
MAGBALLO-BALICOTOC-CALUMNAY DAM, Negros

Occidental, Philippines
ROSELAND DAM
Doron de Beufort River, France
ROLLER-COMPACTED /
HARDFILL CONCRETE
DAMS
In this type of dam the concrete is placed in
layers and compacted by rollers
Roller-compacted concrete dam

placement
Roller-compacted concrete dam (compaction)

MIDDLE VAITARNA DAM, Vaitarna River, India

(Roller-compacted concrete dam)
CAN-ASUJAN RIVER DAM, Carcar, Cebu, Philippines



THREE GORGES DAM, Yangtze River, China

COMPOSIT
EDAMS
THIS TYPE OF DAM IS USUALLY A COMBINATION OF
ZONED EARTHFILL DAM,CONCRETE DAM&ROCKFILL DAM
CHUBETSU COMPOSITE DAM, SAPPORO, JAPAN

VIEWDECK
CHUBETSU COMPOSITE DAM, SAPPORO, JAPAN
BASIC DESIGN PROCEDURE

FOREARTHFILL
RESERVOIR DAMS
EMBANKMENT DAMS
 A. PREPARATION,PRODUCTION, COLLECTION COLLATION AND REVIEW OF INITIAL DESIGN DATA DERIVED FROM PROJECT
INVESTIGATION REPORT/FSR :
 FSR:
 LAND RESOURCES STUDIES
 GEODETIC SURVEY MAPS
 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL STUDIES/HYDROLOGY STUDIES
 GEOLOGIC/GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES
 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES
A.1 DETERMINE VALIDATE LAND RESOUCES DATA (LAND CLASS AND LAND USE MAPS)
A.2 PREPARE/PRODUCE MAPS AND REVIEW SURVEY DATA:
A.3 CONDUCT/REVIEW OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES
A.4 REVIEW AND ASSESS THE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS DATA
A.5 UNDERTAKE/REVIEW MATERIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND TESTING
A.6 PREPARE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION AND SOCIAL MEASURES
A.7 UNDERTAKE HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT (FLOOD, SEISMIC,GEOLOGIC, RTE, STRUCTURAL AND MAN MADE
HAZARD
B. PREPARE DAM LAYOUT AND UNDERTAKE DESIGN CALCULATIONS:
B.1 FINALIZE DAM AXIS LOCATION AND ALIGNMENT, PREPARE LAYOUT PLAN OF DAM AND APPURTENANCES AND
FOUNDATIONS BASED ON ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AT PROPOSED DAMSITE AND SET DEAD STORAGE ELEVATION
B.2 PREPARE PRELIMINARY DAM SECTION/CONFIGURATION LAYOUT AND DAM SECTION DESIGN
B.3 ESTABLISH LOADING CRITERIA AND DESIGN PARAMETERS (FLOOD AND EARTHQUAKE LOADINGS)
B.4 UNDERTAKE FLOOD ROUTING FOR OUTLET WORKS AND SPILLWAY TO ESTABLISH HEIGHT OF COFFERDAM, SIZE OF
OUTLET WORKS,LENGTH OF SPILLWAY AND SURCHARGE STORAGE
B.5 ESTABLISH DAM CREST ELEVATION AND WIDTH
B.6 UNDERTAKE/CALCULATIONS OF DAM STABILITY OR EMBANKMENT SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE
FOLLOWING LOADING CONDITIONS (U/S AND D/S SLOPES WITH OR WITHOUT EARTHQUAKE)
B.7 UNDERTAKE DESIGN OF SPILLWAY AND RELATED APPURTENANCES/ELEMENTS
B.8 UNDERTAKE DESIGN/REVIEW OF OUTLET WORKS AND RELATED STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, MEMBERS, CONTROL
SYSTEM AND APPURTENANCES
 C. DETERMINE, SELECT, AND PREPARE THE REQUIRED/APPROPRIATE DAM, RESERVOIR AND WATERSHED
MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION FACILITIES
 C.1 COMMONLY USED (Eartfill/rockfill embankment) DAMS
 - STANPIPE PIEZOMETERS
 - PNEUMATIC PIEZOMETERS\
 - OBSERVATION WELLS
 - SEEPAGE INTERCPTOR/COLLECTOR CHANNEL AND FLOW RATE MEASURING WEIRS
 - SURFACE MEASURING POINTS, COLLIMATION POINTS AND REFERENCE BENCHMARKS
 - SEISMIC MONITORING APPARATUS (STRONG MOTION SEISMOGRAPH)
 C.2 WATERSHED, RESERVOIR AND HAZARD MONITORING AND WARNING INSTRUMENTATION
 - SEISMIC MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
 - HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS (MINI-WEATHER STATION), RAINFALL
GAGE TELEMETRY TRANSMISSION
 - RESERVOIR WATER SURFACE LEVEL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
 - SEDIMENTATION MONITORING RANGES/STATIONS
 - FLOOD WARNING SYSTEMS
 D. UNDERTAKE DESIGN OF ACCESS/SERVICE ROADS ELEMENTS AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

ACCESS ROAD TO DAM APPURTENANCES AND SAFETY FACILITIES
 E. PREPARE DETAILED DESIGN DRAWINGS
F. SUGGESTED DRAWING ARRANGEMENT,SEQUENCE AND CHRONOLOGY
I. COVER SHEET
II. TABLE OF CONTENTS
III. DRAWING SHEETS
1. GENERAL
2.HYDROLOGY
3. SURVEY
4. GEOLOGY/GEOTECHNICAL
5.CIVIL WORKS
6. DAM INSTRUMENTATIONS
7. ACCESS/SERVICE ROADS
8. MECHANICAL GATES , LIFTING MECHANISM AND ELECTRICAL CONTROLS
G. PREPARE DESIGN REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION
II. PROJECT AREA
III. DAM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
IV. SPILLWAY
V. OUTLET WORKS
VI. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION CONSIDERATION
VII. APPENDICES
VIII. REFERENCE AND BIBLIGRAPHY
IX. FIGURES
X. TABLES
H. PREPARE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CONSTRUCTION MNG’T & WORK PERFORMANCE
PLANNING
RTC, SOLANA, CAGAYAN
September 25-26, 2014
THE END
REY R. VISAYA
Planning & Design Section,
E & O DivisionREGION 02

Dam

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Dam

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ORIENTATION­SEMINAR ON PROJ.

Classification of DAMS according to materials used:

3. CONCRETE/RUBBLE masonry DAMS

Classification of dams according to construction methods

1. Conventional mass concrete construction (cmc)

DIVERSION DAM AND ITS

(1) INVESTIGATION/UNDERSTANDING OF SITE

(2) BASIC DESIGN DATA

(3) CONSIDERATION FOR SITE SELECTION OF DIVERSION

• STABLE (IMPERVIOUS OR PERVIOUS) FOUNDATION (IDEAL)

TYPES OF DIVERSION STRUCTURES

Trapezoidal (Sloping)  Prevents accumulation  High velocities require long

Core wall  Economical  Concrete walls subject to

COMPONENTS OF DIVERSION DAM STRUCTURE

TOP OF PIER D/S T.B. U/S T.B.

GEOMETRIC FIGURE OF OGEE TYPE DAM BODY

OGEE TYPE Diversion dam with inclined intake gate

ABUKUMA JAPAN BARRAGE TYPE WEIR

BASIC DESIGN PROCEDURE OF

-DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY,IRRIGATION,

Homogeneous earthfill dam with horizontal rock toe

Homogeneous earthfill dam

Homogeneous earthfill dam

PANTABANGAN DAM COMPLEX, Pampanga & Aya Rivers

PANTABANGAN DAM, Pampanga & Aya Rivers

CALANGO SRIP DAM, Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental,

CALANGO SRIP DAM, Zamboanguita

Earth core rockfill dam section with central core

TOKUYAMA ROCKFILL DAM

MAGAT DAM COMPLEX

MAGAT MAIN DAM

MAGAT DAM, Magat River, Isabela,

MAGAT DAM, Magat River, Isabela,

SURIKAMIGAWA JAPAN ROCKFILL DAM

SURIKAMIGAWA JAPAN ROCKFILL DAM

MIHARU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM

MIHARU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM OFFICE

MIHARU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM

KAMIFASU JAPAN CONCRETE DAM

JOZANNKEI CONCRETE DAM

Arch dam section (top view)

NUKUI ARCHDAM SPILLWAY PLATFORM

HOOVER DAM, Colorado River, USA

CHUBETSU JAPAN ARCHDAM

DANIEL JOHNSON DAM, Manicouagan

DANIEL JOHNSON DAM, Manicouagan River, Canada

MAGBALLO-BALICOTOC-CALUMNAY DAM, Negros Occidental,

MAGBALLO-BALICOTOC-CALUMNAY DAM, Negros

Roller-compacted concrete dam

Roller-compacted concrete dam (compaction)

MIDDLE VAITARNA DAM, Vaitarna River, India

CAN-ASUJAN RIVER DAM, Carcar, Cebu, Philippines

CAN-ASUJAN RIVER DAM, Carcar, Cebu, Philippines

CAN-ASUJAN RIVER DAM, Carcar, Cebu, Philippines

THREE GORGES DAM, Yangtze River, China

CHUBETSU COMPOSITE DAM, SAPPORO, JAPAN

BASIC DESIGN PROCEDURE

 D. UNDERTAKE DESIGN OF ACCESS/SERVICE ROADS ELEMENTS AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

G. PREPARE DESIGN REPORT

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ORIENTATIONSEMINAR ON PROJ.