Chapter 7

Electrical Actuation
Systems

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Assignments
 In this chapter you will have two
assignments.
 There will be a half question from of
each of these.
 Each assignment also carries some
marks which will be added in final
examination based on departmental
rules.

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Assignments
 Assignment 1 consists of two topics which
are;
1- Mechanical Switches.
2- Electrical Switches.
 Sub-topics will remain same as in Bolton’s
book but you need to add information from
resources other than this book.
 The submission date of this assignment is
10/11/2008.

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Assignments
 Assignment 2 consists of two topics also;
1- D.C. Motors.
2- Stepper Motors.
 Sub-topics will remain same as in Bolton’s

book but you need to add information from

resources other than this book.
 Submission date of this assignment is

20/11/2008.

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Assignment- Rules
 Students are encouraged to consult resources like,
research journals, books and internet material.
 Research journals will account for better grades than
book/internet material.
 All references should be clearly written at the end of
each assignment and inside the assignment where
you include information from these.
 For research journals you need to consult websites
like ieee.com, sciencedirect.com, google scholar etc.
For books you need to contact University library or
google books.

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Assignment- Rules
 Failing to submit assignment in time will reduce your
marks up to 50%.
 Failing to submit assignment till after three days of
submission date will result in zero marks.
 Failing to provide proper references will result in zero
marks according to plagiarism rules.
 All assignments should be different from each other,
if a student copies other student’s assignment both
of them will get zero marks.
 If you need any guidance please feel free to contact
me in office or in department.

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7.6 AC Motors
 AC motors are divided into two groups,
single phase and poly-phase with each
group being further divided into
induction and synchronous motors.
 Single phase motors are used for low
power requirements while poly-phase
motors for high power.

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7.6 Single Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction
Motor
 It consists of a squirrel cage rotor, this being
copper or aluminium bars that fit into slots in
end rings to form complete electrical circuit.
Fig 7.36.
 The basic motor consists of this rotor with a
stator having a set of windings.
 When an AC current passes through the
stator windings an alternating magnetic field
is produced.
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7.6 Single Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction
Motor

 Figure 7.36

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7.6 Single Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction
Motor
 As a result of the electromagnetic induction,
e.m.fs are induced in the conductors of the
rotor and current flow in the rotor.
 Initially, when the rotor is stationery, the
forces on the current carrying conductors of
the rotor in the magnetic field of the stator
are such as to result in no net torque.
 The motor is not self starting, a number of
methods are used to make the motor self
starting, one is to use an auxiliary starting
winding to give the rotor an initial push.

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7.6 Three-Phase Induction Motor
 The three phase induction motor is similar to the
single-phase induction motor but has a stator with
three windings located 120° apart, each winding
being connected to one of the three lines of the
supply. Fig. 7.37.
 Because the three phases reach their maximum
currents at different times, the magnetic field can be
considered to rotate round the stator poles,
completing one rotation in one full cycle of the
current.
 The rotation of the field is much smoother and it is
self starting.

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7.6 Three-Phase Induction Motor
 Figure 7.37

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7.6 Synchronous Motors
 These have stators similar to those described
above for induction motors but a rotor which
is a permanent magnet. Fig. 7.38.
 The magnet field produced by the stator
rotates and so the magnet rotates with it.
 With one pair of poles per phase of the
supply, the magnetic field rotates through
360° in one cycle of the supply.
 These motors are used when precise speed is
required and are not self starting.

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7.6 Synchronous Motors
 Figure 7.38

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