ANALYTICAL BALANCE &

WEIGHING TECHNIQUE

ARINA 2015149645 . ADIB 2015162557 . MIZAN 2015154951

ANALYTICAL BALANCE

 An analytical balance is an instrument that is used to obtain 4 to 5 digits to the

right of decimal point.
 All analytical balances require a “wind screen” or “cabinet” in order to realize the
required precision of the measurements.
 Measure mass to a very high degree of precision ( 0.1 or 0.01 mg)
Type of balance

Auxiliary Single pan Electronic

balance analytical Analytical
(Top Pan mechanical Balance
Balance) balance
How to used Analytical Balance CORRECTLY

STEP BY STEP :
1. Use weighing boat to place the sample (solid)
2. Place the weighing container on the balance pan and close the doors.
3. Tare the container by briefly pressing the control bar. The readout will read zero with the
container sitting on the pan. This allows the mass of your sample to be read directly.
4. Add the substance to be weighed. Be careful not to spill chemicals on the balance. If need
be, you can remove the container from the weighing chamber while you add the sample
provided that none presses the control bar before you weigh your sample.
5. With the sample and its container sitting on the pan, close the chamber doors and read the
display to find the mass of your sample.
Do and Don’t
 GENERAL RULES FOR WEIGHING

1. The balance should be warmed up for at least half an hour before use.
2. Before turning on, ensure all the doors are closed and the pan is not touching the draft ring.
3. Never handle objects to be weighed with fingers. Use tongs or finger pads (gloves) to prevent
uptake of moisture by dried objects.
4. Centre the substance to be weighed in the middle of the pan.
5. Weigh at room temperature.
6. Never place chemicals directly on the pan, but weigh them in a vessel (dish, boat, weighing
bottle, small beaker)
7. Always brush spilled chemicals off immediately with a soft brush.
8. Always close the balance case door before making the weighing. Air currents will cause the
balance to be unsteady.
COMPARISION OF WEIGHING (SOLID)
DIRECT WEIGHING
 A weighing dish/bottle/boat is
used.
 The dish is weighed empty and
then with the sample.
 Direct weighing is satisfactory only
if the sample is non-hygroscopic.
BY DIFFERENCE
 Solid chemical materials are usually
weighed and dried in a weighing
bottle.
 Replicate weighing are most
conveniently carried out by
weighing the difference.
 Also if the sample is hygroscopic,
weighing by difference with the
bottle capped must be employed.
 TECHNIQUE OF WEIGHING BY DIFFERENCE

1. The sample in the weighing bottle is weighed, and then a portion is removed and quantitatively
transferred to a vessel.
2. Then the weighing bottle and the sample is re-weighed, and from the difference in weight, the weight
of sample is calculated.
3. The next sample is transferred and the weight is repeated to get its weight by difference, and so on.

For a deeper understanding lets take a look at this video……..

COMPARISION OF WEIGHING (LIQUID)

 DIRECT WEIGHING  BY DIFFERENCE

• The liquid is transferred to a  By pipetting out an aliquot from the

weighing vessel (e,g, a weighing bottle, the inside of the pipette
weighing bottle) which is must be rinsed several times after
capped to prevent transferring.
evaporation during the
 Care should be taken not to lose any
weighing, and then weighed.
sample from the tip of the pipette during
transferring.
SOURCES ERROR IN WEIGHING

• Zero point drift : a gradual change in the scale zero of a measuring

instrument.
• Change in ambient temperature
• Hygroscopic substance : minimize the exposure to air.
• Hot or cold object must be brought to ambient temperature before it is
being weighed.
• Weight and buoyancy. (This Will be discussed on the next slide)
 ERROR IN BOUYANCY
• is a force that causes object • Weighing in the vacuum is
to float. According to the most accurate.
Archimedes Principle, when • Weight that are made on a
a solid is place in a fluid balance will of course give
(liquid or gas), it is subject to the weight in air.
an upward force equal in
magnitude to the weight of
the fluid it has displaced. What is Why there
buoyancy? is error in
weighing?

• Density of air is 0.0012 What

gcm-3, if the density of the happen in When is this • When an object
weight and the density of happen? displaces its volume
the object being weighed a vacuum?
in air, it will buoyed
are the same, then, they up by the weight of
will buoyed up by the same
amount and recorded air displaced.
weight will be equal to the
weight in vacuum where
there is no buoyancy.
 CORRECTION FOR BOUYANCY

 A buoyancy error will affect data if the density of the object being weighed differ
significantly from that of the standard weight.
 This error has its origin in the difference in the buoyant force exerted by the medium (air)
on the objects and on the weights.
 Weight of object in air can be corrected to the weight in vacuum by:
 FORMULA FOR CORRECT WEIGHT

 Wvac = Wair + [Wair (0.0012/Do – 0.0012/Dw) ]

• Wvac = weight in vacuum/corrected mass of the object, g

• Wair = observed weight in air, g
• Do = density of object
• Dw = density of weight
• 0.0012 = density of air
 PRACTICE

1. A bottle of weighed 7.6500 g empty and 9.9700 g after filling an organic liquid with a
density 0.92 gcm-3. The balance was equipped with stainless steel weights (d = 8.0 gm-3).
Calculate the corrected mass of the organic liquid sample.
 Solution :
Extract important info :
bottle of weighed 7.6500 g empty
9.9700 g after filling an organic liquid,
density 0.92 gcm-3
stainless steel weights (d = 8.0 gm-3).
 Practice

2. A 20 mL pipet is to be calibrated. A stoppered flask when empty weighs 29.2780 g. Water is

delivered into it from the pipet, and it now weighs 49.2720 g. If stainless steel weights are used,
calculate the corrected weight of water delivered.
 Given: density of air = 0.0012 g/mL
 Density of stainless steel weights = 8.0 g/mL

ANSWER : 20.0150
THANK YOU