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BETTER INSIGHT INTO PRODUCT BEHAVIOUR


USING

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS


Understand elements of nature

The force of water

Strength of wind

Heat Transfer

Flow through channel

Flow in river or oceans

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This quest inspired history's greatest minds to develop the science of Fluid
Dynamics and it’s equations.

𝜕𝜌
+ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑈 = 0
𝜕𝑡

𝜕(𝜌𝑈) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌𝑢ư 2 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ 𝜕(𝜌𝑈) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌𝑢ư 2 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ


+ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑈𝑈 = − + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑈 + − − − + 𝑆 𝑀𝑥 + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑈𝑈 = − + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑈 + − − − + 𝑆𝑀𝑥
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕(𝜌𝑉) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌𝑣ư 2 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ 𝜕(𝜌𝑊) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌𝑤ư 2
+ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑉𝑈 = − + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉 + − − − + 𝑆𝑀𝑦 + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑊𝑈 = − + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑊 + − − − +𝑆𝑀𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕(𝜌𝑊) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌𝑤ư 2 𝜕(𝜌𝑊) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌𝑤ư 2
+ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑊𝑈 = − + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑊 + − − − +𝑆 𝑀𝑧 + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑊𝑈 = − + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑊 + − − − +𝑆𝑀𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕(𝜌∅) 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝜑ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑣ƴ 𝜑ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑤ƴ 𝜑ƴ 𝜕(𝜌𝑈) 𝜕𝜌 𝜕 𝜌𝑢ư 2 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑣ƴ 𝜕 𝜌 𝑢ƴ 𝑤ƴ


+ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌∅𝑈 = 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ℶ∅ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 ∅ + − − − + 𝑆∅ + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜌𝑈𝑈 = − 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝜇 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑈 + − − −
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

Extremely difficult to solve and complex which cannot be solved by hand

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Software Revolution
• That uses methods and algorithms to predict
LED
• How the liquids and gases behave ?
TO !!!!
• How they work with the product we design ?

In the design world we call this COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS


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COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Fluid flow is study of how liquids and gases move in and around solid objects.

Heat transfer is study of how things heat and cool and the cause of these
temperature changes.

With CFD we can understand the


flow and heat transfer throughout
the design process

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 Challenges can be solved before they turn into serious
problems. What
 Evaluate product performance can you
 Complements actual engineering testing do with
 Helps understand defects, problems CFD
 Enable higher quality product
and issues in product/process Analysis
 Reduces engineering testing costs

 Avoid costly prototype testing .

 Provides comprehensive data not easily obtainable from experimental tests.

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Risk Reduction
Products vehicles and structures often fail due to
miscalculations or judgement error of fluid
behavior.

Car parts fail Malfunction of computer due to over heat.

Structures collapse in high winds

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Examples of Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Internal Flow- Valves, Pumps etc.,

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Flow Control Devices
• CFD is used to study the flow
• CFD can be used to determine:
through a wide range of flow control
devices: • Pressure drop
• Flow rate
• Valves
• Spring force
• Regulators
• Orifice plates • Surface friction
• Fluid temperature
• Venturis
• Mixing rate
• Jet pumps
• Particle paths
• Diffusers
• Turbulence
• Nozzles
• Efficiency
• Cyclone Separators
• Aucostics
• Mixing devices

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External Flow- Automotive, Aerospace, Marine etc.,

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Automotive and Aerospace Components
Applications of CFD for automotive Parameters that can be determined:
and aerospace components:
• Drag and lift force.
• Drones • Acoustics.
• Wing Span • Efficiency.
• Automobiles • Pressure contour
• Radiators • Temperature distribution
• Jets • Velocity profile
• Safety gears (helmets)
• Sub-marines
• Missiles & torpedoes
• Launching System

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Heat Transfer-Electronic cooling

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Electronic Components
Applications of CFD for automotive Parameters that can
and aerospace components: be determined:
• Transformers
• Heat Transfer
• Computer boards
• Heat flux
• Control Panels
• Circuit boards • Temperature distribution
• Thermoelectric Cooler • Joule heating calculation
• Heat pipe compact model • Fan selection and
optimisation
• Thermostats
• Heat sink optimisation
• Insulated- bipolar transistor
• Electronic switches
• Two resistor compact model

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Rotating Components-Turbines or compressor

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Rotating Components
Application of CFD in rotating Parameters that can be
components determined using CFD
• Propellers • Pressure drop
• Fans • Flow rate
• Turbines • Temperature drop
• Compressors • Flow velocity
• Rotors • Calculation of lift and drag on
• Windmill wind turbine blades
• Electric motors • Heat transfer
• Agitators in mixing machines • Turbulence
• Blenders

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Non-Newtonian Fluids- Bio Medical

Newtonian

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Bio Medical
Applications of CFD in Bio Parameters that can be determined using
Medical CFD

• Cardiovascular Stents • Air flow


• Respiratory devices (masks,
ventilators) • Blood pressure on vein walls
• Respiratory system • Simulating blood flow
• Flow through Ventricles • Mixing of blood and platelets
• Life support systems • Resistance to flow in arteries
• prosthetic heart valves • Interpret fluid stresses in valves
• ventricular assist devices • Pre-implantation analysis of prosthetic valves/ assist
• Haemodialysis systems devices

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Advanced Radiation-Lighting Solutions

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Advanced Radiation
Application of CFD in advanced Parameters that can be
radiation determined using CFD

• LED lighting systems • Thermal radiation


• Automotive light simulation • Temperature distribution
• UV Curing lights • air flow patterns within tubular light
guides
• Signages
• Traffic/signal lights
• Domestic lightings

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HVAC- Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

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HVAC
Applications of HVAC Parameters that can be determined
using CFD

• Clean room • Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)


• Predicted Percent Dissatisfied (PPD)
• Heat pump systems
• Temperature and humidity
• Chimneys • Pressure differential
• Boiler Systems • Draft Temperature
• Air Diffusion Performance Index
• Refrigeration Systems • Contaminant Removal Effectiveness
• Domestic Air conditioning/Cooling • Local Air Quality Index
• Industrial cooling systems • Thermal Comfort
• Air flow optimisation/ air flow rate

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