Dr. Diosdado P.

Estimada
Faculty, CAS Dept.
 In its broadest meaning,
history is the study of past
events. It generally presents
the known past. What is
unknown is yet to be retrieved.
The recording and analysis of
experiences of a society
comprise the totality of a
people’s history (Halili, 2004)

HISTORY is not merely the

record of past events: it is “the
record of what one age finds
worthy of note in another”.
 HISTORY is kasaysayan or
history as narrative (which
be written, visual, oral or a
combination of all these)
about past events that has
meaning to a certain group
of people in a given time
and place.
TWO COMPONENTS of
kasaysayan—salaysay and
saysay are inseparable.
THE BLOOD COMPACT BETWEEN Without both, one cannot
SIKATUNA AND LEGAZPI IN BOHOL have true history.
HISTORY or kasaysayan is not just a narrative or
salaysay—it MUST have saysay or meaning. If one finds
meaning in history, he said, it will gain power to change
people’s lives (Ocampo 2001: x).
 According to Carr (1970), history is a study
of human achievement. The past is
intelligent to us only in the light of the
present and the present can be fully
understood only in the light of the past.
To enable us to understand society of the
past and to increase our mastery over the
society of the present is the dual function of
history (Carr 1970: 102

We cannot fully understand the present

situation in Philippine society unless we
have a firm grasp of the past.
 Says Ocampo: “The point
to remember is that history
does not repeat itself. We
repeat history” (Ocampo
2001:xviii).
Thus, to avoid repeating
the same mistakes and errors in
the past that plague the nation,
it is imperative that young
people, especially students who
are future leaders of this
country, must study history and
learn from its lessons.
 Sources of information provide
the evidence from which the
historian obtains facts about the
past. In writing history, the historian
not only relies on past thoughts
rather reenacts it in the context of
analyzing the documents and other
records left.
This is an indispensable
condition in the quest for historical
facts. Sources of history may be
classified as primary and
secondary
 Primary sources are those
that have witnessed the event that
took place or have been part of the
incident being studied. These
include written records (e.g.
narratives, manuscripts, public
documents, letters, and diaries),
fossils, artifacts, and testimony
from living witnesses.
On the other hand,
secondary sources have not been
part of the event being considered
such as magazines, newspapers,
pamphlets, and other articles
written about sources.
Land area of the
Philippines:

Philippines is an
archipelago of 7,100 islands
with a total land area of
115,707 sq. m. or 299,681
sq.km.
In terms of the land area,
Philippines is almost as
large as Italy, larger than
New Zealand, twice as big
as Greece and very much
larger than Britain.
 Manila is the capital and the
largest city of the country. It is
also the chief port and main
commercial center of the
islands.
Luzon – Philippines largest
island with a total land area of 40,
814 sq. m., which is bigger than
Hungary and Portugal.

Mindanao – Second largest

island, with total area of 38,906 sq.
m., which is bigger than Austria.

Visayas – 3rd largest island with a

total land area of 36, 087 sq. m.
 The country has 17 regions.
These regions are comprised of
provinces, which are subdivided
into districts. The districts consist
of municipalities with a number of
barangays.
There are four reasons:
1. Religion - Filipinos are predominantly Christians
 Political History

2. Philippines is the first Republic in Asia, being the

first to achieve independence by revolution and
establish a Republic led by General Emilio Aguinaldo
in 1898 – 1901.
3.The first Southeast Asian Nation to secure
independence by voluntary decolonization of a
colonial power after the second World War in 1946.
4.It led the world in waging a “People Power Revolution
to oust a dictator by peaceful and prayerful means in
1986”.
 Highest mountain – Mt. Apo (9,600 ft. High in
Mindanao)
 Lowest Spot – Philippine Deep, situated off the
Pacific coast of the archipelago with 37, 782 ft.
deep, lower than the Marianas Deep with only
35,640 ft. Deep.
 San Juanico Strait – the narrowest strait in the
world between Samar and Leyte.
 Manila Bay – one of the finest harbors in the Asian
World, with the historic Corregidor Island standing
guard as its entrance.
Cont.
 Central Plain in Luzon – largest plain in Central
Luzon, famously known as the “Rice granary of the
Philippines”.
 Cagayan Valley – also in Luzon, is the Asia’s
greatest tobacco producing region.
 Cagayan River – longest river in the Philippines
where tobacco is being drained.
 Laguna de Bay – largest lake in the country.
 1. Land Bridges Theory
 According to this theory, our
country was once part of
mainland Asia.
 As a consequence of the
melting of ice during the
post-glacial era, the level of
the seas rose.
 Due to the sudden rise in
levels of the sea, lower
regions including the land
bridges connecting Asia and
the Philippines were
submerged. This result in the
separation of the Philippines
2. Volcanic Eruption
Theory/Pacific Theory

 This theory was posited by

geologists. They
hypothesized that the
Philippines was of volcanic
origin.
 The sudden eruptions of
volcanoes underneath the sea
had caused the emergence of
islands above seas.
 Thus, they arrived that the
Philippines came into being in
this manner.
 3. The Remnant of a Lost
Continent Theory

 This theory states that the

Philippines is a remnant of
the continent of Lemura or
Mu in the Pacific.
 This continent sank during
the prehistoric era.
 Other remnants of the
aforementioned lost
continent were Borneo,
Celebes, Java, Sumatra,
Carolines, Hawai, and other
small island in the Pacific.
 See Powerpoint Presentation
on Migration Wave
 Filipino Traits. As a people
the Filipinos over the years
have come to value certain
traits like hospitality,
pakikisama, close family ties,
respect for the elders, loyalty
and fatalistic attitude, family-
centerd, highly spiritual,
regionalism etc.