BASIC

APPROACH OF
LEADERSHIP

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 The ability
to influence
a group
toward the
achievement
goals
Leaders

Challenge status quo

01 Create visions of the future
Inspire organizational members to
want to achieve the visions

Managers

Formulate detailed plans

Create efficient organizational
structures
Oversee day-to-day operations
 Traits Theory
OHIO State
Studies

Path-Goal
Theory Behavioral
Theories

Leadership University of
Michigan
Theories Studies
Charismatic

Contemporary Contingency
Theories Theories Fiedler’s Model

transformational Situational
Transactiona Leadership
l Theory
 Theories that Limitations:
TRAIT consider  No universal
personality, social, traits that predict
THEORIES physical, or leadership in all
intellectual traits to situations
differentiate  Traits predict
leaders from non- behavior better in
leaders “weak” than
“strong”
situations.
Leadership Traits:
 Ambition and  Unclear evidence
energy of the cause and
 The desire to lead effect of
 Honesty and relationship of
integrity leadership and
 Self-confidence traits.
 Intelligence  Better predictor
 Job-relevant of the appearance
knowledge of leadership than
distinguishing
effective and
BEHAVIORAL Theories proposing
that specific
The way he/she:
THEORIES behaviors  Making decisions
differentiate  Giving orders
leaders from non-  Communicating
leaders.
 Motivating the staf
 Directing the
employees
Traits Theory:
Leaders are born,  Leading the
not made. meetings
 Setting the rules
Behavioral Theory:
Leadership traits
can be taught.
 Initiating Structure Consideration
OHIO STATES To extent to which The extent to which a
leader is likely to have
a leader is likely to
STUDIES define and a job relationships
characterized by
structure his or her
role and those of mutual trust, respect
subordinates in the for subordinates’
search for goal ideas, and regard
attainment.

.
 Employee Oriented
UNIVERSITY OF Emphasizing
Production-Oriented
Leader
MICHIGAN interpersonal One who emphasizes
relations: taking a technical or task
STUDIES personal interest in aspects of the job.
the needs of
employees and
accepting individual
diferences among
members.

The
Managerial
Grid
 The theory that Leader-member
CONTINGENCY effective groups relations
THEORIES: depend on a The degree of
proper match confidence, trust, and
FIEDLER’S between a leader’s respect subordinates
MODEL style of interacting have in their leader
with subordinates
and the degree to
which the situation Position power
gives control and Influence derived from
influence to the one’s formal structural
leader. position in the
organization; includes
power to hire, fire,
Task Structure
discipline, promote,
The degree to which
and give salary
the job assignments
increases.
are procedurized
 A contingency theory
HERSEY AND that focuses on
followers’ readiness.
BLANCHARD’S
SITUATIONAL TInggi
Hubungan Tugas tinggi
LEADERSHIP tinggi dan dan hubungan

(memberikan tingkah laku

THEORY Tingkah laku hubungan
tugas rendah Tinggi

untuk mendukung)
(3) (2)

Hubungan Tugas tinggi

Rendah dan dan hubungan
Tugas rendah rendah
(4) (1)
Rendah

Rendah Tinggi
Tingkah laku hubungan
(memberikan pedoman/pengarahan)
 A certain quality of Are charismatic
an individual leaders born with
CHARISMATIC personality, by their qualities or
virtue of which he learned?
LEADERSHIP is set apart from
ordinary people
and treated as Key Characteristic:
endowed with
supernatural,  Vision and
superhuman, or at articulation
least specifically  Personal risk
exceptional powers  Sensitivity to
or qualities. follower needs
 Unconventional
behavior
 Transformational: Transactional:

TRANSACTIONAL Inspire followers to Guide the followers

transcend their toward established
AND self-interest for the goals by clarifying
TRANSFORMASIONAL good of the role and task
LEADERSHIP organization and requirements.
can have an
extraordinary
effect on their
follower.

Transactional and
transformational leadership
complement each other; they
aren’t opposing approaches
to getting things done.
 The theory that it is the leader’s job to assist
followers in attaining their goals and to
THE PATH- provide the necessary direction and/or
support to ensure that their goals are
GOAL THEORY compatible with the overall objectives of the
group or organization.
Thank you