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GSM
Layer 3
GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol)
Connect SGSN with GGSN
GPRS Process
Attach process - Process by which the MS attaches (i.e, connects) to the SGSN
in a GPRS network
Authentication process - Process by which the SGSN authenticates the mobile
subscriber
PDP activation process - Process by which a user session is established between
the MS and the destination network
Detach process - Process by which the MS detaches (i.e., disconnects) from the
SGSN in the GPRS network
Network-initiated PDP request for static IP address - Process by which a call from
the packet data network reaches the MS using a static IP address
Network-initiated PDP request for dynamic IP address - Process by which a call
from the packet data network reaches the MS using a dynamic IP address
UMTS
Call drop
RTP timeout, bearer is released suddenly
Call fail
Can’t establish bearer
Call mute
Can’t receive incoming call
Can’t send SMS, MMS
Can’t receive SMS, MMS
LTE to Wi-Fi handover fail
LTE registration fail
3GPP/RFC specification
3GPP TS 24.301: “Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for Evolved Packet System; Stage 3”
3GPP TS 36.300: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall Description; Stage 2”
3GPP TS 24.302: “Access to the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) via Non-3GPP Access Networks”
3GPP TS 36.331: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRAN); Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Protocol Specification”
3GPP TS 36.401: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Architecture
Description”
3GPP TS 36.413: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); S1 Application
Protocol (S1AP)”
RFC 3261 : Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
RFC 5995 : Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2)
RFC 2408 : Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)
Qualcomm chipset