Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EARTHING
• Ungrounded System
– Neutral connection on Generator/ Transformer is
not connected to earth at all
• Reactance grounding
– Neutral connection on
Generator / transformer
is connected to earth
(0V) through a fixed
reactance to limit the
earth fault current
– Can be cheaper
compared to resistance
Earthing by
• Closing of earthing links
• Attaching of fixed earthing devices
• Affixing of portable earthing straps
Technology Training that works
Importance of Earthing
Ensure before applying earth
• Earthing connection is mechanically, electrically in
good condition
• No broken strands
• Clamps should be rigid and without defect
• Applied properly in intimate contact with conductors
and earth-bar/ spike
• Earthing cable tails as short as possible
• Connect to earth first when installing earthing,
disconnect earth last while removing earthing
• Electrocution
Person
touches
transformer
tank now live
Lower
touch
potential
• LV Systems:
• Usually solidly grounded
• Metallic contact between ground of consumer and
system neutral
• Special cases such as SELV power supplies may be
of ungrounded type
Materials
• Copper
• Copper clad steel
• Galvanized steel
• Copper clad stainless
steel
• Sometimes called a
leach electrode
• Chemical mixtures are
added to lower
resistance of soil
• Needs regular
maintenance
Substation Capacity
Below 4.16kV Above 4.16kV
Below 1000kVA 5 10
1000kVA ~ 5000kVA 2 5
Small Distribution 15 25
Transformer Banks