Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Member of groups :
1. Mayang Novikayanti (161101025)
2. Melinda Mega P (161101026)
3. Moch. Nur Kholis M. H. (161101027)
4. Mukhrodi (161101028)
5. Nazuan Jesica E. (161101029)
6. Nisfi Badriyahtul L. (161101030)
7. Yusuf wiyono (161101050)
1. Anatomy physiology of human body
2. Medical records
3. Nursing work in the ward
4. Nursing intervation
5. Medical devices
6. Nursing assessement of diagnose
7. Dietary programs
8. Walking aids
Human Body Parts and
Systems
When we look ourselves in a mirror, we
could name our body parts like head,
neck, chest, abdomen, trunk, hands, legs,
feet. Each of the body parts is framed by
the fundamental unit of life called cells.
The build-up of our organs would be like Cell ->
Tissue -> Organs -> Organ System -> Organism.
Anatomy of body parts:
Human Physiology
It is referred to the physical, mechanical, and
biochemical function of humans. This study lays the
foundation stone of modern medicine. This connects
health, medicine, and science in the way that studies
how the human body is acquainted itself to physical
activity, stress, and diseases.
The person who is trained to study Human
physiology is called a Physiologist. Herman
Boerhaave is referred to as the father of physiology
for his exemplary research and teaching during 1708.
Circulatory system
…
The circulatory system is also referred to as the
cardiovascular system. It comprises the heart
and all the blood vessels: arteries, capillaries,
and veins. It is called as the “transportation
system” that helps to transfer oxygen,
nutrients, fuels, waste product, circulating
blood from one body part to another etc. The
heart’s primary work is to carry the blood to
move from tissues to blood vessels and back.
Digestive system
The organs related to digestive
system are:
Mouth
Teeth
Tongue
Stomach.
Esophagus.
Liver.
Pancreas.
Gastrointestinal Tract – Small and Large
Intestine and Rectum
Human Reproductive System
The female reproductive
system:
Ovaries : Produces ovum – female egg as well as
the hormone estrogen.
Uterine tubes: Oviducts or fallopian tubes are the
other names given for uterus tubes. Popularly
known as the womb, the Uterus is the pear-shaped
organ that is considered as the home for the fetus
to grow. The cervix is the route to vagina and
gateway for sperm to enter.
Vagina acts as the route for a penis to enter during
intercourse as well as the fetus to deliver.
The Male reproductive body
parts are:
The male reproductive system consists testicles as
one of the prime members that act as a storehouse
of sperms. These oval-shaped organs are a encased in
a pouch that is called scrotum. Next to testis is the
vas deferens that are the accessory ducts for the
male sexual system. When sperm is formed, it is
mixed with fluids that are produced by seminal
glands, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland. The main
purpose of Cowper gland is to hike the semen volume
and lubrication during coitus.
Respiratory System
Respiratory organs take care of the entire
respiratory process that involves intake of oxygen
and exhale of carbon dioxide among the organisms
and environment. This system is also known as the
ventilatory system or respiratory apparatus.
Respiration starts with the cycle of inhalation and
exhalation. By inhalation, we mean the passage
from where the oxygen enters into the body and by
exhalation we mean the passage through which
carbon dioxide exits from the human system
respiratory organs include
Trachea,
Bronchi,
Bronchioles,
Lungs
Diaphragm
By diffusion, molecules of carbon dioxide and oxygen
are exchanged passively among the blood cells and
external environment. This swap is done through
alveoli (which are the air sacks) in the lungs.
Nervous System
The voluntary and involuntary actions are
maintained and taken care by the central
nervous system. It helps to channel the
signals to and from different parts of our
body. Nervous System is broadly classified
into two categories :
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
The Central Nervous system
consists of:
The forebrain: It comprises of the cerebrum,
hypothalamus, and thalamus. The largest part of the
brain is the cerebrum. Thinking, perceiving,
controlling motor function, receiving and processing
information and understanding language are the
main functions done by this section of the brain.Also,
the sexual development and emotions functions are
attached to the forebrain.
The Midbrain: It is situated between the hypothalamus
and thalamus. The brain stem is associated with
midbrain. Auditory and visual responses are controlled
by midbrain.
The Hindbrain: The medulla, pons, and cerebellum are
together tied in the hindbrain. Interconnections of
different parts of the brain’s surface that helps to
accommodate neurons and connect them to spinal
column are done by the Hindbrain.
The peripheral nervous
system consists of:
Somatic nervous system: The system’s main
purpose is to transmit the impulses from
skeletal muscles to CNS and back. The best
examples might be of the olfactory system, a
sensory system like optic etc. The spinal nerves
are considered as the merging point.
Autonomic Nervous System: The system helps
to relay impulse from central nervous system to
smooth muscles and involuntary organs.
Preparation of the body against any violent
attack or abnormal conditions are taken care by
the system.
MEDICAL RECORD
researchers.
previous medical history is an emerging
1. Advocate;
2. Chaperone;
3. Transitions;
4. Informative;
5. Organiser;
6. Nurse-centred.
Advocate
As members of the ward team attending the round,
nurses need to know their patients. “Knowing”
arises from taking a nursing handover and looking
after a group of patients, so handovers and ward
rounds are inextricably linked if nurses are to
successfully represent those patients in their care
(Jugessur and Iles, 2009)
Chaperone
As with any other examination or
intervention, protecting patients’ dignity and
privacy is a priority for nurses during ward
rounds (Lambert, 2010).
Transitions
Subjective Data :
He states he has been having blurry vision, extreme thirst, and
frequent urination since last Sunday night after he attended a
Super Bowl Party. He stated that since yesterday morning he
has been vomiting. Pt states he has been a type 1 diabetic
since he was 5 years old. He states he finds being a diabetic an
inconvenience and hardly ever checks his sugar and only
occasionally will he give himself insulin injections. Regular
Insulin per sliding scale with meals (pt states he only does this
occasionally), Levemir 35 units subq at night (pt states he
hasn’t taken this in over 2 months).
Objective Data:
VS: HR 106, BP 108/68, O2 Sat 97% on RA 25, On
assessment, pt eyes look sunken, skin turgor
greater than 3 seconds, breath smells fruity, and
pt skin looks dry and flushed. Pt takes the
following medications: Neurontin 300mg PO BID,
Lortab 10-325mg 1-2 Tabs every 6 hours as
needed for pain, Metformin 1000 mg PO BID. Lab
work: Glucose 636, K+ 2.9
Nursing Outcomes :
• Pt’s Blood Glucose will be 80-150 within 24
hours.
• Pt K+ Level will be 3.5-5.0 within 12 hours.
• Pt will verbalize 4 long-term side effects of un-
managed diabetes by discharge.
• Pt will demonstrated to the RN how to take his
blood sugar and how to get himself insulin
injections by discharge.
Nursing Interventions:
Pt will be started on an Insulin gtt and blood
sugars will be check every hour per md order until
pt’s blood sugars are 80-150.-Pt will be given
potassium supplementation per md order and a
BMP will be drawn 1 hour after potassium
supplementation is given to check K+.
The nurse will verbalize and provide printed
material to pt on the side effects of un-managed
diabetes.
The nurse will demonstrate to the pt how to check
blood sugars and give insulin injections properly
and will ask the patient to reciprocate.
1. Warm Water Zak (Beld.)
Hot Water Botle (Ing)
Function : To Compress Hot
6. Colostomy Bag
Fuction : To Accommodate Feces In Patients After Colon
Surgery (Artificial Intestinal Surgery Through Muscle And
Abdominal Skin)
7. Urinal
Fuction : To Accommodate Urine In Patients
Who Can Not / Can To The Toilet
To Boy To Girl
8. Bedpan
Fuction : To Accommodate
Feces In Patients Who Can
Not / Can To The Toilet
9. Pus Basin, Emesis Basin
Fuction : To Accommodate
Vomiting, Pus, Cotton Scrap
Etc.
12. Gloves
Fuction : to protect the
hands from the
influence of the
surrounding
environment
WING NEEDLE
FUCTION : AS AN EXTENSION OF THE VEIN
FOR ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS
FLUIDS OR LONG-TERM INTRA-VENOUS
DRUGS.
13. Feeding Tube
Fuction : For
Nutritional / Fluid
Feeding Through The
Mouth Or Nose.
22. Stethoscope
Fuction : To Hear The Sound
Of Organs Eg. Heart, Lungs
Etc.
A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment concerning a
human response to health conditions/life processes, or
a vulnerability for that response, by an individual,
family, group or community.
Nursing
diagnosis
negative positive
Healt
actual risk promotio
n
Problem(P) is a description of the
client’s circustances in which nursing
actions can be given.
Etiology(E) is a factor that affect client
status changes.
Sign and symtoms (S) is a objective and
subjective data obtained from physical
examination and anamnesis
1. Walker
2. Wheelchairs
3. Sticks
4. Kruk
1. Walker
Walker is a tool that is very lightweight, easy to
move, waist-high, made of metal pipes.
Walker has four legs with rubber-coated ends and
plastic-coated handrails
Purpose of Use of Walker :
1. Help Maintain balance
2. Avoid risk when walking
3. Reduce the negative impact of immobility
4. Support the patient's weight
Function Using Walker :
1. To speed healing during the recovery period
2. No dependence on others to run their activities.
3. Provide a sense of security, because the walker
has sides that are not easily collapsed is very
suitable for patients with accidents two feet.
Counter Indications :
1. Patient in bedrest condition.
2. Patients with post op.
Types Of Walker:
1. Walker Walker Without Wheel
Tool (Walker Standard)
2. Walker Wheeled
Walker Tool
3. Wheeled Walker Wheel
Tool + Stand