Professional Documents
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• Graduated staffs are held vertically over the first point and a reading made of the intersection of the
cross-hair with the image of the staff (back sight - BS).
• The same or an identical staff is then held vertically over the second point and a further reading
made (foresight - FS).
• The difference between the two readings is the difference in height between the two points:
• h = bs – fs
• This process can be repeated as the level can be moved to beyond the second point and the height
difference between the second and a third point measured by the same process.
• The distance from level to staff is dictated by the steepness of the terrain and the clarity of the image
viewed by the observer.
Auto Level
Hammer
Measuring Tape
Instrument
Plumbob Staff Bubble Tripod
Procedure
1. Firstly, two-peg test were done to ensure instruments are really good to be done for the exact
levelling testing to be conducted.
2. Then, the first point were started at Temporary Bench Mark 7 (TBM 7) to TBM 10 and back to TBM
7.
3. Each and every checkpoints were fixed with every distance which would be suitable and the distance
were from 10-15 Meters.
4. As for first point were started with Back Side (BS) view at TBM 7 and the instrument were setup at
the middle of each checkpoints as L/2 and the Foreside (FS) for each checkpoints.
5. Then the BS and FS were recorded as Rise and Fall where rise shows positive average value and fall
shows the negative average value.
6. Data were recorded and same procedure done to the maximum of checkpoints up to CP 14.
Data Analysis
Calculation
Arithmetic check
∑BS −∑FS = 21.484 – 21.474 = 0.01
∑RISE −∑FALL = 6.604 – 6.594 = 0.01
R.L (B) – R.L (T) = 23.273 – 23.263 = 0.01
SK < HSK
10mm < 11.7 mm
Correction
0.01 /16 = 6.25 x 10 ^ -4
Example CP 13
0.009 - ( 6.25 x 10 ^ -4 )