The Different Faces of

Depression
Catherine Kim
May 2, 2018
 Proposed research questions

◆ Is there an actual difference in depression in the

Asian population and American population?
◆ How? Why?

◆ If there is a difference, how does one diagnose such

disease that manifests itself in different ways and
how do you treat them?
 Purpose of Research

◆ Examine the different faces of depression

◆ Discuss the disparity of treatment options for Asian

populations and why it this is important in the
radiology field

◆ Educate society about the underrepresentation of

depression in Asian communities
Overview of findings

Difference of depression in Asian population in Asia

and America
◆ Directly correlated to: Asian values3, 8, 9
◆ Symptoms2,3
◆ Coping strategies10, 13

Disparity in Depression Treatment5, 7

◆ Misdiagnosis
◆ Lack of trust
 Overview of findings (cont.)

◆ Functional MRI16-19
◆ Visual stimuli
◆ Neutral and
negative pictures
20
Significance of Research

◆ Shows that depression is different in the Asian

population and cannot be treated the same

◆ Bridge and facilitate debate on depression and

its underrepresentation in Asian communities
Conclusion

◆ Depression is not depression is not depression

◆ More research needed (fMRI)

 References

1. New RTI Cinemavision MRI video MRI Accessories For Sale - DOTmed Listing #925776: DOTmed.com.
https://www.dotmed.com/listing/mri-accessories/rti/cinemavision-mri-video/925776. Accessed May 1, 2018.
2. Kirmayer LJ, Gomez-Carrillo A, Veissière S. Culture and depression in global mental health: An ecosocial approach to
the phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. Soc Sci Med 2017;183:163-168. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.034.
3. Jeon HJ, Walker RS, Inamori A, et al. Differences in depressive symptoms between Korean and American outpatients
with major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2014;29(3):150-156. doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000019.
4. Shao Z, Richie WD, Bailey RK. Racial and ethnic disparity in major depressive disorder. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities
2016;3(4):692-705. doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0188-6.
5. Alegría M, Chatterji P, Wells K, et al. Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority
populations in the United States. Psychiatr Serv 2008;59(11):1264-1272. doi:10.1176/ps.2008.59.11.1264.
6. Augsberger A, Yeung A, Dougher M, Hahm HC. Factors influencing the underutilization of mental health services
among Asian American women with a history of depression and suicide. BMC Health Serv Res 2015;15:542.
doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1191-7.
7. Bond MH. Finding universal dimensions of individual variation in multicultural studies of values: The Rokeach and
Chinese value surveys. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988;55(6):1009-1015. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.1009.
 References (cont.)

8. Chae DH, Lee S, Lincoln KD, Ihara ES. Discrimination, family relationships, and major depression among Asian
Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2012;14(3):361-370. doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9548-4.
9. Wong YJ, Kim S-H, Tran KK. Asian Americans’ adherence to Asian values, attributions about depression, and
coping strategies. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2010;16(1):1-8. doi:10.1037/a0015045.
10. Iwamoto DK, Liao L, Liu WM. Masculine Norms, Avoidant Coping, Asian Values and Depression among Asian
American Men. Psychol. Men Masc. 2010;11(1):15-24. doi:10.1037/a0017874.
11. Shin HS, Han H-R, Kim MT. Predictors of psychological well-being amongst Korean immigrants to the United
States: a structured interview survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2007;44(3):415-426. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.007.
12. Chung IW, Caine ED, Barron CT, Badaracco MA. Clinical and Psychosocial Profiles of Asian Immigrants Who
Repeatedly Attempt Suicide: A Mixed-Method Study of Risk and Protective Factors. Crisis 2015;36(5):353-362.
doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000334.
13. Yeung A, Wang F, Feng F, et al. Outcomes of an online computerized cognitive behavioral treatment program for
treating chinese patients with depression: A pilot study. Asian J Psychiatr 2017. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.11.007.
 References (cont.)

14. Miller, Greg. Why Is Mental Illness So Hard to Treat? http://science.sciencemag.org

15. Wang L, Hermens DF, Hickie IB, Lagopoulos J. A systematic review of resting-state functional-MRI studies in
major depression. J Affect Disord 2012;142(1-3):6-12. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.013.
16. van Heerden J, Desmond PM, Phal PM. Functional MRI in clinical practice: a pictorial essay. J Med Imaging Radiat
Oncol 2014;58(3):320-326. doi:10.1111/1754-9485.12158.
17. Zhou Y, Yu C, Zheng H, et al. Increased neural resources recruitment in the intrinsic organization in major
depression. J Affect Disord 2010;121(3):220-230. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.029.
18. Anand A, Li Y, Wang Y, et al. Activity and connectivity of brain mood regulating circuit in depression: a
functional magnetic resonance study. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57(10):1079-1088. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.021.
19. Bandettini PA. Twenty years of functional MRI: the science and the stories. Neuroimage 2012;62(2):575-588.
doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.026.
20. Sheline YI, Price JL, Yan Z, Mintun MA. Resting-state functional MRI in depression unmasks increased
connectivity between networks via the dorsal nexus. PNAS. http://www.pnas.org/content/107/24/11020. Published
June 15, 2010. Accessed May 1, 2018.
Thank you!
Questions?