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1
Index
15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange
protons
15.2 Strengths of Brønsted acids and bases follow
periodic trends
15.3 Lewis acids and bases involve coordinate
covalent bonds
15.4 Elements and their oxides demonstrate acid-
base properties
15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution
15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in
solution
2
Brønsted Acid/Base Reactions Transfer H+
• Acid is a proton donor
• Base is a proton acceptor
• NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
HCl is the acid – it donate a proton to the base
NaOH is the base – it accepts the proton from the acid
• In water:
H2O + HCl → H3O+ + Cl–
HCl is the acid – it donate a proton to the base
Water is the base – it accepts the proton from the acid
acid base
HCN(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l) + CN-(aq)
base acid
conjugate pair
Cl- HCl
NH3 NH4+
C2H3O2- HC2H3O2
CN- HCN
F- HF
δ-
• CH4 or NH3
δ+
δ+ δ+
• HF or HI
δ-
δ-
• NH3 + H+ ↔ NH4+
• F- + BF3 ↔ BF4-
-
-
: :
: :
[OH-] [H3O+] pH
pH pOH [H3O+]
pH = -log (0.1) = 1