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To Build Various Types of Ships

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more?
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Visit to Saint Martin……
Basic Naval Architecture and
ME 419
Marine Engineering

Credit hour -3

Contact hours -3/ Wk

 Syllabus

Naval Architecture
 Ship’s terms

 General particulars and Hull form

 Definition of ships and ocean structures

 Lightweight, deadweight, capacity and tonnage

measurement

 Displacement, tonne per cm immersion,

coefficient of form and wetted surface area
 Syllabus
 Basic idea on ship design, various drawings in ship
design
 Description of general arrangement (GA), shell
expansion, lines plan and other related drawings
Marine Engineering

 Basic idea on ship propulsion sys and machinery

 Basic engine types, operation of SI engine, CI
engine, Gas turbine engine
Supercharging, scavenging and exhaust gas
analysis and air pollution
 Class Tests

 Total Four class Tests – Best Three will be

counted

 At Regular Interval

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 Ship’s Terms

 Length Overall
 Length Between Perpendiculars
 Breadth
 Depth
 Draft
 Breadth moulded, Depth moulded
 Wetted surface

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 Ship’s Terms

 Length Overall [LOA] is measured from the

extreme forward end of the bow to the
extreme aft end of the stern

 Length Between Perpendiculars [LBP] is

measured from the forward surface of the stem,
or main bow perpendicular member, to the after
surface of the sternpost, or main stern
perpendicular member
 Ship’s Terms

 Length on Load Waterline [LWL] is an important

dimension because length at the waterline is a key
factor in the complex problem of speed, resistance,
and friction.LWL is greater than the LBP

 Ship's extreme breadth, commonly called beam, is

measured from the most outboard point on one
side to the most outboard point on the other at the
widest point on the ship
Ship’s Terms

16
 Ship’s Terms

 Breadth Molded is the breadth of the ship

excluding the plate thickness on both side

 “Depth" is the measurement taken from the

bottom from the keel to uppermost deck

 Draft is the measurement taken from the bottom

from the keel to water line
Ship’s Terms
 Ship’s Terms

 DISPLACEMENT, LIGHT - The weight of the ship

excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores, passengers,
crew, but with water in boilers to steaming level

 DISPLACEMENT, LOADED - The weight of the ship

including cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores,
and such other items necessary for use on a voyage,
which brings the ship down to her load draft
 Ship’s Terms

 DEADWEIGHT - The total lifting capacity of a ship

expressed in tons. It is the difference between the
displacement light and the displacement loaded

 CARGO DEADWEIGHT - Capacity is determined by

deducting from total deadweight the weight of
fuel, water, stores, crew passengers, and other
items necessary for use on a voyage
 Ship’s Terms

 GROSS TONNAGE - The entire internal cubic

capacity of the ship expressed in tons, except certain
spaces which are exempted, such as:

(1) peak and other tanks for water ballast

(2) spaces above the uppermost continuous deck,

such as: open forecastle, bridge and poop, certain
light and air spaces, domes of skylights, condenser,
anchor gear, steering gear, wheel house, galley and
cabins for passengers
 Ship’s Terms

 NET TONNAGE is a vessel's gross tonnage minus

deductions of space occupied by accommodations for
crew, machinery, navigation, engine room and fuel

 A vessel's net tonnage expresses the space available

for the accommodation of passengers and the stowage
of cargo

 Net tonnage most frequently used for the

calculation of tonnage taxes and the assessment of
charges for port dues
 Ship’s Terms

 The hull is the main body of the ship below the

main outside deck

 Hull consists of an outside covering (or skin) and an

inside framework to which the skin is secured

 The skin and framework are usually made of steel

and secured by welding
 Ship’s Terms
BULKHEADS
 The interior of the ship is divided by the
bulkheads and decks into watertight
compartments

 Too many compartments would interfere with

the arrangement of mechanical equipment and
the operation of the ship

 Engine rooms and Cargo spaces must be large

enough to accommodate bulky machinery
Ship’s Terms

Bulkheads and Decks

 Ship’s Terms

External Parts of the Hull

 Ship’s Terms

NAMES OF DECKS
 Ship’s Terms

Locations and Directions Aboard Ship

 Ship’s Terms

 Center of Gravity
 Center of Buoyancy
 Centre of Flotation
 Port and Starboard
 Bow and Astern
 Forecastle, Quarter deck, Maintop
 Deck
 Superstructure

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Buoyancy

The upward thrust exerted by the water on the ship . If

the ship floats freely the buoyancy is equal to the weight
of the ship.
The force of byoyancy acts through CB, which is the CG
of the underwater volume of the ship.
Metacenter

M
Righting Moment and Righting Lever

RIGHTING MOMENT acting on the ship is calculated by

multiplying the displacement, W, by the horizontal
distance between the resolved forces of weight and
buoyancy, GZ. This horizontal distance GZ, which
separates the forces of weight and buoyancy as the
ship heels, is called the RIGHTING LEVER.
The Righting Moment depends on…….

The stability of a ship (i.e. her resistance to heeling forces) at any

angle of heel is given by her righting moment, which depends on
the following:

a. The size and shape of the submerged part of hull (which

determine the position of B).

b. The distribution of the weights of stores, fuel, weapons,

machinery, etc, (which determines the position of G).

As the weight and the centre of gravity of a ship remain unaltered

(apart from small differences due to free liquids) when she is
heeled by an external force, her stability can be judged by the
length of the righting lever GZ at the particular displacement.
The Stability of a ship depends on…….

The stability of a ship depends on the following three factors:

a. The shape of her hull (both of the part normally

underwater and the part liable to be submerged as the ship
rolls), which determines the position and movement of the
centre of buoyancy.

b. The arrangement of all weights such as the hull, machinery'

stores, weapons and fuel, etc, which determines the position of
the centre of gravity.

c. The positions of the centres of gravity and buoyancy in

relation to each other and to the ship.
 Ship’s Terms

 Center of Gravity : The total weight of the ship

acts downward through a central point which is
called as Center of Gravity. It is usually
expressed by G
 Ship’s Terms

 Center of Buoyancy : Buoyancy means the

upward force exerted on the ship’s hull by the
water when she is floating and equal to the
weight of water she displaces. Although this
force is distributed over all the under water
surface of the ship’s hull it can also be resolved
into a single force exerted through a central
point which is called Center of Buoyancy
Ship’s Terms
Ship’s Terms
Ship’s Terms
Ship’s Terms
Ship’s Terms