Forestryy

Owen
BY:
Quinn
Albert Kyle
 Commercial VS NON-Commercial
 Commercial forests are specially designed to be cut down by
machines
 There is more room between trees for the machines
 These forests are located near railways, roadways, and
waterways for easy transportation
Forests
 About 38% of Canada’s land is forest (or 9.1 million square
km)
 About 3.4 million square km of which is commercial forests
 About 42% (1.428 million square km) of Canada’s
commercial forests are located in British Columbia
 Methods of Harvesting
Trees

A woody perennial plant, typically having a single stem or trunk, growing to a

considerable height and bearing lateral branches at some distance from the
ground

Can be categorized by height, thickness, species, maturity, or by being a

softwood or hardwood

Many different species native to Canada

Roughly 34 different species of trees native to Ontario, such as the black ash
tree, eastern red cedar, pin oak, and white birch to name a few.
Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear Cutting

● Cheapest

● Fastest

● Leads to a uniform forest

● If not replanted, can be damaging to soil

Shelterwood Cutting

● Partial clear cutting

● Seed bearing trees left

● Disperses age
Selective Cutting
● Most expensive

● Slowest process

● Much less disruptive to the forest environment

● Used for trees that require shade

● Prevents creation of uniform forest

Current Issues

Mountain Pine Beetle

Not handled by winter weather

Colonizes far

Caused great loss to B.C. pine

Spruce Budworm
Native to Canada

At peak of fluctuating population

Forest Fires
Larger threat with hotter climate

Increased in severity and area burned

Possible Solutions

Some possible solutions to the problems the forests are currently

facing are to make laws limiting the amount of forest clearing, making
more thorough invasive species security or even just to make us more
prepared like a raised fire budget or higher quality disaster prevention
supplies. Even though these changes would slow down/set back other
industries, keeping the planet we live on habitable should be one of if
not the biggest priority.
Importance
 The forestry industry is very important to the economy
because it produces up to $81 billion dollars a year in sales.
 The industry also creates 360 thousand direct jobs (such as
loggers and transporters), and 500 thousand indirect jobs
(such as workers at a pulp mill).
 Lumber products can include raw cut timber, plywood, cedar
shingles, particleboard, and chipboard.
 While Quebec is the largest producer of paper and paper
products (cardboard, pulp, etc.), British Columbia is the
largest producer of lumber and lumber products.
 British Columbia's forestry industry has been hurt since the
1980s because of punitive trade deals with the USA made to
protect the American market.
 For many Canadians, recreational activities such as camping,
hiking, canoeing, kayaking, and fishing are a frequent and
important part of their lives.
 For this reason, it is important to keep Canada's forests
thriving with plants.
Stewardship

Forest stewardship is the job of taking care of the forests and falls into
seven main principles:
Ecological Integrity: the care and maintenance of the forest.
Information/Understanding: the knowledge of the values and
functions of the forests.
Management Goals/Objectives: society's determined goals in forest
management.
Social Foundation: management strategies that encompass the
interests of society.
Temporal Options: management strategies that will still have benefit in
the future.
Spatial Strategies: the planning of space within the forest.
Adaptive Practice: management strategies of how to avoid threats.
Forestry Jobs And Description

Forest Operations: The responsibility of this job is planning effective

harvesting methods that minimize the effect on the environment and
putting them to work.
Resources Management/Conservation: The responsibility of this job is
to find and develop new ways to balance the overuse of environmental
resources.
Forest Sciences: The responsibility of this job is to study the scientific
principles of the different features of the forests.
Urban Forestry: The responsibility of this job is to care for and manage
the trees that are in urban environments and in the long run improve
the urban environment.
These jobs have been very successful for the most part, however they
still have a long way to go to meet their final goal of restoring and
maintaining the earth's environment.
Threats

There are many things that have long acted as a threat to forestry, a lot
being made even more dangerous and unstable recently due to climate
change. A lot of the threats in forestry are weather-related such as
droughts, storms and floods; other threats include fires, insect
infestations and disease, fires being one of the biggest problems. Other
big possible threats are invasive species and human forest clearing. At
the time there are no great ways to prevent these threats, however
with the focus being put on it there may be at some point down the
line.
Bibliography

http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/climate-change/science/impacts/forest-impacts/

https://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/tree-atlas

http://member.abcfp.ca/web/Files/publications/Principles_of_Stewardship_2012.p
df?WebsiteKey=4b6af123-da4f-4a97-a963-
579ada9e5955&=404%3bhttp%3a%2f%2fmember.abcfp.ca%3a80%2fWEB%2fab
cfp%2fFiles%2fpublications%2fPrinciples_of_Stewardship_2012.pdf

http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5507e/y5507e01.htm

http://www.ubc.ca/

Making Connections (Second Edition) Canada’s Geography