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The Stone Age
Prehistoric Art
The Paleolithic Period
The Mesolithic Period
The Neolithic Period
The Bronze Age
Prehistoric Art
Prehistoric Art > The Stone Age
The Stone Age

• The Stone Age
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/prehistoric-art-2/the-stone-age-44/
Prehistoric Art > The Paleolithic Period
The Paleolithic Period

• Paleolithic Architecture
• Paleolithic Artifacts
• Paleolithic Cave Paintings
• Paleolithic Sculpture
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/prehistoric-art-2/the-paleolithic-period-45/
Prehistoric Art > The Mesolithic Period
The Mesolithic Period

• Mesolithic Art
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/prehistoric-art-2/the-mesolithic-period-46/
Prehistoric Art > The Neolithic Period
The Neolithic Period

• Neolithic Art
• Neolithic Monuments
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/prehistoric-art-2/the-neolithic-period-47/
Prehistoric Art > The Bronze Age
The Bronze Age

• Art of the Bronze Age
• Bronze Age Rock Carvings
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/prehistoric-art-2/the-bronze-age-48/
Appendix
Prehistoric Art
Key terms
• artifacts Objects that are created by a human being with cultural and historical significance.
• barrow A mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.
• cairn A human-made pile of stones.
• chiaroscuro An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of exaggerated light contrasts in
order to create the illusion of volume.
• cist A small stone-built coffin-like box used to hold the bodies of the dead.
• civilization An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or
system of social, political or technical development.
• cruciform Having the shape of a cross.
• curvilinear Having bends; curved; formed by curved lines.
• domesticated Tame, naturalized.
• Eurasia The largest landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia.
• flint A hard, fine-grained quartz that fractures conchoidally and generates sparks when struck.
• flint A hard, fine-grained quartz that fractures conchoidally and generates sparks when struck.
Prehistoric Art
• henge A prehistoric enclosure in the form of a circle or circular arc defined by a raised circular bank and a circular ditch usually
running inside the bank, with one or more entrances leading into the enclosed open space.
• Hut A small wooden shed, a primitive temporary dwelling.
• logogram A character or symbol that represents a word or phrase (e.g., a character of the Chinese writing system).
• Mammoth Alarge, hairy, extinct elephant-like mammal of the taxonomic genus Mammuthus.
• Megalith A construction involving one or several roughly hewn stone slabs of great size.
• Mesolithic A prehistoric period that lasted between 10,000 and 5,000 BC.
• metallurgy The science of metals: their extraction from ores, purification and alloying, heat treatment, and working.
• Microlith A small stone tool.
• Nomad A member of a community of people who move from one place to another, rather than settling permanently in one
location.
• ochre An earth pigment containing silica, aluminum, and ferric oxide
• Paleolithic Early stage of the Stone Age, when primitive stone tools were used.
• paleoliths A stone relic of the Paleolithic era.
Prehistoric Art
• Parietal Art Paintings, murals, drawings, etchings, carvings, and pecked artwork on the interior of rock shelters and caves; also
known as cave art.
• Parietal Art Paintings, murals, drawings, etchings, carvings, and pecked artwork on the interior of rock shelters and caves; also
known as cave art.
• passage grave A burial chamber consisting of a narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers
covered in earth or stone.
• polychromy The art or practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic way.
• prehistory The span of time before recorded history; all the time preceding human existence and the invention of writing.
• quartzite Ametamorphic rock consisting of interlocking grains of quartz.
• rectilinear In a straight line.
• serpentiform Having the form of a serpent.
• shamanism A range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world.
• Smelt Production of metal-- especially iron-- from ore in a process that involves melting and the chemical reduction of metal
compounds into purified metal.
• trilithon A structure consisting of two stone pillars supporting a horizontal stone.
Prehistoric Art
Venus of Hohle Fels

Oldest known Venus figurine. Also the oldest known, undisputed depiction of a human being in prehistoric art. Made of mammoth tusk and found in
Germany.
Wikipedia. "venus of hohle fels.pdf.jpeg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Figures from 'Ain Ghazal (c. 7,500-5,000 BCE)

Plaster and bitumen. Amman, Jordan.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-20100923_amman41.jpeg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11749560 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Tell Halaf fertility figure (c. 5,000 BCE)

This statuette is seated with legs extended, her arms cradling her protruding breasts. Bands of pigment emphasize the full, rounded forms of her limbs
and suggest facial features, a necklace, and loincloth.
Wikimedia Commons. "312px-Syrian_-_-Tel_Halaf-_Fertility_Figurine_-_Walters_482741_-_Three_Quarter.jpg." Public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18824531 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
View of Gobekli Tepe

Situated in the southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, it is recognized as the oldest known human-made religious structure.
Wikipedia. "Göbekli Tepe, Urfa." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe,_Urfa.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Pottery from the Late Ubaid period

Ubaid-style pottery has been found at various sites along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf.
Wikipedia. "Frieze-group-3-example1." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frieze-group-3-example1.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Example of Halafian pottery

These were produced by specialist potters. Some were painted with geometric and animal motifs.
Wikipedia. "Halafpottery." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Halafpottery.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Avebury
Part of the south inner circle.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Avebury_(South_Inner_Circle),_Wiltshire,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0
Prehistoric Art
Plan of Stonehenge
Key to plan: (1) The Altar Stone, (2) barrow without a burial, (3) "barrows" without burials, (4) the fallen Slaughter Stone, (5) the Heel Stone, (6) two of
originally four Station Stones, (7) ditch, (8) inner bank, (9) outer bank, (10) the Avenue, (11) ring of 30 pits called the Y Holes, (12) ring of 29 pits called
the Z Holes, (13) circle of 56 pits, known as the Aubrey holes, (14) smaller southern entrance.
Wikimedia Commons. "493px-Stonehenge_plan.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=167793 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Stonehenge
Salisbury Plain, England.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Stonehenge,_Condado_de_Wiltshire,_Inglaterra,_2014-08-12,_DD_12.jpeg." CC BY-SA 4.0
Prehistoric Art
Bronze castings
Assorted bronze Celtic castings dating from the Bronze Age, found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. Somerset County Museum,
Taunton, UK.
Wikimedia Commons. "393px-Assorted_bronze_castings.jpeg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=396369 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Bronze sword blade (c. 800 BCE)

Museum of National Antiques, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
Wikimedia Commons. "480px-Sword_bronze_age_(2nd_version).jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Sword_bronze_age.JPG
View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Linear B inscription
This fragment from the Mycenaean palace of Pylos contains information on the distribution of bovine, pig, and deer hides to shoe and saddle-makers.
Linear B was the earliest Greek writing, dating from 1450 BCE, an adaptation of the earlier Minoan Linear A script. The script is made up of 90 syllabic
signs, ideograms and numbers. This and other tablets were fortuitously preserved when they were baked in the fire that destroyed the palace around
1200 BCE. It is on display at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-NAMA_Linear_B_tablet_of_Pylos.jpg." CC BY 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7633385
Prehistoric Art
Entrance to megalithic temple at Ggantija, Malta

The Ġgantija temples are older than the pyramids of Egypt and have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Wikipedia. "Ggantija Temples (1)." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ggantija_Temples_(1).jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
View of Newgrange, Ireland

Newgrange is more than five hundred years older than the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, and predates Stonehenge by about a thousand years.
Wikipedia. "Newgrange ireland 750px." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newgrange_ireland_750px.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Pillar with low reliefs of what are believed to be a bull, fox, and crane.
Although pillars with animal reliefs are abundant in Gobleki Tepe, very few depictions of human and humanoid figures have been found.
Wikimedia Commons. "319px-Gobekli_Tepe_2.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17377759 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
View of the excavated ruins at Tell Halaf, Syria

It was the first find of the Neolithic culture, subsequently dubbed the Halaf culture.
Wikipedia. "TellHalaf,NE-palace1." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TellHalaf,NE-palace1.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Reverse and obverse sides of Narmer Palette, this facsimile on display at the Royal Ontario Museum in
Toronto, Canada
The Narmer Palette, named after Egyptian King Narmer, is a significant Egyptian archeological find, dating from about the 3,100 BCE, containing some
of the earliest hieroglyphic inscriptions ever found.
Wikipedia. "NarmerPalette ROM-gamma." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Ritual cooking vessel

China, Shang or Zhou dynasty bronze, c. 1000 BCE. Taotie - a mask of an imaginary animal with eyes, horns, snout, and jaw. Motif common in Shang
and early Zhou dynasties.
Wikimedia. "Ritual cooking vessel." CC BY http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ritual_cooking_vessel.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Petroglyphs in Tanum, Sweden (c. 1700–500 BCE).

Rock carving with the shape of a flock of birds.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Tanun_carvings_birds.jpg." CC BY 2.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=392205 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
The Venus of Willendorf

The Venus of Willendorf is a particularly famous example of the Venus figure.
Wikipedia. "Venus von Willendorf 01." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Drawings of horses from the Chauvet Cave in France

The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave in the Ardèche department of southern France is a cave that contains some of the earliest known cave paintings.
Wikipedia. "Chauvethorses." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chauvethorses.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
The Venus of Hohle Fels

The Venus of Hohle Fels, a 6 cm figure of a woman carved from a mammoth's tusk, was discovered in Germany's Hohle Fels cave in 2008 and
represents one of the earliest found sculptures of this type.
Wikipedia. "Venus vom Hohlen Fels Original frontal." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_vom_Hohlen_Fels_Original_frontal.jpg
Prehistoric Art
Laxe dos carballos (fourth-second millennium BCE)

Cup-and-ring mark and deer hunting scenes. (The cup-and-ring mark lies to the right of the deer.) Campo Lameiro, Galicia, Spain.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Laxe_dos_carballos_01.jpeg." GNU FDL https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16084690 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Composite photograph of petroglyphs from Häljesta, Sweden (c. 1700–500 BCE)

The glyphs have been painted to make them more visible. They have been identified as (top to bottom, left to right): Plowing with oxen (the branch in the
farmer's hand is assumed to be part of a fertility ritual), archer/hunter with bow, fishing from a small boat, (middle row) a procession of unknown nature,
foot prints, (bottom row) man with dog, typical Scandinavian rock carving ship symbol.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Haljesta.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=469453 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Star Carr pendant

The incised lines bear striking similarities to similar objects found in Denmark.
Internet Architecture. "Star Carr pendant.jpg." CC BY 3.0 http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue40/8/images/index.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
View of the eastern passage, Knowth, Ireland

The east-west orientation of the passages at Knowth suggests astronomical alignment with the equinoxes.
Wikipedia. "Knowth." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knowth.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Dance of the Cogul

El Cogul, Catalonia, Spain.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-064_Pintures_de_la_cova_dels_Moros,_exposició_al_Museu_de_Gavà.jpeg." CC BY-SA 3.0
Prehistoric Art
Engraved ochre from the Blombos Cave

Engraved ochre from the Blombos Cave has led some historians to believe that early Homo sapiens were capable of symbolic art.
Wikipedia. "BBC-artefacts." CC BY 2.5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BBC-artefacts.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Nassarius shell beads from the Blombos Cave

Discoveries of engraved stones and beads in the Blombos Cave of South Africa has led some archaeologists to believe that early Homo sapiens were
capable of abstraction and the production of symbolic art.
Wikipedia. "BBC-shell-beads." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BBC-shell-beads.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Painting of a bison in the Great Hall of Policromes, Altamira, Spain

Altamira's famous Upper Paleolithic cave paintings feature drawings and polychrome rock paintings of wild mammals and human hands.
Wikipedia. "AltamiraBison." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AltamiraBison.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Cave paintings in Lascaux, France

The most famous section of the cave is "The Great Hall of the Bulls," where bulls, equines, and stags are depicted.
Wikipedia. "Lascaux painting." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lascaux_painting.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
The Man of Bicorp

The Man of Bicorp holding onto lianas to gather honey from a beehive as depicted on an 8000-year-old cave painting near Valencia, Spain.
Wikimedia Commons. "272px-Cueva_arana.svg.png." GNU FDL https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3255236 View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Backed edge bladelet

Mesolithic tools were generally composite devices manufactured with small chipped small stone tools called microliths and retouched bladelets.
Wikipedia. "Microlame 0.225.1." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Microlame_0.225.1.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Temporary wood hut

An artist's rendering of a temporary wood house, based on evidence found at Terra Amata (in Nice, France) and dated to the Lower Paleolithic era.
Wikipedia. "Terra-Amata-Hut." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terra-Amata-Hut.gif View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Drawing of the Venus of Tan-Tan

The Venus of Tan-Tan is an alleged artifact found in Morocco that is believed by some to be the earliest representation of the human form.
Wikipedia. "Venus of Tan-Tan." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_of_Tan-Tan.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Acheulean hand-axes
Acheulean hand-axes from Kent. The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron, and ovate. Evidence shows these early hominids
intentionally selected raw materials with good flaking qualities and chose appropriate-sized stones for their needs to produce sharp-edged tools for
cutting.
Wikipedia. "Acheulean hand-axes from Kent. The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron and ovate..jpg." Public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic%23/media/File:Acheuleanhandaxes.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Statue of Gudea
Neo-Sumerian period, circa 2090 BCE.
Wikimedia. "Statue Gudea Met 59.2." CC BY http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_Gudea_Met_59.2.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Venus of Laussel, an Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian) carving
Wikipedia. "Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg." CC BY 3.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic%23/media/File:Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Female figure from Tumba Madžari, Republic of Macedonia
Wikipedia. "Golemata_Majka.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic%23/media/File:Golemata_Majka.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Prehistoric cave paintings in Lascaux, France
Wikimedia. "Lascaux 03." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lascaux_03.jpg View on Boundless.com
Prehistoric Art
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Cuevas de la Araña en Bicorp." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://goo.gl/8x7c1p
• Wikipedia. "Roca de los Moros." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca_dels_Moros
• Internet Archaeology. "A Unique Engraved Shale Pendant from the Site of Star Carr: The Oldest Mesolithic Art in Britain."
CC BY 3.0 http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue40/8/index.html
• Wikipedia. "Rock Art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin." CC BY-SA 3.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin
• Wikipedia. "Megalith." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith%23Mesolithic
• Wikipedia. "Stone tool." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_tool%23Mode_V:_The_Microlithic_Industries
• Wikipedia. "Mesolithic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithic
• Wikipedia. "Stone-Age Poland." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone-Age_Poland%23Mesolithic
• Wiktionary. "Microlith." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Microlith
• Wikipedia. "Art of the Middle Paleolithic." CC BY 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic
• Wikipedia. "Art of the Upper Paleolithic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic
• Wikipedia. "Prehistoric art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_art
• Wikipedia. "Parietal Art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal%20Art
• Wiktionary. "prehistory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prehistory
• Wikipedia. "Nomad." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomad
• Wikipedia. "Technology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%23Clothing_and_shelter
• Wikipedia. "Paleolithic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic%23Human_way_of_life
Prehistoric Art
• Wiktionary. "Mammoth." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mammoth

• Wiktionary. "Hut." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hut
• Wikibooks. "Ancient History/Human Evolution/Paleolithic Age." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ancient_History/Human_Evolution/Paleolithic_Age%23Tents_and_Huts
• Wikipedia. ""Timeline of prehistoric Scotland"." CC BY 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistoric_Scotland
• Wiktionary. "Rectilinear." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rectilinear
• Wiktionary. "Cruciform." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cruciform
• Boundless Learning. "Definition of Passage Grave in Art History." CC BY-SA 4.0
http://www.boundless.com/art-history/definition/passage-grave
• Wiktionary. "Trilithon." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trilithon
• Wiktionary. "Henge." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/henge
• Wikipedia. "Avebury." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avebury
• Wikipedia. "Stonehenge." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge
• Wikipedia. "Passage Grave." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passage_grave
• Wikipedia. "Neolithic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic
• Wikipedia. "Knowth." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowth
• Wiktionary. "Serpentiform." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serpentiform
• Wiktionary. "Curvilinear." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curvilinear
• Wikipedia. "Ġgantija." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0gantija
• Wiktionary. "Metallurgy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metallurgy
• Wiktionary. "Barrow." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barrow
Prehistoric Art
• Wikipedia. "Cairn." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairn

• Wikipedia. "Cist." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cist
• Wikipedia. "Bronze Age." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age
• Wikipedia. "Prehistory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory%23Bronze_Age
• Wiktionary. "Smelt." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Smelt
• Wikipedia. "Technology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%23Metal_tools
• Wikibooks. "Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/What Is Civilization?." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Saylor.org's_Ancient_Civilizations_of_the_World/What_Is_Civilization?
• Wikibooks. "Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/The Fall of Sumer and the Rise of the Babylonian Empire."
CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Saylor.org's_Ancient_Civilizations_of_the_World/The_Fall_of_Sumer_and_the_Rise_of_the_Baby
lonian_Empire%23Art_and_Architecture
• Wikibooks. "Art History/Ancient Art." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Art_History/Ancient_Art%23Ancient_Egyptian_Art
• Wiktionary. "Civilization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/civilization
• Wikipedia. "Cave painting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting
• Wikipedia. "Cave of Altamira." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira
• Wikipedia. "Chauvet Cave." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauvet_Cave
• Wikipedia. "Parietal Art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal%20Art
• Wiktionary. "polychromy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polychromy
• Wiktionary. "chiaroscuro." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chiaroscuro
• Wikipedia. "Lascaux." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascaux
• OpenStax CNX. "Jack Maxfield, Europe: A.D. 1801 to 1900. September 18, 2013." CC BY 3.0
http://cnx.org/content/m17845/latest/
•
Prehistoric Art
• Wikipedia. "Art and Music." CC BY 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

• Wikipedia. "Art of the Upper Paleolithic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic
• Wiktionary. "flint." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flint
• Wiktionary. "Eurasia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Eurasia
• Wikipedia. "Venus figurines." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_figurines
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Prehistoric Art
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The Paleolithic Period

The Mesolithic Period

The Neolithic Period

The Bronze Age

The Stone Age

The Paleolithic Period

The Mesolithic Period

The Neolithic Period

The Bronze Age

Venus of Hohle Fels

Figures from 'Ain Ghazal (c. 7,500-5,000 BCE)

Tell Halaf fertility figure (c. 5,000 BCE)

View of Gobekli Tepe

Pottery from the Late Ubaid period

Example of Halafian pottery

Bronze sword blade (c. 800 BCE)

Entrance to megalithic temple at Ggantija, Malta

View of Newgrange, Ireland

View of the excavated ruins at Tell Halaf, Syria

Ritual cooking vessel

Petroglyphs in Tanum, Sweden (c. 1700–500 BCE).

The Venus of Willendorf

Drawings of horses from the Chauvet Cave in France

The Venus of Hohle Fels

Laxe dos carballos (fourth-second millennium BCE)

Composite photograph of petroglyphs from Häljesta, Sweden (c. 1700–500 BCE)

Star Carr pendant

View of the eastern passage, Knowth, Ireland

Dance of the Cogul

Engraved ochre from the Blombos Cave

Nassarius shell beads from the Blombos Cave

Painting of a bison in the Great Hall of Policromes, Altamira, Spain

Cave paintings in Lascaux, France

The Man of Bicorp

Backed edge bladelet

Temporary wood hut

Drawing of the Venus of Tan-Tan

Venus of Laussel, an Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian) carving

Female figure from Tumba Madžari, Republic of Macedonia

Prehistoric cave paintings in Lascaux, France

• Wiktionary. "Mammoth." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mammoth

• Wikipedia. "Cairn." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairn

• Wikipedia. "Art and Music." CC BY 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

• Wikipedia. "Ubaid Period." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaid_period

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