Standard test tone for audio

measurement:

1000Hz
Impedance matching ratio
of a coax balun:

4:1
A device that converts a
balanced line to an
unbalanced line of a transline:

Balun
Velocity factor of transline:

0.6-0.9 or 0.5-0.9
Component in the telephone set
that has the primary function of
interfacing the handset to the
local loop:

Induction coil
Telephone wire that
connects 2 central office:

trunk line
Sound that vibrates at
frequency too high for human
ear to hear (over 20kHz):

ultrasonic
DB SPL of auditorium with
contemporary music:

95-100
A term w/c is subjective but
dependent mainly on freq and
also affected by intensity:

pitch
Single sb, reduced carrier
emission type:

r3e
Independent sb emission
type:

b8e
Transmit only 1 sb:

h3e
 Reference level for noise
measurement, f1a weighted:

-85dBm
Ref tone level for dBrn:

-90dBm
 Atmospheric noise
becomes less severe at freq:

above 30MHz
 What noise fig represents
the lowest noise?

1.6dB
 Which of the ff types of noise
becomes of great importance at
high freq?

Transit-time noise
 Noise consisting of irreg
pulses of short duration and
relatively high amplitude:

impulse noise
 Noise that occurs via
capacitive or inductive
coupling in a cable:

crosstalk
 External noise originating
outside the solar system:

cosmic noise
Highest layer:

F2
Highest layer of atmosphere:

ionosphere
Thickest layer:

f2
Next lowest layer:

e
 Layer does not disappear
at night:

f2
Radiowave that is far from
its sources:

plane wave
 Electric field that lies in a
plane

-perpendicular to the earth's

surface: vertical polarization
-parallel to the earth's surface:
horizontal polarization
 Ship-to-ship comms system
is plagued by fading. The best
sol seems to be the use of

freq diversity
 Light of is what colors has the
shortest wavelength?

Blue
 Dispersion is the term used to
describe:

the splitting of white light into

its component colors in refraction
 Polarization of discone
antenna:

vertical
Discone radiation pattern:

omnidirectional
Velocity factor of coax:

0.6-0.8
 Commonly used wire for
subscriber loop design:

awg#19
 Tester used to measure
swr:

reflectometer
Pwr output of pcs:

10mW
 Responds to the request of
a subscriber by sending a dial
tone:

first selector
 Freq separation bet transmit
and receive ch:

45MHz
No. of transmit/receive ch in the
cellular system:

666
 Freq deviation of cellular
tel system:

+/-12kHz
 On a tel system, the loop is
open during:

on-hook condtion
 Block calls held cond specfied
the held prob at a time period
equal to an ave holding time:

poison
 Block calls delay cond specified
delay prob:

erlang c
Mod tech used by dect:

gfsk
 Echo is completely out of
control?
Singing
 Overlapping of orig spectrum
&the first translated component:

aliasing
Binary codes are transformed in
modems into:
gray code
Set of rules governing the orderly
exchange of data info:
protocol
No. of pins in rs232c:
25
A sat beam that covers almost
42.4% of the earth's surface:
global beam
Freq of Ku band for satcomms:
14/11GHz
1st phil mabuhay sat has how
many ch:
30
1st phil agila I will hav how many
transponders:
36
. Asiasat I covers how many
countries in asia:
38
When sats are spaced 4deg of
the 360deg complete circle, how
many parking spces or orbit slots
are available:
90
Material sensitive to light:
photoresist
 FREQUENCY DATA, NOISE AND
ACOUSTICS

Which of the following is considered as

“millimetric waves”?

*Ans. EHF
 TV, CCTV AND VIDEO
COMPRESSION

What is the color TV standard used in

Western European countries?

* Ans. PAL B/G

It is a white streak that appears
momentarily on a television
screen during playback.
*Ans. Blip
It refers to a single-sided, dual-
layered DVD.

* Ans. DVD-9
It refers to a double-sided, dual-
layered DVD.

*Ans. DVD-10
Which of the following optical
disc storage media is now
typically used for high definition
video and data storage?

* Ans. Blu-ray
Digital Video Discs uses laser
diodes with what wavelengths?

*Ans. 650 nm
MPEG-2 data compression can
reduce the amount of HDTV data
by a ratio of

* Ans. 55 to 1
Video information using MPEG-2
data compression can be
reduced in a ratio of
*Ans. 55 to 1
 COMMUNICATIONS LINKS AND
DEVICES

Optical fiber no.12 has what color in the

TIA 598 standard?

*Ans. Aquamarine
In accordance with the ITU
specifications, the cut-off
wavelength of a single-mode fiber
is from ___ to ___ nm
* Ans. 1100, 1280
What asynchronous transfer
mode service is used where no
service guarantees are required,
such as for e-mail and file
transfer?
* Ans. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

Each satellite in the IRIDIUM satellite

network has how many spot beams?

*Ans. 48
 TELEPHONY AND WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS

If the E1 carrier system has an overall bit

rate of 2.048 Mbps, what is its frame
alignment signal rate?

*Ans. 28 kbps
What category of ISDN digital
services adds an additional layer
of functionality including reverse
charge, call waiting, message
handling, etc.?
*Ans. Supplementary Services
It is the traffic class in UMTS that
includes real-time, one-way
communication delivered to a
person or user
*Ans. Streaming
 IEEE RECOMMENDATIONS

It refers to the quantity of data that can

pass from source to destination in a given
time.

*Ans. Throughput
 ECE LAWS, KBP CODE AND
NTC MEMORANDUMS

It is also known as the “PRC

Modernization Act”.

*Ans. RA 8981
What is the minimum age for a
person with valid certificate of
registration or professional
license for him/her to become
the chairperson of the PRC?
*Ans. 40 years old
It is also known as the “Maritime
Communications Law”.

*Ans. RA 3396
What law prescribes the
guidelines in governing the
operations of cable television in
the Philippines?
*Ans. EO 436
As stated in DO 88, the operation
of any AM radio broadcast station
must be under the supervision of
a registered ECE if the station
has a carrier power that exceeds
*Ans. 1 kW
A doctoral degree is equivalent to
how many additional credit units
upon the completion of the
degree?
*Ans. 45
 TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS

 ACOUSTICS


 WIRE AND WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS

If you find that a SAW filter output is 6dB

down from the input of a receiver during
test,

*Ans. This is normal

 DIGITAL AND DATA
COMMUNICATIONS

The use of coaxial cables in interconnecting

networks is limited to an overall length of
approximately

*Ans. 1500 m
MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS

Oscillations of a klystron tube are

maintained

*Ans. By bunches of electrons passing

the cavity grids
The main advantage of a TWT
over a klystron for microwave
applications
*Ans. Wider bandwidth
 OPTICAL FIBER
COMMUNICATIONS

It is a coupler which consists of a

series of lenses and a partly reflective
surface.

*Ans. Beam-splitting coupler

 TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ECE
LAWS AND ETHICS

Effectivity of EO 59.
*Ans. February 14, 1993
It is the total useful information
processed or communicated over
a specific amount of time.
*Ans. Throughput
What is the approximate intensity
of the magnetic field at the
earth’s surface (at the equator)?

*Ans. 32,000 nT
What do you call a satellite
weighing between 10 and 100
kg?
*Ans. Microsat
Time to scan 525 lines
* 1/30 second
IEEE for Firewire
*IEEE 1394
100 IRE, 0.714V
*Pure White
0 IRE, 0V

Blanking level
Reverberation time for a 500Hz
recording studio
0.45 – 0.55 seconds
Reverberation time in a cinema
*0.8 – 1.2s
CATV IF signal for up-down cable
converter
612.75 MHz
New public telecommunications,
initial payment
P100 million
A reflector antenna formed by a
section of a paraboloid
sandwiched between two parallel
plates
*Pillbox antenna
KBP standard for medium
frequency broadcasting
*526.5 – 1705 kHz
Height of Iridium satellite (low
earth orbit)
*80 km (480 miles)
Aural transmission
*+/- 25 kHz
A gain of 20dB means that ___ %
of the signal was reflected and
___ % was absorbed by the load.
1%, 99%
Core diameter of 200micrometer
or more
*Large core fiber
First transatlantic telephone
cable to use optical fibers
*TAT-8
First Internet Protocol was
standardized
*1981
Cellular telephony
*1984
Block-based error correcting
codes (An imponant class of non-
binary BCH code)
*Reed-Solomon Code
Who coined the term “quarks”?

Murray Gell-Mann
FM channel adjacency

60 dBu – 80 dBu
Horizontal lines, V blanking
42 frames
Successor of PAL and SECAM
DVB-T
Downlink frequency of DSB of
North America
12.2 – 12.7 GHz
Color TV standard used in
Western Europe
PAL B/G
Downlink of GSM 1800
1805 – 1880 MHz
Maximum allowable obstruction
(rule of thumb)
*40%
Subcarrier for FM (L-R) stereo
38 kHz
Multi-core fiber, number of
“orange”
2
Multi-core fiber, number of
“aquamarine”
12
Decay time of TV picture tube
5 ms
Express the amount of crosstalk
dBx
Boost up to 108Mbps (Wi-Fi)
Super G
Typical antenna diameter for long
earth station
10-60m
Number of orbits per day of an
international space station
15
First violation of the KBP radio
code
P1000
Composition of the Y signal
0.3R + 0.59G + 0.11B
IS-95A forward and reverse
channel duplex spacing
45 MHz
NTC MC 02-06-2006; a Class B-1
FM station has a ___ maximum
allowable Effective Radiated
Power (ERP)
5 kW
First teleservice of GSM
Telephony
ATM utilizes small amount of
data cells in the multiplexing of
data streams

Reduction of jitter
Human ear curve
A-weighted curve
The maximum reverberation time
for clear speech

2 seconds
Frequency range most sensitive
to human ear
1-5 kHz
Based on the Lempel-Ziv-Welch
(LZW) algorithm
V.42 bis
Time Division Duplex (TDD)
normal channel spacing
5 MHz
Power klystron maximum power
more than 10MW
Voice capacity of single-mode
step index fiber
> 100,000
High-power proximity readers for
RFID tags have ERP not
exceeding ___.
2W
X-Rays have a wavelength of
between ____.
10nm to 0.01nm
Noise reduction coefficient that
indicates perfect reflection
0
Speed needed for 2400bps of
data
2900bps
Total channels of AM
broadcasting in the Philippines
131
CATV superband starts at ____.

Channel 23
Sound level of a live rock concert

120dB
CPE credits earned: seminar,
panelist, reactor

3 units per hour

Different path, meets at a
common point causes
Fading
Splits an input signal
Clipper
Hamming code contains ___
information bits and ___ check
character bits
4, 3
Can’t be avoided (in room
acoustics)
Long Delayed Echoes
Blue laser is ___ times faster
than Infrared
5
In FDM hierarchy, the number of
voice channels of a Jumbogroup
is ___.
6
Connects an RG-233 coaxial
cable to a microwave transceiver
A binding post connector
The control routine necessary to
keep the satellite in position is
referred to as
Station keeping
Error in GPS
+/- 5m
99.7%
1 in 103
Sophisticated visual Effects
D-1
MPEG, 200:1 audio and video
compression
MPEG-2
1800 rpm
H18
If 88.1MHz is used, the next
channel allowed to use is
94.5MHz
(GaAlAs)
Gallium aluminum arsenide
For cardioid microphones, they
must be placed four times apart

4-to-1 rule
Multiband antenna, uses parallel
LC circuits
Trap
Maximum tension applied to a
lightweight optical fiber
100N
To a more rugged optical fiber
100,000N
Peak power of a TWT; known as
“low power”
1W
Frequency range for left and right
audio signals
50Hz – 15kHz
VTMs
10W
SUF (fee)
P500,000
Splits input
Encoder
Orbit around the sun
Heliocentric orbit
Orbit around Mars
Areocentric orbit
Cable with 700m run length
RG-11
CATV midband channel
H channel
CATV midband frequency (H
Channel)
162-168 MHz
Audio technique not affected by
tape speed in the playback mode
Hall Effect
Low loss coaxial cable that has a
continuous hard metal shield
instead of a conductive braid
around the outer perimeter
Hardline
Degradation of the image caused
by an area of light surrounding
the spot where the electron
beam strikes the screen
Halation
Orange, multi-fiber cable
2
Aqua, multi-fiber cable
12
Inserted into the top or bottom
wall of a waveguide to increase
capacitance or inductance

Tuning screw
Variety of sound sources
Ambience
Light generates sound or
ultrasound
Optoacoustics
H band in waveguide
7.05 to 10.10 GHz
Apogee of International Space
Station (ISS)
358 km
Perigee of ISS
349 km
Period of ISS
90 minutes
Number of orbits per day of ISS
15.79 (eto yung mahaba, di ko maalala
:P)
How close from the mobile
microphone should the lips be?
2 inches
Videoconferencing standard for
PSTN
H.324
International standard for
videoconferencing
H.320
Firewire developed by Apple
IEEE 1394
Mobile cell station
26 square kilometers
Modulation used by EDGE
8-PSK
Internet service and voice calls at
the same time
ADSL
Main international standards
organization for World Wide Web

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

3H, pulse of V blanking
V sync
Bluetooth technology, allow many
devices to interact together
Piconet
. Least expensive topology, failure
in one node means failure of the
whole network
Ring
Fastest LAN topology
Bus
8 ½ x 11 document can be
transmitted in ____ by Group 2
facsimile
3 minutes
8 ½ x 11 document can be
transmitted in ____ by Group 3
facsimile
1 minute or less
Current video compression
technique
MPEG-4
ITU recommendation for Group 3
facsimile
T.38
Graphical Interchange Format
(GIF) number of colors
256
4B/5B encoding
Block coding
Coding technique used by
100BaseT Ethernet
Manchester Phase Encoding
Exchange of simple texts
Short message service (SMS)
1 bit is sent as a high value and a
logic 0 bit is sent as a low value,
with no return to zero
NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)
Type of microphone mostly used
in aviations
Dynamic microphone
Contributed to the idea of
telecommunications in satellites
Arthur Clarke
Frequencies from 216 to 450
MHz
P-band
Lens for vertical, 3D image
Eye of the fly
Run the first then compare to the
second, alternate runs
A-B test
3D imaging using single
frequency sound wave
Acoustic holographer
Frequency range of musical
instruments
Ambitus
Audio range in video tapes
50 Hz to 10 kHz
Microphone that changes the
voice in telephone
Filter mic
Most common type of dipole
antenna used in TV sets,
adjustable in length & angle
Rabbit ears
Aluminum, iron and silicon;
magnetic head
Alfecon
Lowest layer of the stratosphere
from about 15-35km,
concentrations of about 2 to 8
parts per million
Ozone layer
CDPD
Cellular Digital Packet Data
Circuit that prevents dial pulsing
from ringing the bell
Anti-tinkle circuit
Device control character to be
sent for turning off or stopping a
device
ASCII 19 (Device Control 3)
Process of cutting the end of the
fiber in preparation for
connecting two fibers
Cleaving
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data
Interface)
100 Gbps
Distance between repeaters
because of earth’s curvature
50 km
Power saving if carrier is
suppressed
66.66%
Minimum operating schedule is
____ of the allowed operating
schedule
 2/3
Single sideband reduced carrier
R3E
Single sideband suppressed
carrier
J3E
Rate of pulse dialing
10 pulses per second
Field interlacing is done to
eliminate ___
Flicker
Markings in the face of the CRT
Graticule
Luminance unit in TV
Footlambert
Most popular plug used in RG
59U
F connector
Aperture mask
300,000 holes
Vertical edge distortion in TV
Barrel effect
Two units access at the same
time
Contention
YIQ Model – NTSC standard
CMY Model – used for printing
HSV Model – three components namely
hue, saturation and brightness (or
sometimes called “value”). Add’l: HSV is
also known as the Hex-cone color model.
Primary Color Models
Optical Power Loss
Measurements of Installed
Single-Mode Fiber Cable Plant

EIA/TIA-526-7
year 1993

ITU-T
year 1992
GSM900
Analog cellular standard
developed during the 1980’s.
Operates at 900MHz.
TACS (Total Access Communications
System)
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications) capacity is 30%
greater than PHS (Personal Handy-
phone System)
Cladding diameter: 125
micrometer
Core diameter?? Di ko maalala.
Hahaha!
Maximum cut-off wavelength:
1250 nm
CCITT Recommendations G.652 (Single
mode optical fiber cable)
Revised Customer Premises
Equipment Interface Standards
and Procedures for “Type
Approval” and “Type Acceptance”
NTC MC 02-01-2001
An IEEE standard for
baseband Ethernet at 10Mbps
over thick coaxial cable. 10BASE-
5 has a maximum distance of
500 meters.
10Base 5 (Thick Ethernet)
Fast Ethernet

100Base-T
Synchronous Ethernet
10Base FB
Image is Virtual and Erect
Convex spherical mirror
Rays that travel through an
optical fiber without passing
through its axis. It travels in a
helical path along the fiber.
Add’l: Meridional rays - rays that
pass through the axis of the
optical fiber
Skew rays
Geographical representation of
the radiation pattern of the
antenna of a satellite
Footprint
1575.42MHz and 1227.6MHz
NAVSTAR GPS Center frequencies
It is also known as CDMAone.
The first CDMA-based digital
cellular standard by Qualcomm.

IS-95 (Interim Standard 95 or EIA/TIA-

95)
RFID stands for?
Radio Frequency Identification
Intermediate RFID
900MHz – 2.4GHz
The 3.58MHz color subcarrier is
a
Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier
(DSBSC)
The most directional microphone
Rifle
Power Output at night of a Class
II-A broadcast station
10-50kW
Typical sampling frequency of a
CD
44.1kHz
Measure of reflectance or return
loss using a loss test set

EIA/TIA 455-107
Not passive
VOR
Virtual and erect
Convex
Near – real; far – virtual
Concave
A driven element
Parasitic element
Ellipse closest to e sun
Perihelion
A helical

Skew ray
A geographical representation
Footprint
A ratio, inner to outer
Spring index
Types of leptons; 200times
Muon
300times
Hyperons
...due to modulation...
Intermodulation distortion
DSBSC (double sideband
suppressed carrier)
3.58MHz
Fiber optic, 1980s
62.5/125
“naturalness” of the voice of the
speaker
80 – 8000 Hz
For monoaural reproduction
160 – 8000 Hz
IEEE Standard:
802.15 – Bluetooth technology
802.11b – Wireless technology (Wi-Fi)
The real throughput of Bluetooth
currently used is
723kbps
The voltage required to “ring” a
telephone:
90V, 20Hz AC
Detect voice intelligibility
Articulation test
Articulation efficiency of ____
corresponds to ______ sound
inteligibility

80 %, 100 %
Most important parameter
considered in microwave
communications

C/N (Carrier-to-Noise Ratio)

The first Philippine satellite
launched from China was on

August 19, 1997

Antenna is 500ft above average
terrain
FM Class B
Group that develops 3GSM
3GPP
Broadband uplink and downlink
2Mbps
Two PCs that send data over a
baseband network at the same
time is called
collision
Two PCs that try to access a
baseband network at the same
time is called
contention
The number of frames of a
superframe
12
Link layer:
detect bad frames
Occurs when the signal does not
change
Granular noise
It is the higher at low frequencies
Flicker noise
Millimetric waves:
EHF Band
The process of capturing the
“hard-to-get” stations is called
DXing
The maximum permissible dose
wherein N represents the age of
a person:
MPD = 5(N – 18)
Another form of mysterious radio
wave propagation which occurs
during the spring and fall months
during the sunspot minimum
 Trans-Equatorial
SPADE satellite system uses what
digital modulation?
Ans.: QPSK
Analog cellular system that has
the fastest data rate
transmission

AMPS
A method of transmission or
reception, or both, in which the
effects of fading are minimized by the
simultaneous use of two or more
physically separated antennas,
ideally separated by one or more
wavelengths
Space diversity
Total useful information
processed over a specified
amount of time
Throughput
Satellite that is weighing 10-
100kg
Microsat
Ratio of MPEG-2 data
compression of HDTV data:
55 to 1
Highly elliptical orbit with
inclination of 63.4
Molniyn of Russia
What code is widely used for
compression in which the most
commonly used characters
contain the fewest bit and the
less commonly used characters
contain the most bit?

Ans.: Huffman Code

What encoding scheme
guarantees at least one
transition in the data for every 7
bits transmitted?

Ans.: Invert-on-zero encoding

Actual data rate for terrestrial
digital TV transmission to allow
for the addition of synchronizing
and error correction bit

32.28 Mbps
Link from the cell site to mobile
Forward channel
Considered the actual user
information that is conveyed
through the satellite system
Satellite payload
A very general index for forecasting
propagation developed by IPS radio
and space service in Australia

T-index
Installing a passive microwave
repeater the included angle is
kept as ____ as possible

small
Wavelength of laser diode used in
Digital Video Discs (DVD laser)

650 nm
In a facsimile, what changes the
light and darkness variations to
voltage variations?

Ans.: Photodetector
The precession of the orbital angular
momentum vector in the magnetic
field, similar to the precession of the
axis of a spinning top in a
gravitational field
Zeeman effect
Typical core diameter of single
mode
0.01
Loss of light pag tumama sa
polished area
4%
High speed DSL uses how many
pairs of wire
2
Dielectric waveguide used for the
propagation of electromagnetic
energy at optical frequencies.

The Optical Fiber

A transmission area of the fiber;
typical diameters: 50 to 500 µm.

Core
Surrounds the core, has a
different index of refraction;
defines the optical boundary of
the core and makes sure that the
total internal reflection occurs at
the core outer skin.
Cladding
Specially formulated plastic
coating that provides a first level
shock and abrasion resistance
for the fiber; typical thickness is
250µm to 1000µm.

Coating
Optical Power Loss
Measurements of Installed
Singlemode Fiber Cable Plant

ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7
Optical Power Loss
Measurements of Installed
Multimode Fiber Cable Plant
ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-14-A
Commercial Building
Telecommunications Cabling
Standard; Part 2: Balanced Twisted-
Pair Cabling Components

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2
Optical Fiber Cabling
Components Standard

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
Commercial Building Standard for
Telecommunications Pathways and
Spaces
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A
Residential Telecommunications
Cabling Standard

ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A
Administration Standard for the
Telecommunications Infrastructure
of Commercial Buildings

ANSI/TIA/EIA-606
Commercial Building
Grounding/Bounding Requirements

ANSI/TIA/EIA-607
Customer-Owned Outside Plant
ations Cabling Standard
ANSI/TIA/EIA-758
Standard Test Methods For Electrical
Performance Properties Of
Insulations And Jackets For
Telecommunications Wire And Cable

ASTM D 4566
Connectors for Frequencies below
3MHz for use with Printed Circuit
Boards, Part 7: Detailed
Specifications for Connectors, 8-way
Including Fixed and Free Connectors
with Common Mating Features
IEC 60603-7
An idle channel in the IMTS
system is one unused channel
that:
ANS. ALL MOBILE UNITS MONITOR
FOR THEIR ADDRESS
The frame alignment format in
the DS-1 signal contains ___
bit(s).
ANS. 1
Synchronization of digital
switches in the North American
telephone network is done using
a(an) ___ technique.
ANS. MASTER/SLAVE
The line coding scheme used for the
DS-1 signal is ___.

ANS. BIPOLAR
Sampling the analog wave
produces __ modulation.
ANS. PULSE AMPLITUDE
Quantization assigns __ to analog
samples.

ANS. NUMBERS
The simplest form of coding is
___.

ANS. LINEAR
A coder for a 64 interval
quantizer must produce how
many bits?

ANS. 7
A circuit that transmits alternating
currents whose frequencies are
between given upper and lower cut-off
values, while substantially attenuating
all frequencies outside this band.

ANS. BANDPASS FILTER

Between two quantizers, the
quality of one with the lower SQR
will be ___.

ANS. LOWER
DTMF dialing takes ___ …
ANS. LESS
Which of the following are important
for proper interface of a DTMF
generator to the telephone line?

ANS. IMPEDANCE, TONE AMPLITUDE AND

LOOP CURRENT
The anti-tinkle circuit prevents
dial pulsing from ___.

ANS. RINGING THE BELL

A type of spherical aberration in
which light rays from a single point of
an object do not converge at the
corresponding point in the image.

ANS. ASTIGMATISM
A type of feedback determined by the
balancing network and permits the
talker to hear his/her own voice.

ANS. SIDETONE
The equipment used by the
telephone network changes
slowly to balance new technology
against ___.

ANS. COST
Which kinds of signal are
transmitted on the local loop?

ANS. VOICE, TONES AND PULSES

Which office class is the local
central office?

ANS. 5
Which exchange is used to
connect between central offices
when a direct trunk is not
available?
ANS. TANDEM
In satellite TV, the modulation of an
uplink carrier with a triangular
waveform is called ___.

ANS. ENERGY DISPERSAL

What component in the
telephone set has the primary
functions of compensating for
the local loop length?

ANS VARISTOR
What type of receiver is most
commonly used in a conventional
telephone handset?

ANS. ELECTROMAGNETIC
Which component in the telephone
set has the primary function of
interfacing the handset to the local
loop?

ANS. INDUCTION COIL

The microphone pre-amplifier’s
balanced differential input
reduces the likelihood of __ from
the receiver circuit.
 ANS. CROSSTALK
Memory is added to the
telephone set to allow ___ of the
last number dialed.

ANS. AUTOMATIC REDIALING

The function of diode rectifier
bridge in the line circuit is to
protect the set against ___ on the
line.

ANS. POLARITY REVERSALS

For videotape, segments are joined
by electronic erasing and recording to
create a single program. This is
called ___.

ANS. EDITING
___ has a value of 4.5 MHz which is
equal to the difference between the
picture and sound RF carrier
frequencies in a 6 MHz TV channel.

ANS. INTERCARRIER FREQUENCY

__ is 3.58 MHz subcarrier signal
for color in television

ANS: CHROMA SIGNAL

What bad electrical effect
happens when the switch hook is
opened?

ANS: A HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSIENT IS

GENERATED
Pulse dialing occurs at a
rate of ___ pulses per second

ANS: 10
Pulses dialers must ___ the
receiver in the set while dialing

ANS: MUTE
Integrated telephone and
speakerphone circuit performance is
optimized with ___

ANS: RESISTORS AND CAPACITORS

Speakerphones operates in
___ mode

ANS: HALF-DUPLEX
The telephone network is being
converted
to digital operation primarily to

ANS: REDUCE COSTS

Digital transmission and signaling
are useful because digital logic
circuits are cheaper than analog,
signaling is easier and it can provide
a lower ___.

ANS: SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO

Digital transmission has
disadvantages that stem
primarily from the necessity for
interfacing with the ___
ANS: EXISTING ANALOG NETWORK
The equation fs=2BW is called
the ___

ANS: NYQUIST CRITERION

The area of the analog video
waveform between the end of
horizontal sync and the start of
active video in NTSC and PAL video
signals, this part is largely occupied
by the color burst

ANS: BACK PORCH

If the code word is only 4 bits for a
T1 system with a frame of 193 bits,
how many channels can be
transmitted?

ANS: 48
The portion of the
geosynchronous orbit that
provides optimum coverage of
country
ANS: ARC OF GOOD LOCATION
The parameter describing the
degree of signal compression
by the companders in the US
network is

ANS: µ
The parameter describing the
degree of compression by the
companders in the US network
is ___ systems
ANS: HIGHER LEVEL
Synchronous multiplexed
system have the time
placement of bits ___

ANS: DEDICATED
Asynchronous multiplexed
systems are used mostly for
___

ANS: DATA TRANSMISSION

High speed transmission
systems for carrying data over
twisted copper pairs are
known as ___ systems

ANS: DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE

(DSL)
The average level of the
luminance within an active
picture. Usually expressed as a
percentage of reference white
level
ANS: AVERAGE PICTURE LEVEL (APL)
The designer of central office
equipment should maintain the
___ between the subscriber and
central office

ANS: STANDARD INTERFACE

The difference between the
lineside and trunkside interfaces
is that lineside refers to the
subscriber loop and trunkside
refers to ___.

ANS: CONNECTION TO OTHER

OFFICES
SLIC stands for

ANS: SUBSCRIBER LINE INERFACE

CARD
The noise generated by TDm
carrier system is ___ that
generated by analog carrier
systems

ANS: MUCH LESS THAN

One section in a D1 channel
band handles
___ voice channels
ANS: 24
Functions performed by D-tye
channel banks are:

ANS: DIALED NUMBER...

Data sent by D1 channel bank
are at __ Mbps

ANS: 1.544
Multiplexer systems used in
the punlic network are of the
___ types
ANS: SYNCHRONOUS
An area of great brightness
on a TV display or a very
bright portion of a picture
ANS: HIGHLIGHT
Pulse stuffing in used in TDM to
___ the transmission rate
between input channels

ANS: EQUALIZE
What kind of modulation is
used to modems?

ANS: FM, AM, PM

Asynchronous data transmission
requires a clock at ___

ANS: BOTH ENDS

An added performance feature of
modern modems is the provision
of data rates of up to
___ bps

ANS: 56000
The most common US standard
for interfacing between digital
terminal equipment and modems
is ____

ANS: EIA RS-232C

Modem of modern design using
low cost electronics to perform
more advanced modulation
techniques now

ANS: TDMA
An accessory that separates
incoming UHF, VHF and AM antenna
signals so that they can be directed
to their respective terminals

ANS: BAND SEPARATOR

Both dot and line pattern on a
TV screen are produced by
___

ANS: PULSE WAVEFORM

White-dot and cross-hatch
generators are chiefly used for
___

ANS: CONVERGENCE
Dynamic convergence controls
are adjusted to obtain correct
convergence at the __ of the
screen

ANS: EDGES
Which of the following is a
midband cable TV channel?

ANS: A OR 14
Coaxial cable for distribution
systems has an impedance of

ANS: 75 OHMS
The cable converter output
for the tv receiver is usually
on channel

ANS: 3
A tap for the subscriber drop
line has a

ANS: HIGH TAP LOSS

The most popular plug for
RG59U coaxial cable is the

ANS: F CONNECTOR
The difference between
asynchronous and synchronous
transmission is the way the
synchronization is provided, the way
the beginning of a block of data is
detected and the way the beginning
of ___ is determined

ANS: A CHARACTER
The ability to collect light is
directly proportional to the

ANS: SIZE OF THE ACCEPTANCE

CONE
A typical light beam launched onto a
fiber optic will find a great number of
modes of propagation open to it. This
is called ___ dispersion

ANS: INTERMODAL
Asynchronous transmission has
low-speed transmission of less
than ___ kbps

ANS: 2.4
Mobile telephone users originate
and receive calls automatically
provided they are in ___

ANS: HOME AREA AND CHANNELS

ARE AVAILABLE
The regulator in an integrated
telephone circuit controls ___
and ___

ANS: CURRENT AND VOLTAGE

Transient protection for
integrated telephone circuits
is typically provided by ___

ANS: ZENER DIODES

The principal difference loop
start and ground start is that
loop start is ___ signaling which
may involve a slight delay

ANS: ONE ....

Ground start is ___ signaling
that is instantaneous

ANS: EITHER-WAY
Fold over distortion or aliasing is
the presence of spurious
frequencies caused by having
frequencies that are __ in the
sampled signals
ANS: TOO HIGH
Electronic crosspoint arrays
require a ___ to stay latched

ANS: MINIMUM HOLDING CURRENT

TDM carrier systems are growing
int number because they can use
__ integrated circuits

ANS: LOW-COST, LARGE ...

The parameter that most
affects transmission of high
speed modem data is
____
ANS: PHASE DISTORTION
A type of dc signaling

ANS: LOOP CURRENT, REVERSE ...

The voice frequency
channel passband is ___ Hz

ANS: 0 - 4000
Telephone switching is
accomplished by the use of ___
switches

ANS: DIGITAL SWTCHES, STEP-BY-

STEP, AND CROSSBARS
A switch invented by Strowger,
that generates much noise and
cannot operate directly from
DTMF tones

ANS: STEP-BY-STEP
Time division multiplexing
is ___ transmission

ANS: DIGITAL
Conventional transmission used
for media include twisted pair
cable, microwave waveguide &
___

ANS: FIBER
What type of transmitter has
been replaced by the use of
microphones in many modern
telephones?

ANS: CARBON
How many unique tones are
used for the 12-key dual-tone
multifrequency keypad?

ANS: 7
An erroneous lower frequency
obtained when a periodic signal
is sampled at a rate equal or less
than twice the signal’s frequency.

ANS: ALIASING
On-hook current must be kept
low so that the line relays in
the central office will not ___.

ANS: MISTAKE IT FROM …

What is needed because of
transients from lightning,
induction or short circuits?

ANS: OVERLOAD PROTECTION

The difference between the
sound carrier frequencies in two
adjacent TV channel is ___.

ANS: 6 MHz
Line-of-transmission is a
characteristic of propagation
for the

ANS: VHF BAND AND UHF BAND

In TV channel 14 (470 to 476
MHz), the 3.58 MHz color
signal is transmitted at ___.

ANS: 474.83 MHz

The difference between the
sound carrier and the color
subcarrier frequencies is

ANS: 0.92 MHz

The maximum deviation of
the FM sound signal, in
kilohertz, is

ANS: 25
In negative transmission, what is
the relative amplitude of the
modulated picture carrier wave
for maximum white?

ANS: 12.5 %
In negative transmission, what is
the relative amplitude of the
modulated picture carrier wave
for the tip of sync?

ANS: 100 %
In negative transmission, what is
the relative amplitude of the
modulated picture carrier wave
for the blanking level?

ANS: 75 %
In negative transmission, what is
the relative amplitude of the
modulated picture carrier wave
for black in the picture?

ANS: 67.5 %
The MC34114 is primarily
designed to work with a __
microphone.

ANS: HIGH-IMPEDANCE ELECTRET

How many different tones
may be produced by a four-
column DTMF keypad?

ANS: 16
A device in a TV camera tube
to reduce or eliminate
streaks, called comets.

ANS: ANTI-COMET TAIL GUN

Used in 3D-image TV camera
systems to form a depth
video signal.
ANS: ANTI-LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER
What is an advantage of
electronic ringers?

ANS: SMALLER SIZE

What functions are provided
in a multitone ringing
generator?

ANS: ANTI-TINKLE CIRCUITRY, TONE

GENERATION AND OUTPUT
AMPLIFIER
The DTMF generator in an
electronic phone produces
tones using a(n) ___ circuit.

ANS: DIGITAL DIVIDER

The capability of an improved
or enhanced piece of
hardware to accept software
designed for an earlier model.

ANS: BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY

What function is not requires
in an integrated telephone
circuit?

ANS: VISUAL DISPLAY

What does a microprocessor
require in order to work with a
telephone circuit?

ANS: ROM AND RAM

Codes usually encode the signal
by sampling it and using ___ to
encode.

ANS:SUCCESSIVE BINARY
APPROXIMATION
DTMF receivers are required
to tell the difference between
__ and ___.

ANS: RANDOM SPEECH

FREQUENCIES, …
Semiconductor crosspoint
switching arrays use __ devices
that will remain latched in the
conducting state.

ANS: PNPN
___ is done by retransmission,
adding redundancy, parity and
cyclic redundancy checks.

ANS: ERROR CONTROL OF DATA

Protocols may be ___ oriented.

ANS: BIT ORIENTED, BYTE ORIENTED

AND CHARACTER ORIENTED
Fiber optics communications
are advantageous because of
no EMI, low weight, small size
and ___.

ANS: LOW LOSS

Refraction is the ___ of a light ray
as it passes across a boundary
surface between two media of
differing optical densities.

ANS: CHANGE
___ service is the concept of
dividing a city into may cells,
each serviced by a low-power
transceiver base station.

ANS: CELLULAR MOBILE

A 35-mm frame of film that
measures 36 x 24 mm has
an aspect ration of ___.

ANS: 3:2
In a low-level AM system,
amplifiers following the
modulated stage must be __
devices.

ANS: LINEAR DEVICES

The carrier is simultaneously
modulated by two sine waves
with the modulation indices of
0.3 and 0.4. the total modulation
index is ___.
ANS: 0.5
TV receiver equipment,
“rabbit ears” refers to ___.

ANS: RECEIVING ANTENNA

The letter and number
designation of carrier and
one sideband is __.

ANS. H3E
The bit rate of TDMA is __ kbps.

ANS. 8
L600 mastergroup baseband
has a bandwidth of __ kHz.

ANS. 2728
It is a multi-channel surround
sound format used in DVD and
HDTV, and first used in movie
theaters in 1992.
ANS. DOLBY DIGITAL
The number of lines scanned
per frame in the raster on a
picture tube is ___.

ANS. 525
The time when the FET is “on”
is called __.

ANS. ACQUISITION
In data communications
employing FSK, baud date is
___ bit rate.
ANS. EQUAL
High-frequency waves are
affected by the __.

ANS. SOLAR CYCLE

The minimum illumination
recommended for reading is
__ lux.
ANS. 800
The combining of two sound
signals into a composite
recording is called __.

ANS. DUBBING
If the grade of service of a telephone
system indicated P of 0.05, what does
it mean?
ANS. LOST CALLS OF 5%
A mobile receiver experiences
“dead” areas of reception as a
result of

ANS. SHADING OF THE RF SIGNALS

BY HILLS AND TREES
A text code that makes use of
16-bit long code words.

ANS. UNICODE
A system where cables and/or wires
are placed within the ceiling space
and poked up through the fire-
resistant floor structure to the office
or room above.

ANS. POKE THROUGH

What is the major problem with
VHF oscillator?

ANS. POOR FREQUENCY STABILITY

What determines the selectivity
of a receiver?

ANS. THE BANDWIDTH OF THE TUNED

CICUIT
What is the aspect ratio of
HDTV?

ANS. 16:9
What is measured on a circuit
where it is correctly
terminated but does not have
any traffic?

ANS. WHITE NOISE

When a space-wave signal passes
over a mountain ridge, a small part
of the signal is diffracted down the
far side of the mountain. This
phenomenon is called ___.

ANS. KNIFE-EDGE DIFFRACTION

Ground wave communications is
most effective in what frequency
range?

ANS. 300 kHz to 3 MHz

Jitter is term used to magnify
phase shifts of the information
transmitted. Jitter above 10
Hz is called ___.

ANS. WANDER
At very high frequencies,
transmission lines acts as
___.

ANS. ANTENNAS
How many voice channels are
there in a DS-2 digital signal
hierarchy for TDM?

ANS. 96
The total cost of a radio or TV
program production, or
sponsorship.

ANS. NUT
Noise when measured across
the tip and ring terminals of a
network shall be ___
dBrnCO.
ANS. 15
__ is another term for optical
density.

ANS. RADIANT FLUX

What microwave antenna is
formed from a circular
waveguide?

ANS. CONICAL HORN ANTENNA

A sponge-rubber or plastic foam
cap placed over the end of a
microphone to reduce sibilance,
breathy sounds and other
unwanted vocal effects.

ANS. POP FILTER

What causes attenuation
present in a waveguide?

ANS. WALLS OF THE GUIDE

What do you call a non-continuous
noise of irregular pulses or spikes of
short duration but with high
amplitudes?

ANS. JITTER
What figure of merit is used
to measure light gathering or
light collecting ability of an
optical fiber?

ANS. NUMERICAL APERTURE

What is the highest frequency
that can be generated by an
IMPATT microwave diode
oscillator?

ANS. 30 GHz
The number of times each
second that the
information displayed on a
nonpermanent display is
rewritten?
ANS. REFRESH RATE
What is the least expensive
connector that is widely used
for CATV, VCRs and TV sets?

ANS. F-7 TYPE

An antenna whose technical
equivalent is λ/4 line which is
open circuited.

ANS. DIPOLE
An advantage of digital
over analog
transmission.

ANS. NOISE IMMUNITY

What antenna is used for
radiating AM broadcast
band?

ANS. λ/4 VERTICAL ANTENNA

In a TV picture tube, what is
the purpose of large picture
tube voltage?

ANS. ATTRACT ELECTRONS TOWARD

THE FACE OF THE TUBE
What is the typical
output voltage of
magnetic microphone?

ANS. 1 mV
What optical fiber has the
smallest beamwidth?

ANS. GLASS FIBER CORE

What is BFO in SSB receiver
called?

ANS. CARRIER OSCILLATOR

What periodic waveform
consists of odd harmonics?

ANS. SQUARE WAVE

__ is spread spectrum used to
describe multiple access
system in satellite
communications that has no
limitation on the BW.
ANS. CDMA
Multiple accessing arrangement for
satellite communication system wherein
earth station transmit within the same
frequency band and have no limitation
on when they may transmit or on which
carrier frequency carrier separation is
accomplished with envelop encryption/
decryption techniques.

ANS. CDMA
What protocol uses the
checksum method of error-
detection?

ANS. XMODEM
What is the current digital
video specification applying
video compression?

ANS. MPEG-4
What is the unit for median
field strength of TV broadcast
station?

ANS. dBu
RG59u coaxial cable has an
impedance of __ ohms.

ANS. 75
In order to convert most of the earth’s
surface, as the earth turns under the
satellite path during the 24 hour
period, the orbit of the GPS must
maintain __ degrees of inclination
with respect to the equator.

ANS. 55?
What refers to the cost effective
standard based wireless solution
that specifically supports low data
rates, low power consumption,
security and reliability and is also
known as IEEE 802.15.4?

ANS. ZIGBEE
What was the most significant
contribution of the satellite
named “Score”?

ANS. IT WAS THE FIRST SATELLITE TO

TRANSMIT MESSAGE
In digital transmission using
delta modulation method, what
normally causes error in the
demodulated signal?

ANS. SLOPE OVERLOAD

What type of laser is used for
fiber optic communications?

ANS. SEMICONDUCTOR LASER

What technique allows
correction of data of the
receiver?

ANS. FEC
In color perception, the degree to
which the light energy is confined to
a narrow frequency band. It is thus
the converse of the extent to which
the color is diluted with white light.

ANS. SATURATION
Synchronous modems cost
more than asynchronous
modems because ___.

ANS. THEY MUST CONTAIN CLOCK

RECOVERY CIRCUITS
In April 2002, the IEEE published
their 802.16 standard for
“broadband wireless access” (BWA),
more commonly known as
___.

ANS. WIMAX
In TV, blurring of the verticals
in a reproductive image.

ANS. SMEARING
In what acoustical scale are
all intervals exactly constant?

ANS. DIATONIC
An MPEG-4 based video
compression technology uses a
radio format known as ___.

ANS. DIVX
What term is used for RF
radiation damage to cells of
reproductive tissue?

ANS. GENETIC
A set of standard for the digital
transmission of information over fiber
optics, based on increments of 51
Mbps, it was developed to cost-
effectively support broadband
services and multi-vendor
inter0networking.
ANS. SONET (SYNCHRONOUS
OPTICAL NETWORKING)
What method of generating
SSB signal utilizes one
balanced modulator circuit?

ANS. FILTER METHOD

When the loop in a PLL is
locked, what is the difference in
frequency detected by the
phase detector?

ANS. ZERO
In video system, what
determines the maximum
number of vertical picture
elements?

ANS. NUMBER OF LINES ON THE

SCREEN
What term of digital modulation is
using a binary pulse stream that
varies between two discrete voltage
levels as modulating signals?

ANS. FSK
What digital modulation method
where it is not necessary to recover
a phase coherent carrier but instead
makes use of received signaling
element time slot and compared to
the nest signal element?

ANS. DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT

KEYING
A cable that carries several
video channels between
facilities of a cable TV
company.

ANS. SUPERTRUNK
Beam alignment magnets for
camera tubes are adjusted
while rocking which control?

ANS. OPTICAL FOCUS

Among the resistors associated
with transistor as a result of the
discrete particle of the current
carriers in all forms of
semiconductor is known as __
noise.

ANS. SHOT
In data communications, the
T in 10 Base T normally
represents the ___.

ANS. TYPE OF CABLE USED

What frequency band is most
suitable for LOS propagation?

ANS. VHF
A relatively small satellite antenna
typically 1.5 to 3.0 m in
diameter, used for transmitting
and receiving one channel of
data communications.

ANS. VSAT (VERY SMALL APERTURE

TERMINAL)
What is the most common
modulation technique used
for radio telegraphy?

ANS. FSK
What resistor has a typical
flicker noise voltage range of
0.02 to 0.20 µV?

ANS. METAL FILM

What is the meaning of MP3?

ANS. MOTION PICTURE EXPERTS

GROUP 1, AUDIO LAYER 3
What is the gamma of the
picture tube of the television?

ANS. 2.2
A scheme in the transmission
of two separate information
signals using two AM carriers
at same frequencies but
differ in phase by 90 degrees.

ANS. QAM
The resistance of a photocell
when light is incident on the
active surface of the tube

ANS.KOCH RESISTANCE
What determines the rate of
frequency swing for an FM
broadcast transmitter?

ANS. MODULATION FREQUENCY

What is the main
disadvantage of a single tube
transmitter?

ANS. FREQUENCY INSTABILITY

Intermediate power amplifier
(IPA) in the transmitter is also
known as ___.

ANS. DRIVER
In one particular frequency known
as ___ frequency, the periodic time
of the wave frequency becomes
equal to the time required for one
complete revolution about the
earth’s magnetic field axis making
the path a very wide single loop.

ANS. GYRO
It is the act of moving a
camera slowly from one side
of a scene toward the other.

ANS. PANNING
What room where boundaries
absorb effectively all incident
sounds?

ANS. ANECHOIC ROOM

Does not fall within the visible
frequency range.

ANS. INFRARED
What fiber optic wavelength is
used because of an
attenuation null at the
wavelength?

ANS. 1.3 MICRONS

Fiber optics performance is
usually indicated by ___.

ANS. PRODUCT OF BIT RATE AND

DISTANCE
A factor expressing the ability
of a electron gun to provide
an electron stream under the
stimulus of a given
accelerating voltage.
ANS. PERVEANCE
What happens in
standard AM
transmission if no modulating
signal is being transmitted?

ANS. THERE ARE NO SIDEBANDS

What is the disadvantage of
slope detection of FM?

ANS. NO NOISE DISCRIMINATION

What is the advantage of
using
high IF?

ANS. BETTER IMAGE REJECTION

A mirror that reflects one
color but passes all other
colors is called ___.

ANS. DICHROIC
A process in which the
temperature of the substance
that undergoes a change of
some kind stays constant.

ANS. ISOTHERMAL
Associated with certain types of
microphones, the closer the
sound is to the mic, the more the
bass frequencies are
exaggerated.

ANS. PROXIMITY EFFECT

What do you call the
combining circuit used in TV?

ANS. MATRIX
Among the following systems,
which one uses CDMA as a
method of multiplexing?

ANS. IS-95
The microwave tube that is a
linear beam tube, in which
the interaction between the
beam and the RF fields is
continuous, is called __.
ANS. TRAVELING WAVE TUBE
The power output of SSB
transmitters is normally
expressed as the ___
power.

ANS. PEAK ENVELOP

What is the signal rate of RS
232 normally used as
interface between DTE and
DCE?

ANS. 20 KBPS
What can be used to
demodulate a PAM signal?

ANS. LOW PASS FILTER (LPF)

What is the standard IF
frequency for picture used in
TV receivers following NTSC
standard?

ANS. 45.75 MHz

What unit is used to indicate the
loudness level of sound
compared to the intensity of
1000 Hz-tone?

ANS. PHON
What is the first radio
receiver?

ANS. CRYSTAL RADIO RECEIVER

In satellite communications,
frequency hopping used is a
form of ___.

ANS. CDMA
The study of how the human
brain records and deciphers
the signal that indicate the
direction from which a sound
originates.

ANS. PSYCHOACOUSTICS
What colloquial term
describes additional side
frequencies produced over
modulation or distortion in
AM?

ANS. SPLATTER
What occurs during CW
reception if too narrow a filter
bandwidth is used in the IF
stage of a receiver?

ANS. FILTER RINGING

Loss of vertical sync causing the
picture to move up or down the
screen. This may result from anti-
copying devices played on
commercial prerecorded videotapes.

ANS. ROLL
What stage in a radio
transmitter isolates the
oscillator from the load?

ANS. BUFFER
What type of signal in which a
receiver selectivity of 2.4 kHz
in the IF circuitry is optimum?

ANS. SSB VOICE

An abortive attempt to
eliminate the CRT as the
display method of large
screen TV.

ANS. SCOPHONY
Small system network designed
to distribute direct to home TV
signals throughout a single
dwelling block.

ANS. SMATV
What is the process required
in product detection?

ANS. HETERODYNING
What two basic functions are
performed by the AM detector
in the receiver?

ANS. RECTIFICATION AND FILTERING

What would be produced by
weak blue, weak green and
weak red on color CRT?

ANS. GRAY
What type of asynchronous is
used on data communications
where in the beginning and end
of the character code is
identified?
ANS. CHARACTER SYNCHRONIZATION
A device that prevents light
from reaching the light-
sensitive surface of a TV
camera except during the
desired period of exposure.
ANS. SHUTTER
In acoustics, what consists of
a rapid succession of
noticeable echoes?

ANS. FLUTTER ECHO

What type of microphone has
a permanent magnet?
ANS. RIBBON
When a conduit enters a box,
fitting or other enclosure, ___
shall be provided to protect
the wire from abrasion.
ANS. BASHING
What is the average
maximum data rate for fiber
optics?

ANS. 50 GBPS
An opening through which
electrons, light, radio waves
or other radiation can pass

ANS. APERTURE
What is affected by the distance
between the listener and the
source of the sound and its
intensity varies inversely with the
square of this distance?

ANS. LOUDNESS
Structure made of plastic like
material used to enclose the
complete antenna assembly to
protect the antenna from the
weakness and to reduce wind
and snow loading.
ANS. RADOME
Number of electron beam
that leaves the electron gun
on a single-gun CRT.

ANS. 3
In video, the frame
surrounding a video picture
that has different proportions
from that of the TV screen.

ANS. BEZEL
What is commonly used
telephone
wire?

ANS. AWG # 19
A coaxial cable known as
UHF
connector.

ANS. PL-259
In telephony, what traffic model
is based on the assumption that
calls not satisfied are field in the
system until it is satisfied?

ANS. ERLANG-C
How many mixers are there in
an SSB receiver?

ANS. 2
How many oscillators does a
black and white TV receiver
contain?

ANS. 2
What device can divide a
data character into several
channels to share its facilities
usually at slower data rates?

ANS. CONVERTER
Unwanted sidebands in SSB
equipment can be
suppressed by one or more of
the following methods.

ANS. PHASING METHOD AND FILTER

METHOD
What is the heater voltage of
TV receiver picture tube?

ANS. 6.3
An undesirable bright or dark
ring surrounding a spot of the
fluorescent screen of a TV
CRT.
ANS. HOLE
The technique used in same
special microwave receivers to
reduce noise level even in
microwave frequency is known
as __.

ANS. OPERATING WITH CRYOGENIC

CONDITION
What is the lowest number of
sections required by
communications receivers?

ANS. 4
What is the advantage of a
low-level modulated AM
transmitter?

ANS. LEAST AUDIO POWER REQUIRED

The density with which a viewing
surface is divided into physical
sensors, such as pixels in an
image or grains of emulsions in
film.

ANS. GRANULARITY
What kind of modulation in
which the modulated wave is
always present?

ANS. CONTINUOUS MODULATION

What are the three major
types of demodulators?

ANS. FOSTER-SEELEY, QUADRATURE

AND PLL
Shadow mask for color TV
has about __ holes.

ANS. 300,000
What is the small length of wire
found in some RF equipment,
connected only at one end and
use as a capacitance to the
ground?

ANS. GIMMICK
What is the most reliable
scheme for error detection?

ANS. CRC
An unintelligible sound track
caused by speeding up
videotape playback without
modifying the audio pitch.
ANS. DONALD DUCK EFFECT
Quality in sound that
corresponds to color in light is
___.

ANS. PITCH
What is the typical value of
the velocity factor of an open
wire transmission line?

ANS. 0.9
The brightness of light source
is called luminous intensity,
whose unit is ___.

ANS. CANDELA
Most widely used light
generator in fiber optic
system.

ANS. INJECTION LASER DIODE (ILD)

Contained emission of light following
excitation of the screen of TV picture
tubes to decay to one period of its
maximum value is known as ___.

ANS. SCREEN PERSISTENCE

Tendency to reduce
excessively the tonal range of
some part of the picture
signal.

ANS. CRUSH
What consists of a rapid
succession of noticeable
echoes?

ANS. FLUTTER ECHO

What component of the
telephone set has the primary
function of compensating for the
local loop length?

ANS. VARISTOR
What do you call a special
service circuit connecting two
private branch exchanges
(PBX)?

ANS. TIE TRUNK

What frequency that cannot be
used for reliable beyond-the-
horizon terrestrial communications
without repeaters?

ANS. 12 GHz
What figure of merit is used to
express the degree of
modulation scheme achieved in
FSK modulator?

ANS. H-FACTOR
The ability of a tuner to
restrict or reject a second,
weaker signal in proximity to
the main signal.

ANS. CAPTURE EFFECT

Modulating two waves of the
same frequency but with __
phase difference is equivalent to
modulating both amplitude and
phase of the same carrier.

ANS. 90 DEGREES
A diagram used to illustrate the
principle of electron bunching in
velocity-modulated tubes (e.g.
klystron, traveling-wave tube)

ANS. APPLEGATE DIAGRAM

In data communications
circuit, synchronous data
format is used to achieve
what type of synchronization?

ANS. BIT
How many groups are there in
(CCITT’s FDM hierarchy) a
supermastergroup?

ANS. 75
Which among the IEEE standard
refers to the global specification
for wireless LAN?

ANS. 802.11b
What is the primary
specification of a fiber cable
usually expressed as the loss
in dB/km?

ANS. ATTENUATION
What is the width of V
blanking pulse?

ANS. 1333 µs
What is the width of H
blanking pulse?

ANS. 10.2 µs
Among the visible light rays of
blue, green, yellow and
orange, which has the longest
wavelength?
ANS. ORANGE
In FSK, rate of change of
frequency at the input to the
modulator is called ___.

ANS. BIT RATE

Which of the following is not
an application of PLL?

ANS. AM DISCRIMINATOR
Refers to a unit of an assembly
or sections and associated
fitting, forming a rigid structure
system used to support cables?

ANS. CABLE TRAY

What is the GPRS uplinks
data rate?

ANS. 14 KBPS
A routing scheme that
delivers message to all nodes
in the internet network.

ANS. BROADCAST
What theorem sets a limit on
the maximum capacity of a
channel with a given noise
level?

ANS. SHANNON-HARTLEY THEOREM

The speed of light in air
compared to speed of light in
glass is ___.

ANS. HIGHER
Intermittent operation in
which the load condition is
regularly recurrent.

ANS. PERIODIC DUTY

Form of unwanted
radiation working against the
main beam caused by feeding a
parabolic reflector with an
isotropic source.

ANS. BACKLOBE RADIATION

An array of simple dipoles fed in
phase and having a radiation
pattern whose maximum
directivity it along the axis
normal to the plane of the array.
ANS. BROADSIDE ARRAY
The statement “incoming
light is partially absorbed and
partially transmitted equally
in all directions” is known as
the ___.

ANS. LAMBERTIAN REFLECTION

The mobile-to-cell direction of
communication is known as
the ___ and carries traffic
and signaling.

ANS. REVERSE CDMA CHANNEL

The uplink frequency band or
mobile station to base station
frequency in the GSM 900.

ANS. 890-915 MHz

The downlink frequency or
base station to mobile station
frequency in GSM 1900.

ANS. 1930-1990 MHz

What EDGE GSM mobile power
class supporting 8-PSK
modulation has a nominal
maximum power output of 33
dBm?

ANS. E1
What is the nominal
maximum power output of E2
EDGE GSM mobile supporting
8-PSK modulation?

ANS. 27 dBm
What is the nominal
maximum power output of E3
EDGE GSM mobile supporting
8-PSK modulation?

ANS. 23 dBm
A forward link overhead … always
code channel zero and … the
demodulation reference for both
the mobile receivers.

ANS. PILOT CHANNEL

A forward link overhead
channel that
carries a repeating message that
identifies the station and the
absolute phase of the pilot
sequence.

ANS. SYNC CHANNEL

A forward link overhead channel
that is used for communications
with mobile stations when the
mobile station has not been
assigned to a traffic channel.

ANS. PAGING CHANNEL

In fiber cable installation, __
bend is allowed for long-term
use since the cable is no longer
under stress once installation is
complete.

ANS. TIGHTER
The E1power class of PCS
1900 supporting 8-PSK
modulation has what nominal
maximum power output?
ANS. 30 dBm
The E2 power
class of PCS1900 supporting
8-PSK modulation has what
nominal maximum power
output?

ANS. 26 dBm
A power class of PCS 1900
supporting 8-PSK modulation
that has a nominal maximum
power output of 22 dBm.
ANS. E3
In the radio spectrum, what
frequencies are used for
deep space radio
communications?

ANS. 2.29 GHz TO 2.3 GHz

In the radio spectrum, what
frequencies are used for the
newer cordless phones?

ANS. 902 MHz TO 928 MHz

A traffic class in UMTS applications
that includes real-time, 2-way
communication processes, such as
telephony speech, VoIP and video
conferencing.

ANS. CONVERSATIONAL CLASS

A traffic class in UMTS
applications that includes real-
time, 1-way communication
processes, such as an audio or
video stream delivered to a
human user.
ANS. STREAMING CLASS
A traffic class in UMTS applications
that includes the request-response
type of 2-way communications
processes between machines and
humans such as Web browsing,
database retrieval and server access.
ANS. INTERACTIVE CLASS
A traffic class in UMTS
applications that includes
transactions such as delivery of
E-mail, SMS and other machine-
machine transactions.

ANS. BACKGROUND CLASS

The nominal channel
spacing of time
division duplexing (TDD).

ANS. 5 MHz
The frequency bands used in
time division duplexing (TDD).
ANS. 1900-1920 MHz and 2010-2025
MHz
The buffers in multi-core fiber
cables are usually colored to
reduce the chance of incorrect
connection during installation.
What fiber number has a typical
color of blue for the first 12 fibers?

ANS. FIBER NUMBER 1

The typical transmitted power
in FDM-FM.

ANS. 1000 mW
Produced when the sound
distortion that occurs when the
telephone line equalization
made is excessive.

ANS. RAIN-BARREL EFFECT

A filter whose insertion loss
causes its spectrum to form a
sequence of equispaced narrow
passbands or stop bands
centered at multiples of some
specified frequencies.

ANS. COMB FILTER

The excessive propagation of
the transition of signal from
one signal condition to
another.
ANS. TAILING
Emergency communications
frequency used by radio
stations in the aeronautical
mobile service operating in
the VHF band.
ANS. 121.5 MHz
What acoustic device is used
mainly for the detection of
submarines which when
activated transmit information
by radio?

ANS. SONOBUOY
Above what frequency is
rainfall droplets cause
disruption in transmitting
radio waves?

ANS. 10 GHz
A TWT operates at what
frequency?

ANS. 8 GHz
A diode detector was used by
an AM receiver for
demodulation. What signal
does this receiver receive?

ANS. SSB, FULL CARRIER

What is the cause why AGC
system malfunctions?

ANS. DUE TO THE DETERIORATION OF

THE ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
The voice quality resulting
from the use of a 4 kHz
telephone channel.

ANS. TOLL
A small deviation or recurring
variation at intervals of a few
millimeters in the core
cladding interface of an
optical waveguide.

ANS. MICROBEND
A transverse longitudinal
movable metallic plane
surface in a waveguide that
reflects essentially all the
incident energy.
ANS. PISTON
LORAN A uses three character
identification symbols such 2H4.
What does the third number
represent?

ANS. THE SPECIFIC PRR

A lens configuration in which
the lens element has an
outward curve.

ANS. CONVEX
The method used for measuring
the phase drift between the
radio frequency of the master
signal and that of the same
signal in LORAN C.

ANS. CYCLIC MATCHING

Independent sideband
emission

ANS. B8E
One of the disadvantages of
direct FM modulation is the
need for ___.

ANS. AFC
Results when an RF stage is
added in a superheterodyne
receiver.

ANS. BETTER REJECTION RATIO

The stage that feeds the
discriminator of an FM
receiver.

ANS. FINAL IF AMPLIFIER

Diodes in a diode ring
modulator act like __.

ANS. SWITCH
A linear class B RF power
amplifier is operated with a
bias approximately equal to
___ value.

ANS. ITS PROJECTED CUT-OFF

The most commonly used
amplitude demodulator.

ANS. ENVELOPE DETECTOR

The most common filter used
for single sideband generator.

ANS. CRYSTAL
Reception of an unwanted
picture on a vision circuit
analogous to crosstalk on
sound.

ANS. CROSSVIEW
A circuit used for the
frequency translation.

ANS. MIXER
A vertical loop antenna has a
__ radiation pattern in the __
plane.

ANS. BIDIRECTIONAL, HORIZONTAL

To increase the electrical length
of an antenna is done by __.

ANS. ADDING AN INDUCTOR IN SERIES

A folded dipole antenna has a
__ input terminal impedance
at the center.

ANS. 300 OHMS

Why stacking antenna
elements?

ANS. TO INCREASE ITS SENSITIVITY

TO WEAK SIGNALS
57. The angle between the
half-power radiation points of
an antenna.

ANS. BEAMWIDTH
Ratio of the maximum
radiation intensity to the
average radiation intensity.

ANS. DIRECTIVITY GAIN OF AN

ANTENNA
An antenna used by radio
amateurs.

ANS. LOG PERIODIC

It denotes an apparent change
of frequency of a wave train
caused by relative motion
between the wave source and
an observer.

ANS. DOPPLER SHIFT

Digital modulation technique
used in GSM.

ANS. GMSK
The transparency mechanism
used with SDLC.

ANS. ZERO BIT INSERTION

A technique normally used in
a digital transmission system.

ANS. PULSE CODE MODULATION

What is the other name for
amplitude shift keying?

ANS. ON/OFF KEYING

Number of bits in an ASCII code.

ANS. 7
Bandwidth of an optical fiber.

ANS. 900 THz

A non-coherent light source
used for optical
communications systems.

ANS. LED
The weakest to the strongest
signal a circuit will accept as
input or generate as an output.

ANS. DYNAMIC RANGE

Type of LASER that is
simplest to modulate.
ANS. SEMI-CONDUCTOR
In the IS-95A cellular service,
the base station transmit
frequency is __ above the
mobile station transmit
frequency.
ANS. 45 MHz
A diode used as an optical
transmitter in fiber optics
communications system.

ANS. APD
Type of fiber-optic cable used
in very high speed data
transmission.

ANS. SINGLE MODE STEP INDEX

Frequencies used for fiber optic
systems.

ANS. 1014 – 1015 Hz

Infrared range for fiber optics.
ANS. 7000 to 12000 ANGSTROMS
Major losses occurring in silica
fibers.

ANS. ABSORPTION AND RAYLEIGH

SCATTERING
Refers to the number of
electrons emitted
per second, multiplied by the
electron charge.

ANS. PHOTOCURRENT
Coupler that consists of a series
of lenses and a partly reflective
surface.

ANS. BEAMSPLITTING COUPLER

At what voltages do the crossed
dipoles in a turnstile antenna
excited?

ANS. 90 DEGREES OUT-OF-PHASE

WITH EACH OTHER
A camera angle with the action
directly in front of the camera at
about eye level.

ANS. NEUTRAL ANGLE

Main reason why rhombic
antenna is preferred over
other antennas used for
receivers.

ANS. CHEAPER
Smallest change in sound
intensity a human ear can
detect.

ANS. 0 dB
In teletypewriter, the speed
refers to the number of __
words, with a space between
them sent or received in a
period of one minute.
ANS. FIVE-LETTER
Radiation resistance of a half-
wave dipole antenna.

ANS. 288 OHMS

Audio frequencies a little
above __ kHz are called
treble tones.

ANS. 3
An instrument used to compare
the color of a sample with a
reference source.

ANS. COLORIMETER
Refers to the ability of a cable
connector to hold or retain the
fiber optic cable in spite of the
presence of specific pulling
force, when the connector is
held fixed.

ANS. RETENTION ABILITY

A layer that contains a set of
functions that requests
services from the network
layer.
ANS. TRANSPORT LAYER
The installation tension that
can be … to a lightweight
internal cable without causing
damage.

ANS. 100 N
Refers to a defect in reproduction
of transmitted signals by a fax
receiver, whereby the width of the
scanning line is greater than the
scanning pitch.

ANS. OVERLAY
An antenna made up of a
group of parallel dipoles with
flat reflectors placed in a
single, usually straight line.

ANS. BILLBOARD
A binary encoding scheme in which
ones and zeroes are represented by
opposite and alternating high and
low voltages and where there is no
return to a zero (reference) voltage
between encoded bits.

ANS. NON-RETURN-TO-ZERO (NRZ)

Refers to an acoustic energy
packet streams which form a
sound wave.

ANS. PHONON
Effect of splitting
electromagnetic radiation into
its component frequencies or
splitting of spectral wavelength.
ANS. ZEEMAN EFFECT
The person granted the patent
for scanning and transmitting TV
images through uncoated fiber
cables.

ANS. J. L. BAIRD
What refers to the loss of
power of a satellite downlink
signal due to the earth’s
atmosphere?

ANS. PATH LOSS

Satellite engine uses what
system?

ANS. ION-PROPULSION
The number of C band
channel of the Philippine
Mabuhay Satellite is __.

ANS. 30
Allocated frequency band for
use of satellites operating in
the Ku band.

ANS. 14/11 GHz

What is the most commonly
used amplifier for the output
stage of TV transmitter?

ANS. GRID MODULATED CLASS C

A base station in the land
mobile radio services, must
maintain entry in it log book,
for a period of __ years if
emergency signal is received.
ANS. 2
The maximum accumulated
permissible dose (MPD)
of radiation associated with a
radio transmitter for a human
being who is 60 years old is __
rems.

ANS. 210
What is the broadcast
frequency band used in short-
wave broadcast reception?

ANS. HF BAND
Serration in the composite
video waveform helps ___.

ANS. HORIZONTAL
SYNCHRONIZATION
Demodulation of the audio
signal is done by the __.

ANS. DISCRIMINATOR
The minimum sampling
frequency for correct digital
reproduction of a given
signal.

ANS. NYQUIST FREQUENCY

What type of TV camera is
normally used for live TV
transmission?

ANS. IMAGE-ORTHICON
What component of the satellite
provides electrical signals that
may be used to determine the
satellite position or altitude?

ANS. SUN-SENSOR
What is expected to happen if
the IF stage (after the sound
take-off) is cut-off?

ANS. THERE WILL BE NO PICTURE

BUT SOUND IS NORMAL
The number of active picture
elements in a TV image is
dependent on __.
ANS. RECEIVER BANDWIDTH
The condition when a satellite
and the sun come close to one
another and as such, causes the
noise from the sun to hamper
the communication system of
the satellite?

ANS. SATELLITE-SUN CONJUNCTION

Radio transmission using the
maritime general calling and
working frequency are
required to observe __.

ANS. RADIO SILENCE DURING

SILENCE PERIOD
What refers to a building at
the transmitter site that
contains antenna loading,
coupling and tuning circuits?

ANS. HELIX HOUSE

What is the height of GPS
satellite
orbit?
ANS. 20,183 km
A form of analog channel
compression that has been used for
submarine cables and used by the
military to scramble voice signals
transmitted.
ANS. TASI
Screen persistence is defined
as the time for a light emitted
from the screen to decay __
% of its __ value.
ANS. ONE, MAXIMUM
What is an advantage of
using orbital satellite over
geosynchronous satellite?

ANS. IT DOES NOT NEED A

PROPULSION ROCKET
What is the maximum
effective radiated power of
Class B FM broadcast station
authorized in the Philippines?
ANS. 30 kW
Class B FM broadcast stations in
the Philippines are to limit the
height of the antenna to __
above average terrain.

ANS. 500 FEET

Scanning in which the
electron beam always
approaches the target at
normal incidence.

ANS. ORTHOGONAL SCANNING

Using a single frequency sound
wave to produce a 3D image of
an object. It is usually viewed on
a CRT display.

ANS. ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY

Class b-1 FM broadcast stations
with an authorized transmitter
power of 500 watts, shall in no
case have an effective radiated
power lower than __.
ANS. 1000 W
The minimum frequency
separation for stations having
the same service is __ for
standard FM broadcast
stations in the Philippines.
ANS. 800 kHz
For class B-1 FM broadcast
stations, the maximum ERP
allowed is __ kW with an
antenna height limited to __ feet
above average terrain.

ANS. 5, 200
A user-provided service feature
in which the user automatically
advises all callers that the called
terminal is not available?

ANS. ABSENT USER-SERVICE

What refers to a variation of the
refractive index of a material
caused by acoustic energy, such
as the energy in a sound wave or
shock pulse?

ANS. ACOUSTOOPTIC EFFECT

A circuit or device that is used in
communications systems to
produce an unintelligible version
of the signal to be transmitted,
in a predetermined manner.

ANS. SCRAMBLER
DECCA is along range
navigational system that
operates at what frequency
range?

ANS. 70 kHz TO 130 kHz

In a waveguide, a time-varying
transverse electromagnetic field
that is coupled to an
electromagnetic wave or mode
propagating inside the
waveguide?

ANS. EVANESCENT FIELD

What refers to a combination of
radio or radar direction finding
installations that operates in
conjunction and is capable of
plotting the position, relative to the
ground, of an aircraft that is in
flight?

ANS. FIXER NETWORK

In spread spectrum systems, what
code is generated by adding using
modulo-two addition, the output of
two spread spectrum code
sequence generators?
ANS. GOLD CODE
In the establishment of a
connection or the placement of a
call, the time between the end of
transmission of selection signals
and the time receipt of the call
completed signal at the call
originator data terminal equipment
(DTE) is called ___.

ANS. POST SELECTION TIME

The primary coating of an
optical fiber has usually an
outside diameter of about __.

ANS. 250 MICRONS TO 750 MICRONS

Psophometer is a noise measuring set
used by International Telephone
Consultative Committee in
establishing the psophometric
weighting. Psophometer is always
calibrated with a tone of ___.

ANS. 800 Hz
What refers to a corrugated
antenna that has a radiation
pattern nearly axially symmetric
and independent of polarization
and is used in some shipborne
communications satellite Earth
stations?

ANS. SCALAR FEED HORN

What are the frequencies for
search and rescue operations
for aeronautical mobile
station?

ANS. 3023.5 kHz AND 5880 kHz

A method of recording that
produces tracks across the
tape at right angles to the
length of the tape.

ANS. TRANSVERSE RECORDING

What is a global positioning system
(GPS) that provides two-way
communications capability and tags
the positional information with a
unique beacon identification code
for rebroadcast via satellite-to-
ground stations?
ANS. … AWARENESS BEACON WITH
REPLY
What is the approximate solar
noise temperature at 1 GHz?
ANS. 280,000 K
What instrument is used to
measure the angular deviation
of radiation of different
wavelengths?

ANS. SPECTROMETER
In facsimile systems, a
periodic error in the position
of the recorded spot along
the recorded line is called __.

ANS. STAGGER
Terrestrial Flight Telephone
System is an airborne telephone
service that enables telephone
calls to be made from aircraft to
ground terminals. TFTS operated
at what frequency range?

ANS. 1.6 GHz TO 1.8 GHz

In the transmission of
electromagnetic radiation through a
propagation medium, the
attenuation of the irradiance is an
exponential function of the product
of a constant coefficient which is
dependent upon the material and its
thickness. This is known as __.

ANS. BOUGER’S LAW

In satellite communications system,
the term “crosslink” refers to a
direct link between two
geostationary satellites that are
separated at about ___ kilometers.

ANS. 60,000
A term used for the technical
modification of recording
devices in which the automatic
gain control (AGC) is deliberately
bypassed.

ANS. TWEAKING
Digital Signal 1 (DS1) is a
signal with a digital signaling
rate of __, corresponding to
the North American and
Japanese T1 designator.

ANS. 1.544 MBPS

What is the maximum power
allocation for AM broadcast in
areas outside Metro Manila?

ANS. 10 kW
According to the FM broadcast
standard, the height of the
radiating center of the antenna
above the terrain __ km from the
antenna.

ANS. 3 TO 16
Which class of FM broadcast
station shall have an effective
radiated power (ERP) not
exceeding 30 kW?

ANS. CLASS B
In an AM receiver, which part
of its circuits is the selectivity
increased?

ANS. IF
First note of a musical scale.

ANS. ROOT NOTE

General frequency range for
effective troposcatter wave
propagation.
ANS. 350 MHz to 10 GHz
An iron/silicon/aluminum
alloy, used for video heads.

ANS. ALFECON
Typical loudness level of a
watch ticking.

ANS. 20 PHONS
Number of time slots in the
basic GSM frame structure.

ANS. 8
The maximum power output
of a CB a3E emission.

ANS. 4 W
The modulation method used by
enhanced data for global
evolution (EDGE).

ANS. 8 PSK
The change in the direction of
polarization of signals passing
through the ionosphere.

ANS. FARADAY ROTATION

The maximum height above
average terrain for a class B
FM station.

ANS. 500 FEET

Pulses that retain their
shapes as they pass through
optical fibers.

ANS. SOLITONS
Microphones that are
predominantly used in Aviation
services.

ANS. DYNAMIC MICROPHONE

Phenomenon where the first
sound arrival dominates
sound localization.

ANS. LAW OF THE FIRST WAVEFRONT

GPS satellite takes __ hours
to complete one orbit.

ANS. 12
A reliable range mobile-to-
mobile.
ANS. 1 TO 10 MILES
Refers to the transmission of
brief text messages, such as
pages or e-mail, by cellular radio
or PCS.

ANS. SHORT MESSAGING SERVICE

(SMS)
A signal separated from the
desired signal frequency by
two times the IF value.

ANS. IMAGE SIGNAL

The portion of the horizontal
blanking pulse before the
sync pulse is known as __.

ANS. FRONT PORCH

Accidental transmission of VHF
radio waves beyond the horizon,
probably caused by temperature
inversion in the lower
atmosphere.

ANS. ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION

A data signaling channel that
handles the administrative
overhead of the cellular
system.
ANS. PAGING CHANNEL OR CONTROL
CHANNEL
The frequency that a magnetron
in a microwave oven operates.

ANS. 2.45 GHz

In a client-server network, __ is a
LAN software that makes sure that
data on the server that is being
changed by one station is not
simultaneously read by another.

ANS. RECORD LOCKING

A splicing performed by
butting the tips of two fibers
together and heating them so
they melt together.
ANS. FUSION SPLICING
Damage to cells other than
the reproductive tissues due
to exposure to intense RF
radiation.
ANS. SOMATIC
What are the reasons why a
cavity resonator is preferred
than conventional circuits at
microwave frequencies?
ANS. THE Q OF A CAVITY RESONATOR IS VERY
HIGH AND CONVENTIOANL CIRCUITS HAVE
IMPRACTICALLY SMALL DIMENSIONS AT
MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES
A television receiver design that
uses mixing between the picture
and sound carriers to generate the
sound intermediate frequency. What
do you call this sound?

ANS. INTERCARRIER SOUND

Refers to the ways that the voice
signal used in communications
that is dealt with prior to being
applied to the modulator.

ANS. SPEECH PROCESSING

The maximum deviation of
cellular radios that use FM.

ANS. 12 kHz
The order in which a three-
stage transmitter be tuned.

ANS. OSCILLATORY
In the GSM system, ____ is the
telephone number that is unique
to a given user worldwide.

ANS. INTERNATIONAL MOBILE

SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI)
A variation of the discriminator
which greatly reduces sensitivity
to amplitude variations, at the
cost of 50% reduction in output
voltage.

ANS. RATIO DETECTOR

The fiber number that has a
typical color of orange in
multi-core fiber cables.

ANS. FIBER NUMBER 2

In PM, a frequency shift occurs
while what characteristic of the
modulating signal is changing?

ANS. AMPLITUDE
Number of orbital planes that are
equally spaced around the equator
in the GPS operational
constellation.

ANS. 6
The installation tension that
can be given to a more
ruggedized fiber cable
without causing damage.
ANS. 10000 N
Causes ionic disturbance
characterized by rapid
fluttering sound hence voice
communications is poor.

ANS. AURORA BOREALIS

The maximum radiation from
electronic equipment must
not exceed __ mr per week.

ANS. 100
The most ambitious of the
proposed LEO systems.

ANS. TELEDESIC SYSTEM

How is the assigned
frequency related to the
suppressed carrier frequency
with J3E emissions?

ANS. 1.4 kHz HIGHER

What is the disadvantage
of low IFs?

ANS. CAN CAUSE IMAGE

INTERFERENCE
In the personal communications
service (PCS), the base station
transmit frequency is __ above
the mobile station transmit
frequency.

ANS. 80
Asynchronous transmission
has low-speed transmission
of less than __ kbps.

ANS. 2.4
Why does a higher impedance
line has lower copper loss than a
lower-impedance line?

ANS. BECAUSE HIGHER-IMPEDANCE

LINE HAS LOWER CURRENT FOR A
GIVEN POWER LEVEL
The minimum ratio of visual signal
level to the RMS amplitude of any
coherent disturbances such as
intermodulation products or
discrete-frequency interfering
signals not operating on proper
offset assignments.

ANS. 46 dB
A system that uses
electromagnetic frequencies in
the optical spectrum for
detection and ranging
determination of objects in a
manner similar to radar.
ANS. LIGHT DETECTION AND
RANGING
The code used in the
100BaseT Ethernet standard.

ANS. THREE-LEVEL MANCHESTER

CODE
In video compression, __ is the
current digital video
specification.

ANS. MPEG-4
The three methods of
generating carriers before VTs
were used.
ANS. SPARK, ARC AND ALTERNATOR
The audio portion of a videotape
has a bandwidth of around __.

ANS. 50 Hz TO 10 kHz
Aqua is the typical color of
fiber number __ in a multi-
core fiber.

ANS. 12
The peak-to-peak variation visual
signal level caused by undesired
low frequency disturbances (hum or
repetitive transients) generated
within the system, or by inadequate
low frequency response, shall not
exceed __ of the visual signal level.

ANS. 5%
An IC FM demodulator that uses a
differential amplifier and capacitive
storage peak detectors plus tuned
circuits to translate frequency
variations to voltage variations.

ANS. DIFFERENTIAL PEAK DETECTOR

A signaling path provided by a cable
television system to relay to
subscriber terminals television
broadcast programs that are
received off-the-air or are obtained
by microwave or by direct connection
to a television broadcast station.

ANS. CLASS I CABLE TELEVISION

CHANNEL
A signaling path provided by a cable
television system to deliver to
subscriber terminals television
signals that are intended for
reception by a television broadcast
receiver without the use of an
auxiliary decoding device and which
signals are not involved in broadcast
transmission path.
ANS. CLASS II CABLE TELEVISION
CHANNEL
A signaling path provided by a cable
television system to deliver to
subscriber terminal signals that are
intended for reception by equipment
other than a television broadcast
receiver only when used with
auxiliary equipment.

ANS. CLASS III CABLE TELEVISION

CHANNEL
A signaling path provided by a
cable television system to
transmit signals of any type
from a subscriber terminal to
another point in the cable
television system.
ANS. CLASS IV CABLE TELEVISION
CHANNEL
In the Link Access Protocol for
D-channel (LAP-D) ISDN
format, what is used for error-
detection of all bits within the
frame except for the flags?

ANS. FRAME CHECK SEQUENCE

In the Link Access Protocol for
D-channel (LAP-D) ISDN
format, how long is the
information field?
ANS. UP TO 260 BYTES
The formats which represent
HDTV are __ and __.

ANS. 1020i; 720p

A filter that is otherwise
referred to as a infinite
impulse response (IIR) filter.
ANS. RECURSIVE DIGITAL FILTER
A filter that is otherwise referred
to as a finite impulse response
(FIR) filter.

ANS. NONRECURSIVE DIGITAL FILTER

The most practical operating
frequency that can be used with
the least amount of problems in
sky wave propagation.

ANS. OPTIMUM WORKING

FREQUENCY
CD uses __ wavelength laser
diode light.

ANS. 780 nm
In 8VSB modulation, ___ is
the primary system used to
retain data integrity.

ANS. REED-SOLOMON ERROR

CORRECTION
A standard developed by the
International
Telecommunications Union (ITU)
documented in standards G.707
and its extension G.708.

ANS. SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL

HIERARCHY (SDH)
In TV system using NTSC
standards, the width of a vertical
sync pulse with its serration,
includes the time of __ half-
lines.

ANS. 6
The time it takes for a 1 MB
graphic image to be
transmitted via 64 kbps
ISDN.
ANS. 120 SECONDS
The time it takes to transmit
1000 kbps graphic image via
a 10 Mbps cable modem.

ANS. 60 SECONDS
Short term frequency deviation
in FM broadcasting.

ANS. RESIDUAL FM
Long term frequency
deviation in frequency
modulated broadcasting.

ANS. DRIFT
In order to avoid interference
between adjacent satellites,
geostationary satellites operating
on C-band must be separated by
how many degrees?

ANS. 2 DEGREES
Ku band operating frequency
range.

ANS. 12 – 18 GHz
The operating frequency
range of a low frequency
CATV amplifier.

ANS. 1 Hz TO 150 MHz

The CATV amplifier intermediate
frequency range.

ANS. 151 MHz TO 299 MHz

The high frequency range of
CATV amplifier.

ANS. 300 MHz to 50,000 MHz

According to the KBP rules, the
commercial load for TV, shall not
exceed __ minutes per hour in a
foreign or local program, inclusive
of breakspots.

ANS. 18
Due to splice, a single mode
fiber optic system has a loss
as compared to a connector
use of about ___.

ANS. 0.02 dB
Loss in a single mode fiber
optic cable due to the glass.

ANS. 0.40 dB PER KM

Why are geostationary satellites
unsatisfactory for
communications from regions
near the poles of the earth?

ANS. THE ANGLE OF ELEVATION OF

THE SATELLITE IS TOO LOW IN
THESE REGIONS
Number of TV fields that are
recorded on one slant tract of
tape.

ANS. 1
Devices that are to be inserted
in a telephone channel if the
total via net loss (VNL) of a given
trunk circuit exceeds about 2.5
dB.

ANS. ECHO SUPPRESSORS

Typical value of vidicon dark
current.

ANS. 0.2 µA
Theory where network topology
configuration which is the
pattern of links connecting
nodes of network is based upon.

ANS. GRAPH THEORY

The maximum data rate of
the IEEE 802.11legacy.

ANS. 2 Mbps
Known as the Industrial Scientific
Medical (ISM) frequency band used
by IEEE 802.11 legacy standard.

ANS. 2.4 GHz

The 802.11b and 802.11g
divide the 2.4 GHz spectrum into
how many overlapping,
staggered channels whose
center frequencies are 5 MHz
apart?

ANS. 14
A proprietary channel
bonding equipment that can
boost network speeds up to
108 Mbps in the Wi-Fi world.

ANS. SUPER G
Location of the first Philippine
satellite.

ANS. 146 DEGREES EAST LONGITUDE

0 DEGREE LATITUDE
The number of Ku-band
transponders of the Philippines
Agila II satellite.

ANS. 24
A historical satellite that
accompanied the first
terrestrial communications.

ANS. SCORE
In cable television, the receiving
antenna should be cut to
respective channel frequency for
optimum reception with a front-to-
back ratio not less than __ dB.

ANS. 18
In cable television, the audio
frequency response must be
within (+/-) __ dB, 50 Hz to 15
kHz.

ANS. 1
The noise figure for UHF
channels in cable television.
ANS. 9 dB OR BETTER
The maximum noise figure
without equalizer at 330 MHz
in cable television.

ANS. 9.5 dB
AC power and CATV signals
must be transported to each
amplifier by the same cable.
What must the voltage be?
ANS. 30 V AC OR 60 V AC
The standard IF video carrier
in cable television.

ANS. 45.75 MHz

The reverberation time of an
excessively “live” reverberant
room.

ANS. 5 TO 10 s
The maximum reverberation
time for
clear speech.

ANS. 2 s
The ideal reverberation time for
classrooms or lecture spaces.

ANS. LOWER THAN (1) SECOND

Optimum reverberation time
for large organs is __ seconds
or more.

ANS. 2
Sound reflected from ___
surfaces has a focusing
action.

ANS. CONCAVE
The unit of sound absorption
that is equivalent to one square
foot having a coefficient of
absorption of 1.00.

ANS. SABIN
The frequency considered
sufficiently accurate for most
conditions in making quick and
easy calculation of reverberation
time.

ANS. 500 Hz
The effects of multiple
reflections of sound waves in
acoustics.

ANS. IT CAUSES REVERBERATION

AND LOUDNESS IS INCREASED.
The speed of sound is
proportional to the
square root of absolute
temperature and it is therefore
about __ greater at 20OC.

ANS. 12
Intended to be the fourth-
generation cellular technology in
cellular communications.

ANS. ULTRA MOBILE BROADBAND

(UMB)
The most energetic forms of
light produced by the hottest
regions of the universe.

ANS. GAMMA-RAYS
The wavelength of X-rays in
angstrom unit.

ANS. 30 ANGSTROMS – 0.3

ANGSTROM
The basic voice band channel is
called the 3002 channel and the
telegraph is called the 3001
channel. How many telegraph
channels are in the basic voice
band channel?

ANS. 24
A true statement in
waveguide operation.

ANS. GROUP VELOCITY TIMES PHASE

VELOCITY =C2
A waveguide fabrication
method considered versatile
but expensive.

ANS. ELECTRO-FORMING
Materials typically made into
waveguides.

ANS. BRASS, COPPER AND SILVER

The full IEEE 1394b
specification supports optical
connections up to 100 meters in
length and data rates all the way
to ___.

ANS. 3.2 GBPS

The number of bits in the
destination address or the
intended recipient of the
packet un IPv6 protocol.
ANS. 128
An IP-based fax service
standard.

ANS. T.38
Bendable fibers that have been
recently standardized can be
bent with a radius as low
___ as without adverse impact.

ANS. 7.5 mm
The main international
standards organization for
the World Wide Web (WWW).

ANS. WORLD WIDE WEB

CONSORTIUM (W3C)
A model of diffuse reflection.

ANS. LAMBERTIAN REFLECTION

In Baudot coding technique,
character such as Line Feed (LF)
is given a 5 bit code of __.

ANS. 00010
In data communications, 4B/5B
encoding is sometimes called
___.

ANS. BLOCK CODING

One of the sources of errors
of GPS signal is ionospheric
effect which contributes __ of
error.

ANS.+/- 5m
Considered the area of no
coverage of geostationary
satellite.

ANS. ABOVE 81oC NORTH AND SOUTH

LATITUDES
An analog video signal that
carries the video data as two
separate signals (brightness and
color), unlike composite video
which carries the entire set of
signals in one package.

ANS. S-VIDEO
The world’s first commercial
communications satellite.

ANS. EARLY BIRD (INTELSAT I)

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
is a digital technology for
broadcasting radio stations used
in several countries. It is
otherwise known as ___.

ANS. EUREKA 147

A microphone more sensitive to
sounds directly in front of it than
to sound 90 degrees off to
either side.
ANS. CARDIOID MIC
When placing cardioids-patterned
microphones, each microphone
should be at least four times as far
from the next one as it is from the
sound source. This is known as __
rule.

ANS. 4-TO-1
A recommended method
used to increase antenna
gain and directivity.

ANS. ANTENNA STACKING

A frame that has a total content
of 2430 bytes in SDH framing.

ANS. STM-1
In optics, a ___ is a ray that
originates from an object point
in the y-z plane, but does not
propagate in this plane.

ANS. SKEW RAY

A hybrid network topology that
consists of two or more star
topologies connected using a
multi-station access unit (MAU)
as a centralized hub.

ANS. STAR RING NETWORK

The first transatlantic telephone
cable to use optical fiber that
went into operation in 1988.

ANS. TAT-8
The movie that became the
first home video released to
contain DTS sound.

ANS. JURASSIC
The Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) develops and promotes
Internet standards cooperating
closely with the standard bodies
and dealing in particular with
standards of the TCP/IP and
Internet protocol suite. The
standards published by IETF is
known as
ANS. “REQUESTS FOR COMMENTS” (RFCs)
Describes how rays propagate
through an optical system.

ANS. GEOMETRIC OPTICS

A standard followed for
convenience.
ANS. DE FACTO STANDARD
A standard followed because
it is legally binding contracts
and documents.

ANS. DE JURE STANDARD

Dolby Digital is the common version
containing up to 6 total channels of
sound, with 5 channels for normal-
range speakers (Right Front, Center,
Left Front, Right Rear and Left Rear)
and one channel for the subwoofer.
It is otherwise known as __.
ANS. AC-3
Refers to the interchanging of
the frequency allocations of
carrier channels to prevent
singing, reduce cross talk and
correct for line slope.

ANS. FREQUENCY FROGGING

A sub-discipline of acoustics that
refers to the study of how sound is
generated and measured by
loudspeakers, microphones, sonar
projectors, hydrophones, ultrasonic
transducers and sensors.

ANS. TRANSDUCTION
The reason why pink noise is
often more useful in audio
testing.

ANS. IT CONTAINS CONSTANT

ENERGY PER OCTAVE
A radar frequency bands
used for very long range (e.g.
ballistic missile early warning)
and ground and foliage
penetration.

ANS. UHF
Group 3 faxes take __ to
transmit a single page not
including the initial time for
the fax machines to
handshake and synchronize.
ANS. BETWEEN 6 TO 15 SECONDS
Infrared technology is used to
implement wireless LANs as well as
the wireless interface to connect
laptops and other portable
machines to desktop computer
equipped with an infrared
transceiver. What wavelength band
is used by the typical infrared LANs?

ANS. 780 AND 950 nm

Mobile satellite communications
are used by the airline, maritime
and shipping industry. What mobile
satellite communications service
provider has the widest distribution
network and operates with a global
fleet of 21 satellites?

ANS. INTELSAT
Refers to an antenna
arrangement technique for
reducing the effects of multipath
fading in microwave networks.

ANS. ANTIREFLECTION
Another way of describing a
fade (or reduction in input
signal level) where all
frequencies in the channel of
interest are equally affected.

ANS. FLAT FADING

The frame rate or refresh rate
of a typical PAL format
television.

ANS. 50 Hz
A fax machine with additional
electronics features that can
connect to computers and can
be used to scan documents into
a computer and to print
documents from the computers.

ANS. MULTIFUNTION PRINTER

Added as a loss in computing
the gain of a microwave
communication system.

ANS. FADE MARGIN

The number of transistors in
a CMOS inverter.

ANS. 2
The bending radius during
installation for a lightweight
fiber cable.
ANS. 70 mm
The bending radius for long term
use for an external armored
fiber cable.

ANS. 175 mm
The bending radius during
installation for an external
armored fiber cable.
ANS. 350 mm
Typical installation temperature
range of fiber optics cable.

ANS. 0OC to + 60OC

Typical operating temperature
range in fiber cable installation.

ANS. -30OC to + 70OC

Typical storage temperature
range in fiber cable
installation.

ANS. -40OC to +80OC

The temperature range that is
most restricted because the
cable will be understress
during this time.
ANS. INSTALLATION RANGE
The cable diameter of
lightweight internal fiber
cable.

ANS. 4.8 mm
The cable diameter of
external direct burial fiber
cable.

ANS. 14.8 mm
A cable containing both optic
fiber and copper conductors.

ANS. A HYBRID CABLE

A white fiber with a black
tracer is most likely to be
fiber number __.

ANS. 18
The process of cutting the end of
the fiber in preparation for
connecting two fibers.

ANS. CLEAVING
In fiber optics, a ___ is most
likely to give rise to a gap
loss.

ANS. TANG
A measure of Fresnel
reflection in fiber optics.

ANS. RETURN LOSS

The ITU-T recommendation for
data compression that was
issued in 1990 and uses the
Limpel-Ziv-Welch compression
algorithm.
ANS. V.42bis
The ITU-T recommendation for
error detection and correction
for asynchronous transmission.

ANS. V.42
A measure of how much the
insertion loss is likely to increase in
use after it has been connected and
disconnected a large number of
times in fiber optics.

ANS. MATING DURABILITY

The typical mating durability
in fiber optics.

ANS. 0.2 dB PER 1000 MATINGS

In data communications, a
2400 bps modem running
Class 4 would appear to
operate at __ bps.

ANS. 2900
The most important standard
layered onto the RS-232
signaling.

ANS. MODULATION STANDARD

The modulation technique
that is a variant of QAM and
that includes a method for
forward error correction.

ANS. TRELLIS CODING MODULATION

(TC OR TCM)
In data communications, the RS-
232-C defines how many
electrical circuits that are use for
the protocol handshaking?

ANS. NINE
In RS-232-C standard
handshaking protocol, what
circuit the compute turns on
when it is ready to be connected
to the phone line?
ANS. DATA TERMINAL READY (DTR)
In RS-232-C standard
handshaking protocol, what
circuit the modem turns on
when it is ready and physically
connected to the phone line?

ANS. DATA SET READY (DSR)

In data communications, what
circuit is turned on by the serial
port to tell the modem that is
actually has data queued for
transmission?
ANS. REQUEST TO SEND (RTS)
In data communications, what
circuits is turned on by the
modem to signal the serial port
that the modem wants to write
to the computer?

ANS. CLEAR TO SEND (CTS)

In data communications, what
circuit is turned on by the
modem to signal the serial port
that there is an inbound call?

ANS. RING INDICATOR (RI)

When a modem is receiving data
from the local terminal or serial
port too fast for the modem to
process the data, the modem
will send __ character to the
serial port.

ANS. ASCII 19
In the ETHERNET frame, the
preamble consists of how
many bits?

ANS. 56 BITS
In the ETHERNET frame, __ is an
8-bit field that has a bit pattern
similar to preamble but the last
two bits are both 1s.

ANS. START OF FRAME DELIMITER

(SFD)
The mode field diameter (MFD)
of the single-mode fiber
according to ITU specifications
at 1300 nm wavelength.

ANS. 9-10 MICRONS

The cutoff wavelength of the
single-mode fiber according
to ITU specifications.

ANS. 1100-1280 nm
The dispersion slope or rate of
change of dispersion with
wavelength for the single-mode
fiber according to ITU
specifications.

ANS. MUST BE LESS THAN 0.095

ps/nm2/km
The dispersion resulting from
the birefringent properties of
fiber.
ANS. POLARIZATION MODE
DISPERSION (PMD)
The regional coding for DVD
discs and players of Asia.

ANS. REGION 3
The USA and Canada belongs
to what regional coding for
DVD discs and players?

ANS. REGION 1
A TV broadcast standard mainly
used in Western Europe.

ANS. PAL B/G

The error correction code
used by digital video cassette
(DVC).

ANS. REED-SOLOMON CODE

The official dimensions of the
mini-DV cassette package.

ANS. 66 x 48 x 12.2 mm
The rotation speed of digital 8
tape format.

ANS. 4500 RPM

A tape format used in video
recording that has a track
scanning rotation speed of 1800
rpm.

ANS. Hi8
An optical disc storage media
format where its main uses
are high-definition video and
data storage.
ANS. BLU-RAY DISC
In video recording, the 12 cm
type is a standard DVD, and
the __ variety is known as a
mini-DVD.

ANS. 8 cm
For Group 1 facsimile, the North
American standard is __ Hz for
white and __ Hz for black.

ANS. 1500, EITHER 2300 OR 2400

For Group 1 facsimile, the
CCITT frequencies used are
__ Hz for white and __ Hz for
black.
ANS. 1300, 2300
What mode of gray-scale
facsimile
operation is defined in MIL-STO-
158-161 used for transmission
of multi-level information?

ANS. TYPE II FACSIMILE

An 8 ½ x 11 – inch document
can be transmitted in
approximately __ using Group 2
facsimile over a telephone-type
circuit.

ANS. 3 MINUTES
An 8 ½ x 11-inch document can
be transmitted in approximately
__ using Group 3 facsimile over
a telephone-type circuit.

ANS. 1 MINUTE OR LESS

A computing industry standard
allowing computers to consistently
represent and manipulate text
expressed in most of the world’s
writing systems.

ANS. UNICODE
A fax machine that is
designed to operate over 64
kbps digital ISDN circuit.

ANS. GROUP 4 FAX

A mode that exists in fiber optics
when the electric field is
perpendicular in the direction of
propagation (the z-direction) but
there is a small z-component of
the magnetic field.

ANS. TE MODE
A mode that exists in fiber optics
when the magnetic field is
perpendicular to the direction of
propagation (z) but there is a
small component of the electric
field in this direction.

ANS. TM MODE
A mode that exists when both
the electric and magnetic
field are perpendicular to the
z-direction in fiber optics.

ANS. TEM MODE

The only mode of single-
mode fiber.

ANS. TEM MODE

In optics, the __ in an optical
system is the meridional ray that
starts at the edge of the object
and crosses through the center
of the aperture cone.

ANS. PRINCIPAL RAY OR CHIEF RAY

A mode that exists when both
magnetic and electric fields
are in the z-direction (the
direction of propagation in
fiber optics.
ANS. HE MODE
A polarization maintaining fiber
that operates by creating
stresses within the fiber.

ANS. BOW-TIE FIBER

The simplest of the
polarization maintain fiber
that uses a very high level of
dopant in the core.

ANS. ELLIPTICAL CORE FIBER

A forwarding function
accomplished at the data link
layer.

ANS. BRIDGING
The international space
station is the biggest satellite
in orbit today with an apogee
of __ km.

ANS. 358
In optics, a __ is a ray that is
traced without making the
paraxial approximation.

ANS. FINITE RAY OR REAL RAY

The average speed in orbit of
the international space
station.

ANS. 27,743.8 KPH

The orbital period of the
international space station.

ANS. 91.34 MINUTES

The number of orbits per day
of the international space
station.

ANS. 15.72397664
The International space station
is in a Low Earth Orbit and can
be seen from Earth with the
naked eye, it orbits in an altitude
of approximately __ above the
surface of the Earth.
ANS. 350 km
A group of satellites
working in concert.

ANS. SATELLITE CONSTELLATION

An orbit around the Sun.

ANS. HELIOCENTRIC ORBIT

An orbit around the planet
Mars.

ANS. AREOCENTRIC ORBIT

In the connector
nomenclature RJ-45, RJ
stands for

ANS. REGISTERED JACK

A cable type that has a
maximum length of 700 m

ANS. RG-11
A figure used when deriving
the horizontal resolution for a
television picture.

ANS. KELL FACTOR

In composite video signal
measurement, what
corresponds to the zero voltage
value during the blanking
period?
ANS. 0 IRE
A unit used in the
measurement of composite
video signals.
ANS. IRE
What is the standard visual
carrier of cable TV channel T-
6?

ANS. 13 MHz
What TV channel is now
reserved exclusively for the
radio astronomy service?

ANS. CHANNEL 37
A high-speed parabolic orbit
where the satellite has
escape velocity and is moving
toward the planet.
ANS. CAPTURE ORBIT
A synchronous but highly
elliptic orbit with inclination of
43.4O and orbital period of one
sidereal day roughly 24 hours for
the earth.
ANS. TUNDRA ORBIT
The traditional cable TV
channel 48 belongs to __
band.

ANS. HYPER
A traditional cable TV channel
that belongs to FM band.

ANS. A-5
Number of cable TV channels in
the high band.

ANS. 7
If the visual carrier of cable TV
channel 9 is 19 MHz, then what
is the sound carrier?

ANS. 23.5 MHz

In TV broadcasting, what is
the exact frame rate used in
NTSC standard?

ANS. 29.97
The TV system that uses
MPEG-4 transmission
technology

ANS. HDTV
The cable category that is
…system that is of most interest
in the CCTV Industry because its
high … makes it ideal for the
transmission of video signals.

ANS. CATEGORY 5 UTP CABLE

The maximum data rate
of category 5 UTP cable.

ANS. 100 MBPS

The number of twisted pairs
in category 5 UTP cable.

ANS. 4
A connector used to connect to
the Category 5 cable system

ANS. RJ-45
The maximum run length of
RG-59 cable

ANS. 350 m
A cable type used in CCTV
system that has a maximum run
length of 250 m.

ANS. URM-70
A type of camera pick up …
developed for the use in very
low light conditions.

ANS. SILICON INTENSIFIED TARGET

(SIT)
What does MASER stands for?

ANS. MICROWAVE AMPLIFICATION BY

STIMULATED EMISSION OF
RADIATION
An instrument used to
measure the actual height of
a layer in the troposphere.

ANS. IONOSONDE
The purpose of a limited
stage of
radio receiver.

ANS. TO REDUCE AMPLITUDE NOISE

1 Angstrom equals __ nm.

ANS. 10
The major advantage of FM
over AM.

ANS. FM AMPLITUDE REMAINS

CONSTANT
The wavelength of a radio wave
given the period for one
complete cycle of 1.0µs.

ANS. 300 m
The wave that has the
highest frequency.

ANS. X-RAY
The maximum radio fading that
can be compensated by the
automatic gain control circuit of
radio receivers.

ANS. 40 dB
It is used for short distance …
transmission usually at lower
capacity ranging from 64 kbps
up to 2 Mbps.

ANS. SHORT HAUL

A telephone system using
PCM and TDM.

ANS. T1 SYSTEM
The instrument used in
measuring the standing wave
ratio of a transmission line.

ANS. REFLECTOMETER
A line with an infinite length
or one that is terminated with
a load resistance equal in
value to the characteristic
impedance of the line.

ANS. NON-RESONANT LINE

Term usually used for
optical contact.

ANS. TERMINUS
The process of scrambling,
transmission and … protect the
privacy of transmitted signals.

ANS. ENCRYPTION
The channel bandwidth of the
GSM digital signals used in
Europe and Asia.

ANS. 200 kHz

The type of coupling normally
used with impedance
matching in RF amplifiers.

ANS. TRANSFORMER COUPLING

The stage an image signal in
radio receivers is rejected

ANS. PRIOR TO THE MIXER STAGE

Type of wire used for local
loop system in telephone
system.

ANS. TWISTED PAIR COPPER WIRE

T-series recommendation for
… fax equipment.

ANS. T.6
V-series recommendation for
4.5 kbps modem.

ANS. V.27
For an ideal gas the speed of
sound is proportional to the __
of the absolute temperature.

ANS. SQUARE ROOT

Basic functions implemented
by the IP or internet protocol.

ANS.ADDRESSINGANDFRAGMENTATI
ON
Radio frequency band used
by Bluetooth devices

ANS. ISM BAND

What is the increase in sound
pressure level in dB, if the
pressure is increased two
times?

ANS. 6
In optics, a __ is a ray
that propagates close to
some defined … than the
optical axis.
ANS. PARABASAL RAY
In radar communications
systems, the bandwidth of a
radar receiver is inversely
proportional to __.

ANS. PULSE WIDTH

The agreed standard for
monitoring loudness is the
loudness sensation produced by
a 1 kHz sine wave __ above the
listener’s threshold of hearing.

ANS. 40 dB
MPEG standard that deals
with low data rate video such
as those found in CD-ROMs.

ANS. MPEG-1
The time taken for the intensity
of sound energy in the room to
drop __ of its initial value is
known as reverberation time.

ANS. ONE MILLIONTH

Another name for phase
reversal keying.

ANS. BINARY PHASE SHIFT KEYING

In FSK modulation, the
fundamental frequency of a
binary … is equal to ___.

ANS. ½ OF THE BIT RATE

The minimum Nyquist
bandwidth required to propagate
a signal … modulation is used
and regenerates double-sided
output.

ANS. MINIMUM IF BANDWIDTH

Basic group’s baseband
frequency … standard
frequency deviation …
system.
ANS. 60 to 108 kHz
Baseband frequency of a
basic supergroup in a
standard FDM system.

ANS. 312 TO 552 KHZ

Baseband frequency of a
standard basic U600
mastergroup

ANS. 564 to 3084 kHz

Baseband frequency of L600
mastergroup.

ANS. 60 to 2788 kHz

The ITU-T standard that
defines 33.6 kbps fax rate.

ANS. V.34bis
MPEG-2 is more formally
known as international
standard __.

ANS. ISO/IEC 13818-3

In fiber optics, a __ is a ray of an
optical fiber that geometric
optics predicts would totally
reflect at the boundary between
the core and the cladding, but
which suffers loss due to the
curved core boundary.

ANS. LEAKY RAY OR TUNNELING RAY

A multi-channel digital
surround sound format that is
used for both commercial/
theatrical and consumer
grade applications that
typically use … or 448 kbits/s
(overall)?
ANS. DOLBY 5.1
A multi-channel digital surround
sound format that is used for
both commercial/theatrical and
consumer grade applications
that typically use … or 1536
kbits/s (overall)?

ANS. DTS 5.1

An INTELSAT satellite that
used the new FDMA demand-
assignment system
developed by COMSAT for
satellite.

ANS. INTELSAT IV
An __ is a ray of light that
strikes a surface.

ANS. INCIDENT RAY

The Wide Area Augmentation
System (WAAS) of GPS
available since … 2000
increases the accuracy of …
signals to within __ meters for
compatible receivers.
ANS. 2
Russian counterpart of the
LORAN navigation system.

ANS. CHAYKA
The frame time of T-1
digital carrier in the TDM
system.

ANS. 125 µs
Number of bits in T-1 frame of
a communication system
using TDM.

ANS. 193 BITS

Number of samples in a T-1
frame of TDM communications
system.

ANS. 24 SAMPLES
Mode of black and white
frequencies operation is defined
in ITU-T Recommendation … and
CCITT Recommendation T.6.
ANS. GROUP 4 FACSIMILE
Type of splicing that is done with
an alignment device and using
the core of one fiber to measure
transmittance to the other fiber
to ensure optimum alignment.

ANS. ACTIVE TYPE

A splicing that refers to the
process of permanently joining
the ends of an optical fiber by
applying localized heat to melt
the ends of the fiber.

ANS. FUSION
A ray of light passes through
the optical axis of the optical
fiber.

ANS. MERIDIONAL RAY

The modulation scheme used
by … Group 3 fax that allows
a data rate of up to 33.6
kbps.

ANS. QAM
A Sonet channel offers capacity
ranging up to 40 Gbps and now
becoming available for field
deployment and considered so
far the highest kind.

ANS. OC-768
The data rate of OC-48
Sonet channel

ANS. 2.4 GBPS

A SONET layer that determines
the type and sensitivity of fiber …
considered the lowest among
the fiber layers.

ANS. PHOTONIC LAYER

Medium distance
transmission refers to the
transmission of data over a
distance of approximately __
feet.
ANS. 20
Long distance transmission
refers to the transmission of
data over a distance of
approximately __ feet.

ANS. 21 to 4,000
An entity that oversees the
worldwide address allocation,
DNS root … management and
other IP assignments.
ANS. INTERNET ASSIGNED NUMBERS
AUTHORITY
A routing scheme that
delivers the message to all
nodes in the network.
ANS. BROADCASTING ROUTING
SCHEME
A routing scheme that delivers
the message to a group of nodes
that have expresses interest in
receiving the message.

ANS. MULTICAST ROUTING SCHEME

The plane that contains the
optical … in fiber optics.

ANS. MERIDIAN PLANE

A term usually used to
describe the frequency range
of any musical instrument.

ANS. AMBITUS
Noise reduction coefficient that
indicates perfect absorption.

ANS. 1.0
Noise reduction coefficient that
indicates perfect reflection.

ANS. 0
Low frequency range of
optical signal amplifier.

ANS. 1 kHz to 299 MHz

High frequency range of
optical signal amplifier.

ANS. 300 MHz to 50 GHz

How is synchronization in
synchronous transmission in
data communication
maintained?
ANS. BY NOT ALLOWING LONG
STRINGS OF 1’S
Purpose of run length coding

ANS. TO COMPRESS DATA

“Forward communication”
means communication from:

ANS. BASE TO MOBILE

The instrument used for
illuminating and screwing the
interior part of a … duct.

ANS. FIBER OPTIC

CHOLEDOCHOSCOPE
The potential attenuation rate
of optic fiber can be lowered
to value less than ___ per cm.

ANS. 0.01 dB
A standard low overhead … IP
that is used over packet …
computer communication …

ANS. USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL

Refers to a short length of
fiber optic cable, permanently
fixed in a component … used
to couple optical … between it
and another fiber cable.

ANS. FIBER OPTIC CABLE PIGTAIL

Control in TV receivers that
varies the dc bias of the
picture tube.

ANS. BRIGHTNESS CONTROL

The best viewing distance
from the TV screen.

ANS. 4-8 TIMES THE PICTURE HEIGHT

The picture carrier frequency
of NTSC standard TV channel
NOT located at the center
because in order for the:

ANS. ARRANGEMENT ALLOWS MORE

SPACE
The composition of the Y
signal.

ANS. 0.3R + 0.59G + 0.11B

Why microwave links are
preferred over coax cable in
the transmission of video
signal?
ANS. BECAUSE THEY HAVE LESS
OVER-ALL PHASE DISTORTION
Typical bandwidth of a
satellite transponder.

ANS. 36 MHz
The second symbol of ITU
emission designation.

ANS. THE NATURE OF SIGNAL

MODULATING THE MAIN CARRIER
NTC authorized frequency
stability of cellular mobile
telephone transmission.

ANS. 2.5 MHz (+/-) 2.5 PPM

Maximum acceleration
voltage of ultor.

ANS. 30 kV
Typical time delay incurred for
satellite transmission for
terrestrial station.
ANS. 500 MILLISECONDS
The advantage of series
modulation.

ANS. GENERATES HIGH POWER

Used to couple two
waveguides to compensate
for discontinuities.
ANS. CHOKE FLANGE
The ratio of the separation
distance between two co-channel
cells and the cell radius.

ANS. DISTANCE TO RE-USE RATIO

(D/R)
In propagation sound, what is
referred to as sound
reduction loss?

ANS. TRANSMISSION LOSS

The rate of transmission
capacity of single-mode step
index fiber.

ANS. 2 GBPS
Refers to the average ratio of
transmission of sound energy
in a given direction through
cross sectional area of right
angle to the given direction.

ANS. SOUND INTENSITY