RC Detailing to BS 8110

S A Karunaratne
29-01-2013
(I) Paper & Envelope Sizes & Drawing Sizes

(II) Title Panel, Scales, Line Thickness & Abbreviations

(III) Layouts, Axes & Grid Lines & G A Drawings

(IV) Levels & Dimensions

(V) Slabs & Beams

(VI) What is presented ?
Columns & Walls

(VII) Staircases
(IIX) Corbels & Nibs

(IX) Footings, Piles & Pile Caps

(X) Bar Bending Schedules

(XI) What should be done & what should not be done

Paper & Envelope sizes
ISO 216 sizes ISO 216 sizes ISO 269 sizes
(mm x mm) (mm x mm) (mm x mm)

Paper - A Series Paper - B Series Envelopes - C Series

A0 841 x 1189 B0 1000 x 1414 C0 917 x 1297
A1 594 x 841 B1 707 x 1000 C1 648 x 917
A2 420 x 594 B2 500 x 707 C2 458 x 648
A3 297 x 420 B3 353 x 500 C3 324 x 458
A4 210 x 297 B4 250 x 353 C4 229 x 324
A5 148 x 210 B5 176 x 250 C5 162 x 229
A6 105 x 148 B6 125 x 176 C6 114 x 162
A7 74 x 105 B7 88 x 125 C7 81 x 114
A8 52 x 74 B8 62 x 88 C8 57 x 81
A9 37 x 52 B9 44 x 62 C9 40 x 57
A10 26 x 37 B10 31 x 44 C10 28 x 40

A0 aspect ratio is B0 is 1m to √2m & GM GM between B series

1 : √2 between A series same same number & A
& area is 1m2 number and one lower series same number
Sizes of Paper A & B & Envelopes C are
defined by halving preceding size

5
6
3
4
A1 A0
A2

Size A Paper fits to same size Envelope – e.g., A4 to C4

Size B Paper fits to one number lower size Envelope – e.g., B4 to C3

 Notes MA2-4 MA0-1

M A0-1 = 20 Minimum

M A2-4 = 10 Minimum

Design stage Margin Thickness =

changes
0.5mm minimum
Revisions

Title
Panel 75 - 200

M L = 20mm minimum 105 MA2-4 MA0-1

Drawing Margins & Title Panel

Title Panel should include:
Main & Associated Consultants (If Applicable)

Project Title

Client’s Name (If Applicable)

Drawing Title
Drawn by (Name)
Designed by (Name)

Checked by (Name & Signature)

Approved by (Name & Signature)

Scales & drawn Scale

Office Job Number

Drawing Number & Space for Revision Suffix
Date of Drawing

Office of origin of Drawing

Copy Right Protection Statement
Recommended sizes of drawings
General Arrangement Drawings (G A) : A1
Reinforcement Drawings : A1
Details : A3 & A4

Recommended scales
GA 1 : 100 Wall & Slab details 1 : 50
Beam & Column elevations 1 : 50 Beam & Column sections 1 : 20

Recommended thickness of lines

Dimensions & center lines 0.25mm
Concrete outlines & G A drawings 0.35mm
Concrete outlines & R/F drawings 0.35mm
Links, hoops & cross-ties 0.35 – 0.7mm
Main R/F bars 0.7mm
 Changes & Revisions should include:
Suffix; numeral for changes – 1, 2, 3, ----- & letters for revisions – A, B, C, --

Brief description of revision

Revision made by (Name & Signature)

450
Date of revision

Cloud revised details

250

A Beam depth changed 300 to 450 SAK 24-06-2008

Revision Description Made by Signature Date

Notes should include:
Cross references to GA Drgs

Cross references to connected Detail Drgs

List of abbreviations

(i) Main bar size minus link size (40 -10) = 30mm
Grade of concrete

(ii) Exposure – moderate - C40 – 30mm

Cover to R/F
(iii) 1 ½ hour fire resistance – 20mm

(iv) 20 mm aggregate size – 20mm

30mm
BS 8110 – Exposure conditions
Specify nominal cover to all reinforcement
including links

o Mild –
Protected from weather or aggressive conditions

o Moderate – Sheltered from severe rain, subject

condensation, continuously under water, in contact
with non-aggressive soil

o Severe – Exposed to severe rain, alternate

wetting and drying or severe condensation

o Very severe – Exposed to sea water spray,

corrosive fumes

o Extreme – Exposed to abrasive action or

machinery or vehicles
BS 8110 – Table 3.4 Nominal cover
to meet durability requirements
Condition of exposure Nominal cover
mm mm mm mm mm
Mild 25 20 20 20 20
Moderate - 35 30 25 20
Severe - - 40 30 25
Very severe - - 50 40 30
Extreme - - - 60 50
Max. w/c ratio 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45

Min. cement (kg/m3) 275 300 325 350 400

Lowest concrete grade C30 C35 C40 C45 C50

Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm

Table is for normal-weight aggregate of 20mm nominal max. size

BS 8110 – Table 3.5 Nominal
cover to meet fire requirements
Fire Nominal cover
Beams Floors Ribs Columns
resistance
SS Cts SS Cts SS Cts
h mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
0.5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
1.5 20 20 25 20 35 20 20
2 40 30 35 25 45 35 25
3 60 40 45 35 55 45 25
4 70 50 55 45 65 55 25
Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm

Additional measures are required to reduce spalling

Cover to main R/F given in Tables 4.2 & 4.3 is considered.

BS 8110: Part 1: Section 7.3
COVER TO REINFORCEMENT
Reference to EuroCodes
BS EN 206-1 Concrete – Part 1:
Specification, Performance, production &
conformity
 BS 8500-1 Concrete – Part 1: 2002
Method of specifying & guidance for
the specifier

 BS 8500-2 Concrete – Part 2: 2002

Specification for constituent materials &
concrete ; BS 5328 withdrawn 1-12-2003
A List of Abbreviations
ABR = Alternate Bar Reversed Blk = block work

Bw = Both ways B = Bottom

Bwk = Brick work Crs = Centres
¢ = Centre Line dia or F = Diameter

drg = drawing EF = Each face

EGWL = Existing ground water level EL = Existing level
FF = Front face FFL = Finished floor level
FS = Full size H = High tensile steel

horiz = Horizontal R = Mild steel / Round bars

NF = Near face NTS = Not to scale

pkt = pocket RC = Reinforced concrete

RRM = Random rubble masonry SFL = Structural floor level

T = Top vert = vertical

Recommended practices in drawing preparation

Site Plan drgs : should show North Point N

All other drgs : to site plan orientation

Continuation drgs : provide key plan / portion covered

provide reference continuation drg numbers

R/F drgs : show large openings; upto 150 x 150 mm &

150F holes need not be shown; but refer to drgs

As-Built or Record drgs: amend original drawings as constructed

 1
7000 N
E
6000

A B C D E
D 6000 6000 6000 6000

Road
1
6000

7000
Access
6000

B 2
6000

Plan - Detail
A Main Road

LAYOUT PLAN DETAIL PLAN

ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS
 1 2 3

1 B

Key Plan

Floor slab A1 - 22nd Level

Detailed Area is marked in Key Plan

Grid lines & Axes
LUC
1 2 3
Axes commence at LLC and up. C
C
C12
C
C22
C

Omit I and O C
B23

B11

B21

B31
Grids commence at LUC and right B
B12 B22

A23

A11

A21
Columns A1, A2 are at intersection of

A31
A12 A22
A & 1, A & 2 etc A

LLC
Beam reference is panel LLC
column identification & a suffix
say A11, A12 etc
Structural General Arrangement Drawing
(BASED ON ORIGINAL DRAWING BY OTHERS)
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING
C25/
30 Concrete C40/50 C35/45 C32/40 C25/30 C20/25
Concrete Grades in High Rise Buildings
Building Structures are Designed
from top (roof) to bottom (foundations)

Building Structures are usually constructed

from foundations to roof

Therefore typical details should be referred

from bottom (foundation level) to
top (roof level) and not from top to bottom
to avoid confusion at construction stage.
Levels in metres

(a) For major works use Ordnance Survey (OS) datum

(b) Civil & major Building works use a TBM or transferred OS datum

(c) For minor works use a job datum wrt a suitable fixed point

On plan levels are indicated within a rectangle and preferably

described SSL
155.075

On Elevations & Sections project beyond drawing with closed

arrowhead FFL SSL
155.075

50
Dimensioning recommendations

Unit for layouts and levels is metre; say 2.450, 128.400, 9.125m

Unit for R/F and sections is millimeter; say 5, 35, 2575 (can avoid
writing mm and dimension to whole mm)

Place dimensions above and not through dimension lines or not

inside details. Place to view from bottom or RHS of drg.

G A drgs should give setting out dimension & sizes of members

Dimensions in R/F drgs only to show correct location of R/F.

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING
SHOWING DIMENSIONING AND LEVELS
SLABS 1
BAR CURTAILMENT
SIMPLE RULES
SLABS 2
BAR ANCHORAGE
TYPICAL ONE-WAY SPANNING SLAB
TYPICAL

TWO-WAY

SLAB
SLAB R/F ARRANGEMENT
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

E
Open courtyard
D

From experience recommend continuous nominal top R/F in:

(1) All coloured panels preferably in open courtyard situations

(2) All the slab panels in a roof

to avoid shrinkage cracks
TYPICAL FLAT-SLAB PANEL 1
Flat Slab Raft Foundation & Column R/F Starter Bars
TYPICAL FLAT-SLAB PANEL 2
Flat Slab Raft Foundation with a Deep Beam at Change of Levels
Trimming of holes in normal slabs 1
Conditions
l y = 6000 l = length
(a) wras - max = 1000 w = width
ps = parallel to
span

l x = 4000
(b) wmin - used = w1 = 250 (assume) lps
lps used = unsupported
lps edge distance
(c) lps - max = 0.25 l x = 1000
wa-i wras w1 = = ras = right angle to
(d) wtotal - max = 0.25 l y = 1500 span
wmin - used
(e) Small holes with sides (F ) <= 150 could be neglected structurally

(f) For holes side < = 500 Cut & replace equal area bars either side.
displace bars either side; space checked Extend bars 45F beyond hole

45F
TRIMMING OF HOLES 2
(g) If hole side (500 - 1000) treat as in (f) but trim with
similar bars at top. 45f min
If element depth is >= 250 furnish diagonal bars top
and bottom.

(h) In group of holes within 500 or less treat as single hole

and trim as in (f); but bars should pass alongside where
possible.

(i) In group of holes within 500 and 1000 treat as single hole
and trim as in (f) and (g).

®
Cutting element bars passing through hole and furnishing a
stirrup as a trimmer is totally wrong
Joints in Slabs 1
Control joints a retooled, sawed,
or pre-moulded joints to allow for
shrinkage of large concrete areas.
Control joints create a weakened
section that induce cracking to
occur along the joint, rather than
in a random fashion.

Isolation joints provide a

separation between a slab on
grade and columns or walls, so
that each can move independently.
Expansion Joints 2

In a 100mm thick concrete walkway, what is the typical spacing for

expansion joints? 6m on center
accommodates movement due to both
expansion and contraction
EXPANSION JOINTS 3
BEAMS 1
BAR CURTAILMENTS
SIMPLE RULES 1
BEAMS 2
BEAMS 3
ANCHORAGE &
LAP LENGTHS
Beam R/F Detailing Methods
(i) If pre-assembled main R/F, hanger bars & links stopped 50mm
short of face of support & splice bars used at supports.
(ii) If assembled at works - Span main bars lapped at or near the
support. Link support bars lapped with ends of top main bars.
(iii) Max. link space 0.75d longitudinal & 150mm horizontal space
between tension bars
(iv) Max. area Asc or Ast <= 4%bh; Min. Asc > = 0.2 & Ast >= 0.13
(V) Maxim. Clear Distance between tension bars ab<=160
Short line at 300 “Calling up” of
and tagged bars approx. at
mid of bar

DETAIL OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

DETAILS OF CONTINOUS BEAMS
 Holes in Concrete Beams: Circular preferable
(1) Checks required (a) Shear capacity and (b) Moment Capacity
(2) Additional stirrups and longitudinal bars and trimmer bars are required
(3) If long rectangular hole unavoidable, frame with Vierendeel-type truss
(4) Locate holes around ¼ o 1/3 span if possible
(5) If many holes are required design the beam “oversize”
(6) Sizes of vertical holes limit to b/4 & horizontal holes h/4
 1 2 3
2500 6500 7500
2500 6500 7500
2500 6500 7500

hagg + 5; but < F or F e

50 50

11R6-08-150 VARIES 27R10-05-250

23R10-05-250

25 25

11R6-08-150 VARIES 23R10-05-250 27R10-05-250 2/3xhagg or F or F e if > = hagg +5

Min. distance between bars

Bar curtailment not shown completely

Sometimes stirrup arrangement not shown

Correct & unacceptable beam labeling

 b =500 b = 500

>1000 for EC2

450
sb

750
450
150

ab <= 160
sb =<250; F = 16
F side bar = √
sb x b / fy sb =<150; F = 12 for EC2

Beam side bar detailing

Correct & wrong practices
 Even in EC2

DO NOT ALLOW
DISCONTINUITY
1000

1000
OF VERTICAL LEG

115 185
800 800

TIE ALL COMPRESSION BARS TENSION BARS

TIE TENSION BARS WHEN GAP >150 COMPRESSION BARS
SIDE BARS

CORRECT STIRRUP ARRANGEMENT SINGLE STIRRUP WRONG

Wide beam stirrup arrangement

A very deep beam shows link arrangement
 SIMPLE COLUMN DETAIL
(1) Main R/F Max. 6%bh; Min 0.4%bh;
Max area at laps 10%bh
(2) Min. Bar size 12mm; circular columns
6 number of bars
(3) Min. joggle offset = 2F + 10% tolerance
(4) Min. joggle length – 10 x centre-line-
offset or 300mm Min.
(5) Allow 75mm for kicker

(6) Min. size of link ¼ F of largest vertical bar

(7) Max. pitch – 12 F smallest compression bar
(8) All vertical bars to be tied if space > 150mm
and all alternate bars to be tied by links
(9) Maximum space between main R/F;
Compression <=300
Tension <=175
DETAILS OF COLUMNS 1
ACI 318-02 in new Appendix A
recommends hooking bars towards
the center of the column to develop
full flexural strength of the column.
 tension lap tension lap

®
t>= 300; 4 corner bars t>= 300; 4 corner bars
t< 300; 2 corner bars t< 300; 2 corner bars

Horizontal bar outside Horizontal bar inside

easy to fix difficult to fix

t WALL REINFORCEMENT t

For shrinkage effects Fy 250 460

(a) Min. R/F both vertical & horizontal 1 face or 0.3% 0.25%

½ each face 0.15% 0.125%

(b) Vertical R/F; (i) Min. Asc = 0.4% (0.2% each face)
(ii) Max. Asc = 4%

(iii) When Asc > 2%; Max. bar space >= 16 x vertical
bar size
WALL VERTICAL R/F INSIDE & HORIZONTAL R/F OUTSIDE
DETAILS OF WALLS
R/F of wall showing horizontal bar placement in outer layer
WALL R/F ASSEMBLY
RETAINING WALL DETAILS SHOWS OUTER
HORIZONTAL R/F
 500T16-02-250 NF
500T16-02-250 NF
500T12-03-250 FF
500T12-03-250 FF
12T10-05-200 FF

12T10-04-200 NF

12T10-05-200 FF
500T16-01-250 NF
500T16-01-250 NF

12T10-04-200 NF

Correct & unacceptable labeling of wall R/F

STAIRCASE R/F DETAILS
DETAILS OF STAIRCASES
Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F. Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F. Ast - Main TR
Large bend required on plan Large bend required as welded to plate
in elevation or cross bar
Two column Two column
links close to links close to
corbel top corbel top

DO NOT BEND THIS WAY

Tension lap Tension lap

Ast - Horiz >= Ast - Horiz >=

Compression 50% of Compression 50% of
anchorage Ast - Main TR anchorage Ast - Main TR

Compression bars. Area >= 1000mm2/metre
of width of corbel
When main tensile R/F <= 16mm F
Corbel R/F (without welds)
CORBELS
Compression bars. Area >= 1000mm2/metre
of width of corbel
When main tensile R/F <= 20mm F
Corbel R/F (with welds)
 Tension
anchorage
length
Tension anchor Closed links or
if "U" bars used "U" bars be used Horizontal "U"
bars. F <= 16
Tie to at least two
main longitudinal
reinforcement t >= 140

Lacer bar same F

Link F should as horizontal "U" bars
not more than 12

Standard Nib detail Shallow Nib detail

NIBS
PAD FOOTING 1
Pad Foundations with Schedule
DETAILS OF FOUNDATIONS 2 – PAD FOOTING & SCHEDULE
Detailing of Pile Locations & Pile Cap Drawings
(1) Show the pile centers wrt grid lines
(2) Do not indicate dimensions from grid lines to site boundaries
(3) Indicate cut off levels and anticipated rock levels
(4) Indicate concrete grade, cover to reinforcement
(5) Pile diameters, Identity of Pile, Pile Groups and number of piles
(6) Pile cap dimensions
(7) Indicate column or wall starters
(8) Show the radius of bend of main reinforcement of piles
(9) Provide outer (peripheral) bursting reinforcement T16@200
(10) Indicate pitch of links if different at top and the rest of the pile length
(11) Indicate whether the links are helical or circular
(12) Use nominal top reinforcement in large pile caps to avoid shrinkage cracks

i.e. 0.13bh, where

h= 250
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 1
T10 - 300 T10 - 300 GFL
+0.70

VARIES 500
+0.20

PILE CUT OFF

12T25 LEVEL VARIES
PILE

75
1200 F PILE 1000 F PILE
PILE CAP OUTLINE DETAILS

1 2 3 4
2500 3800 7500 7500
F PILE GROUP SCHEDULE
PILE PILE
PILE
4572kN 8623kN 8910kN GROUP F PILE CUT OFF LEVE (m)
6000

NO
NO (mm)
823 1516

1516
P13 P16
P10 S P1 800 -1.250
E S P2 800 -1.250
823

P11 900 -1.975

1/1200 F
PG9 P12 900 -1.975
P11 1350 1350 P12 P14 1350 1350 P15
P13 900 -1.975
6000

P14 900 -1.975

4200kN PG9 3/900 F PG9 3/900 F
PG9 P15 900 -1.975
1200 1200

P23 P16 900 -1.975

D
P22 TOTAL NUMBER OF PILES
PILE F 1200 1000 900 800 600
6000

NO OF PILES 24 31 15 28 08
PG1 2/800 F
TOTAL 106 PILES
C
LAYOUT
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 2
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 3
Tie beams detailed at the top of pile cap
to reduce construction difficulties.
Refer “Pile Design & construction
practice” by M J Tomlinson Section 7.8
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 4
(DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 5)
Bar bending scheduling to BS 8666, BSI 2000
SHEET 1 – BAR SHAPES

7T16- 05 (a to g) -100 – B1

SEVEN NUMBERS HIGH TENSILE

SIXTEEN MM DIAMETER BAR MARK

ZERO FIVE VARYING LENGTH a TO h

AT HUNDRED MM CENTERS AT

BOTTOM OUTER LAYER

SHEET 2 – BAR SHAPES
SHEET 3 – BAR SHAPES
SHEET 6 – MIN SCHEDULING RADIUS
AND BEND ALLOWANCES
 STEMS Bar schedule ref: 750 0 4 A
Site ref: 4321 Dat 24-05-08 Revised 24-06-08
Typical Bar Bending Prepared by : A B C Checked SAK

No of bars

Length of
members
Type & F
Bar mark

Total No
Member
Schedule

in each

Shape

A mm
B mm
No of

code
each
Beam T
01 2 4 8 5000 00 Straight
B1 20
T
02 2 8 16 1300 12 290
20
T
03 2 3 12 3250 12 130
12
T
04 2 20 80 2280 51 680 380
10
T
05 2 20 40 900 21 130 380
10
R
06 2 10 20 1955 47 685 385
6
T
2000 680 380 A
10

This schedule complies with BS 8666: 2000

What should and should not be done by Junior Structural Design Engineers

(1) Study the scope of works, and understand the Architectural drawings
(2) Discuss with senior engineers the concept and develop the GA Drawings
(3) Obtain approval from architects the GA drawings
(4) Discuss with Building Services Engineers ducts & opening sizes ect.
(5) Discuss with Architect, Services Engineers the clear depth between
beam soffit & ceilings
(6) Use computer meaningfully and double check the outputs
with simple manual calculations
(7) Obtain approval of sketches from senior engineers prior to draughting
(8) Check drawings prior to obtaining senior engineers signature in drawings

What should and should not be done by draughtspersons

(1) Study and understand the Architectural drawings
(2) Check whether the sketches are signed by senior engineers
(3) Study the sketches and if doubtful check with the designer
(4) Do not blindly copy (cut and paste) from other details without understanding
(5) If schedules are not given elevate all beams in one direction in some order without mixing
up in other direction beams
(6) Give cross reference to typical details of lower levels not from top levels
(7) Indicate overall dimensions in plans & sectional elevation of buildings
Thank you