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Ferroelectric

An Introduction
Introduction
 A ferroelectric is an insulating system
with two or more discrete stable states,
referred as “spontaneous polarisation”.
 It must be possible to switch between
these states using an applied electric field.
 The interaction change the energy of the
states through coupling
 
 EP
Property of Ferroelectric
 Polarization depend on Temperature

 Above critical Temp which is called Curie


Temp, it become paraelectric
Hysteresis
 P-E hysteresis
Switching
 Related to the coercive field or coercive
voltage
Example
 Ferroelectric can occur through displacive
phase transition
 Ex. Material : perovskite BaTiO3

 Left Ti centered, right Ba centered point


of view
Cont.
 Above 120oC, the crystal has cubic
perovskite

 Below 120oC, it transform to a


ferroelectric tetragonal phase
The type of Ferroelectric
 Order-disorder: Crystal with hydrogen
bound where the motion of protons is
related to ferroelectricity.

 Displacive class: The ionic crystals, related


to the displacement of the ions producing
polarization.
Cont.
Ferroelectric Domain
 FE crystal consist of regions called
domains within each of which the
polarization is in the same direction
Cont.
 The application of applied field will
increase the domain with the same
direction with the field
Displacive transition
 Model of polarization catastrophe, where
for critical condition, the polarization
component become very large.
 In a polarization catastrophe, the local
field caused by the ionic displacement is
larger than the restoring force, giving
asymmetrical shift to a finite
displacement.
Cont.
 The dielectric constant is in the form
8
1
3
 N i i

4
1 8  N i i
1
3
3N
 i i

 The dielectric constant become infinite


and permits a finite pol. without field if
N  i i  3 / 4
 This is condition for polarization
catastrophe
Cont.
 The value of  is sensitive to small
displacement. If we write
4 / 3 Nii  1  3s s  1
 The dielectric constant become
  1/ s
 Suppose near critical temp s varies
linearly with temp
s  (T  TC ) / 
 Then 

T  TC
The Application
 Ferroelectric RAM
HW

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