ELECTRICAL SAFETY FOR HOUSE

APPLIANCES
AND
ELECTRICAL SAFETY TOOLS

Mr. IBRAHIM SAIF AL-QAIDHI

Department Of Electrical
Seeb Vocational college
Take Electricity Seriously
 Electricity is the second leading
cause of death in construction.
 Over 30,000 non-fatal shocks
occur each year.
 Over 600 deaths occur annually
due to electrocution.
Fundamentals of Electricity
 Electrical current is the flow of electrons
through a conductor.
 A conductor is a material that allows
electrons to flow through it.
 Common Electricity conductors are
water, metals, trees and people.
 Electricity non conductors are glass,
porcelain, plastic and cloth.
 Different types of Materials
Respective of their property

Good Conductors Bad Conductors

Low resistance
Medium
Carry current resistance

Used for
converting
Copper & Aluminum
electrical
energy into
Tungsten & Nichrome
heat, light &
Non Conductors sound
Wires & cables
High use conductors
resistance & non
Insulators conductors to
PVC, glass their advantage
 Different types of conductors
Material Used

Copper Aluminum
High conductivity
60%
Easily soldered
conductivity
Heavier & more expensive of copper
than aluminum
Cheap &
Copper used in house lighter than
wiring copper

1.5mm2, 2.5mm2
Galvanized Iron (GI)
4mm2 , 6mm2
Heavier than
aluminum
Lowest Used in
conductivity overhead
lines
 Different types of conductors
Physical Appearance

Solid Conductor Stranded Conductor

Used in cables. Flexible

e.g. copper,
aluminum, steel
1, 7, 19, 37 stands

1.13 to 3.73 mm diameter

Multi stranded Conductor Flexible Conductor

0.2 or 0.3 mm diameter
14, 23, 40 strands

<0.2 mm diameter
14, 22, 24,84 strands
Wires & Cables
Wires & Cables are purpose built conductors

The size & type of wire/cable must suit the power rating required for
their use. The higher the power the thicker the wire/cable

Wires

Domestic & small industry wiring

In appliances

Cables

Small & big industries

Distribution Lines
Transmission lines
 Types of Wires
Cabe Tyre Sheath wire (CTS)
tinned copper

Thicker
Rubber/plastic

Old type: not

readily available
to purchase

Rubber/plastic
Don’t absorb moisture

Available in 250/440V only

Types of Wire
PVC Wire
copper/ aluminum

Widely used
Long life
Durable against
water, heat, oil,
UV light

Available in 600, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

660, 1100 Voltage
Wiring Appliances Returns current
to power source
What do each of these
Neutral
wires do?
Live
Provides current to
appliance

Earth
Takes current to ground if
appliance has fault

What wire is missing and

why?
Standard Wire Gauge & Current
Carrying Capacity
Maximum safe
Each number current that can
represents a size of flow through a
wire cable

Higher current will heat

the cable and damage the
insulation and may result
in short circuit
 Cables
Larger sized conductors

Types of cable are sorted by:

Type of insulation Type of conducting material

Cotton covered Copper
Silk coated Aluminum
Asbestos covered
Rubber coated
PVC coated

Their shape Mechanical protection Voltage Grade

Flat Unarmored Low

Round Armored High
Splices & Terminals
When a cable enters into an accessory its called a termination.

Splices or terminals must be used at termination points

These must be as mechanically & electrically strong as the conductor or

device which it is used.

Types
Pillar terminals

Screw heads & nuts

Washers
ELECTRIC SHOCK
How Shocks Occur
 Current travels in closed circuits
through conductors (water, metal, the
human body).
 Shock occurs when the body becomes
a part of the circuit.
 Current enters at one point & leaves at
another.
 More than 3 milliamps (ma): painful
shock
 More than 10 ma: muscle contraction
 More than 20 ma: considered severe
shock
 More than 30 ma: lung paralysis
 More than 50 ma: possible ventricular
fibrillation (usually fatal)
 100 ma to 4 amps: certain ventricular
fibrillation (fatal)
 Over 4 amps: heart paralysis; severe
burns
In Home I should avoid these following Activities

Do not touch the switches with wet hands

Never Use Electrical devices near Water
Avoid Overloading
Never do in hair dryer Never do in bread toaster
Outlets
Check for outlets that have loose-fitting plugs, which
can overheat and lead to fire.
Replace any missing or broken wall plates. Make sure
there are safety covers on all unused outlets that are
accessible to children.
Cords
Make sure cords are in good condition—not frayed or
cracked. Make sure they are placed out of traffic areas.
Cords should never be nailed or stapled to the wall,
baseboard or to another object.
Do not place cords under carpets or rugs or rest any
furniture on them.
 Plugs
Make sure your plugs fit your outlets. Never remove the
ground pin (the third prong) to make a three-prong fit a
two-conductor outlet; this could lead to an electrical shock.
NEVER FORCE A PLUG INTO AN OUTLET IF IT DOESN'T
FIT.
 Plugs should fit securely into outlets. Avoid overloading
outlets with too many appliances.
Light Bulbs
Check the wattage of all bulbs in light fixtures to make
sure they are the correct wattage for the size of the
fixture.
Replace bulbs that have higher wattage than
recommended; if you don't know the correct wattage,
check with the manufacturer of the fixture.
Make sure bulbs are screwed in securely; loose bulbs
may overheat.
Points of Entry and Exit in the human body
Always should wear the safety tools
Most common
safety tools are
Insulated Gloves

Safety shoes

Voltage Detector

Insulated
Ladders

Life saving kit

Rescue Safely for the electricity affected
person and will give the first aid
 Get to know your
ELECTRICS
Main switch
The main switch in the
fusebox allows yout o turn
off the supply to your
electricalinstallation
Fuses
Older homes often have
rewireable fuses which
automatically disconnect
the circuit to prevent danger
when a fault or overload
current goes above a safe
level.
Circuit breakers
Newer homes are likely to
have circuitbreakers in the
fusebox which switch off a
circuit if there is a fault.
When they ‘trip’, you can
simply reset the switch.
However, you first need to
find and correct the fault.
Residual Current Devices
(RCD)
An RCD is a life-saving device
which is designed to prevent you
from getting a fatal electric shock
if you touch something live, such
as a bare wire. It provides a level
of protection that ordinary fuses
or circuitbreakers cannot.
Circuit Breakers/Fuses
Circuit breakers and fuses should be the correct size
current rating for their circuit.
If you do not know the correct size, have an electrician
identify and label the size to be used.
Always replace a fuse with the same size fuse.
 Obvious dangers
yet we all make these mistakes

• Repairing an appliance while it is still plugged in

• Trailing cables under a carpet or rug to keep them out of the way

• Drying clothes on an electric heater

• Installing downlighters

• Storing combustible materials close to electrical equipment

Water and Electricity Don't Mix
Don't leave plugged-in appliances where they might fall in
contact with water.
 If a plugged-in appliance falls into water, NEVER reach in
to pull it out—even if it's turned off.
First turn off the power source at the panel board and then
unplug the appliance.
 If you have an appliance that has gotten wet, don't use it
until it has been checked by a qualified repair person.
Electricity can be safe but only
when we use it the right way

Thank you