ROLE, ORIGINS &

APPLICATION OF ISO 9000

(Quality & Quality System)

Reporter: Dinah Fe T. Olitan

 The past has only got us to where we
are today;
it may not necessarily get us to where
we want to be.
John Thompson
The Role of ISO 9000
 What is ISO 9000?
ISO 9000:2000 is a series of three International Standards
for Quality Management Systems. They specify
requirements and recommendations for the design
and assessment of management systems.

What is the purpose of ISO 9000?

The purpose of these standards is to assist organizations
of all types to implement and operate effective quality
management systems.
The primary users of the standards are intended to be
organizations acting as either customers or suppliers.
 What is the ISO 9000
family of standards?
ISO 9000 QMS – Fundamentals and Vocabulary
- to provide an appreciation of the fundamental
principles of quality management systems and an
explanation of the terminology used in the family of
standards.
The need to use?
1. Without an understanding of the terms, the standards
are prone to misinterpretation.
2. Although they are not requirements, the context and
interpretation of the requirements will not be
understood without an appreciation of the concepts
that underpin the requirements.
 What is the ISO 9000
family of standards?
ISO 9001 QMS – Requirements
- to provide requirements which if met will enable
organizations to demonstrate they have the capability to
consistently provide product that meets customer and
applicable regulatory requirements.
- states that the standard can be used to assess the
organization’s ability to meet customer, regulatory and
the organization’s own requirements.
The need to use?
1. Customers and third parties can use the standard to
assess the capability of organizations to provide product
that meets customer and regulatory requirements.
2. This can be used by organizations as a model in
designing their own management systems.
 What is the ISO 9000
family of standards?
ISO 9004 QMS – Fundamentals and Vocabulary
- to provide guidance for improving the efficiency,
effectiveness and overall performance of an organization.
The need to use?
1. Can be used as guidance in designing, operating and
improving a company’s management system.
2. If followed, an organization would have no problem in
demonstrating that it has an effective management
system.
 Why was ISO 9000 created?
1. The standard was primarily intended for situations
where customers and suppliers were in a contractual
relationship.
The purpose was to facilitate mutual understanding of
quality management system requirements in national &
international trade in order to reduce costs of customer
sponsored audits performed to verify the capability of
their suppliers.
2. However, the 1994 version has been applied in non-
contractual situations where customers normally
purchase on the basis of recommendation or prior
knowledge.
 What does ISO 9000 apply to?
The ISO 9000 family of standards can be applied to all
organizations regardless of type, size and product
provided. The 1994 versions were particularly focused on
the manufacturing sector, but this has largely been
remedied in the 2000 version.
They are standards that apply to the management of an
organization and only the management can and should
decide how it will respond to these standards and
recommendations.
Origin of ISO 9000
 The brief history illustrates four things:

• That standards are an ancient concept that survived

several millennia;
• That a means of verifying compliance often follows the
setting of standards;
• That the formalizing of working practices is centuries
old and seen as a means to consistently meet
standards;
• That market regulation (relative to the standard of
goods and services) has been around for centuries for
the protection of both craftsmen and traders.
3000 BC
- The principles of inspection against standards have
been around since the Egyptians built the Pyramids.
Imhotep have set standards for stones to ensure they
were uniform and used wooden gauges for
measurement.
- Sumerians developed written language around 3100
BC and much of what was written at that time was
almost exclusively for business and administrative
purposes.

Third century AD
- associations of traders and craftsmen called collegia
existed in ancient Rome as a means of monopolizing
trade and establishing trading practices.
Tenth century AD
- The The collegia did survive in the Byzantine Empire
and particularly in what is now Istanbul.
- The Book of the Prefect, a manual of government was
drawn to describe an elaborate guild organization
whose primary function was the imposition of rigid
controls, especially for financial and tax-raising
purposes on every craft and trade in the city.
Eleventh century AD
- The guild system was established. Guilds came to
control the distribution and sale of food, cloth, and
other goods and compelled foreign merchants to pay
a fee if they wanted to participate in local trade.
- the skill of the workman rather than his equipment
determined the quantity and quality of his output.
(Journeyman was common)
Thirteenth century AD
- In 1300, Edward I, King of England brought in a statute
that no gold or silver be sold until tested by the ‘Gardiens
of the Craft’ and struck with the leopard’s head first
known as the king’s mark.

Sixteenth century AD
- The guild system was in decline with the emergence of
regulated companies and other associations of wealthy
merchant-capitalists.

Eighteenth century AD
- Under the influence of Adam Smith the age of the
specialist was born.
Nineteenth century AD
- In Taylor formulated the task concept where the work
of every worker is fully planned in advance and each
man receives in most cases written work instructions
describing in detail the task which he is to accomplish as
well as the means to be used in doing the work.

1900–20
- The Taylor’s principles (adopted in ISO 9000) were as
follows:
1. ‘Develop a science for each element of a man’s work.
2. ‘Scientifically select and then train, teach and develop
the workman.
3. ‘Heartily cooperate with the men so as to ensure all of
the work is being done in accordance with the principles of
the science that have been developed’.
4. ‘There is an almost equal division of the work and the
responsibility between the management and the workers.
1950s
- Quality management emerged as a function in
industry after WWII and the principles were codified by
J M Juran in his Quality Control Handbook of 1951.
- In 1959 the first national standard, Mil Std 9858 on
quality program requirements was issued by the
American Department of Defense.
1960s
- The Mil-Q-9858 was followed by a number of military
standards relating to the management of product
quality for procurement purposes.
1970s
- The In 1975, Canada was the first nation to develop and
publish quality system standards for commercial (non-
military) use.
1980s
- The birth of ISO 9000 which was drafted by 26 countries.
Each country connected with its development then
brought out a national equivalent.
- ISO 9000 was published in 1987 as a set of six standards.
ISO 8402, ISO 900–1, ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003 and ISO
9004–1.
1990s
- The popularity of ISO 9000 grew. Initially it was used
entirely within the manufacturing sector and was also
adopted by the service sector. Initially being used in
product-related services it soon took off among the
professions, schools, health care, transport, agriculture etc.
• Reviews (1992, 1994, 2000)
Little q to Big Q
ISO 9004:1994
ISO 9004:2000
The 3 pillars of ISO 9000
 It is the quality of leadership in an
organization that creates an environment in
which people will do the right things right
without having to be told.