Problem statement

Gap Findings
Problem Low enrollment continues in spite of high demand for skill training
among both gender (Cheema, Naseer, & Shapiro, 2015). Additionally,
enormous figures of students withdraw their studies and left behind desire
to or push to enroll in general education. students that are enrolled in TVET
also have lot of misconception regarding their education which boost their
dropout rate or hinder to choose the TVET institutes (Shah, 2010).
Research Gap Kemal (2005) indicates a general neglect of the human resource
development in case of Pakistan as depicted in its low Human
Development Index accompanied with least consideration in skill
development. Farrukh Bashir, (2011) it examine the macroeconomic
variables on various levels, primary, secondary, higher, college and
university enrolment in Pakistan.

Most research Quisumbing, (2013) curricula is outdated, the industry-institute linkage is

focused on weak in the country; Hussain, (2014); political instability and lack of
qualitative research coordination; Inamullah et al., (2009), outdated technology, financial
constraints and lack of trained teachers
 Research Objective
Generally, this study is to observe the relationship between socioeconomic status, Role
model, student interest and participation of TVET students and investigate the role of
self-efficacy as a mediator.

Specifically, the purposes of this study are:

• To examine the demographic variable of student (Age, Gender, Ethnicity, school
location) who are enrolled in TVET and who are not enrolled among secondary
school.
• To determine the level of parents SES, Role Model, interest and Self-efficacy of
students who are enrolled in TVET and who are not enrolled among secondary
school.
• To determine the relationship between parents SES of student who are enrolled in
TVET and who are not enrolled among secondary school.
• To examine the relationship between Role model for student who are enrolled in
TVET and who are not enrolled among secondary school.
 Conceptual framework

Socioeconomic
status

TVET
Student interest Self-efficacy Participation

Role Model

Independent variables Mediator Dependent variable

 Research Methodology
Research EX-POST-FACTO Research design
Design

Population1 the students who are enroll in diploma associate of engineering (DAE in
Electronics, Computer information Technology, Mechanical, Architecture)
of Govt. polytechnic institutes /Govt. colleges of technology in Punjab.
The student population of Diploma Associate of Engineering consist of
37397

Population 2 The purposive sampling procedure will be adopted in selection of non-

TVET secondary colleges that will be situated within 5 kilometer radius
from a technical college. Since data is planned to be collected from the
students of all the streams-Bio-science, Computer-science and
Humanities-therefore only those colleges will be listed in which all the
three stream are being offered.
Sampling A random sampling technique will be used to collect the data for each
Technique Govt. polytechnic Institutes / Govt. colleges of technology in Punjab.

Sample Size Yamane’s formula (1973) will be used as a method to choose appropriate