Inter-VLAN Routing: Advanced Computer Networks

Advanced Computer Networks
Inter-VLAN Routing
Lecturer:
Eng . Ahmed Hemaid
E-mail :
ahemaid@iugaza.edu.ps
Office:
I 114
1
Inter-VLAN Routing
Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 6 2
 What is Inter-VLAN Routing?
 Each VLAN is a unique broadcast domain.
○ Computers on separate VLANs are, by default, not able
to communicate.
 Each VLAN is a unique IP subnetwork.
 To allow VLANs to communicate, we need a router to

communicate among separate broadcast domains
and unique IP subnetworks.
 Inter-VLAN routing, then, is a process of
forwarding traffic from one VLAN to another
VLAN using a router. Chapter 6 3
 Methods:
 Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing.
 Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing.
 Switch Based Inter-VLAN Routing.
Chapter 6 4
 Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:Internally Routed to
the proper subnet.
 One router interface per VLAN.
VLAN
Tag
removed
Tagged
Chapter 6 5
 Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing: Internally Routed to
 One router interface for all VLANs. the proper subnet.
VLAN
Tag
removed
Tagged
Chapter 6 6
 Layer 3 Switch Inter-VLAN Routing:
 Uses Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVI) to retag
the frame.
TagVLAN
removed
Tagged
(10)
Chapter 6 7
Interfaces and Subinterfaces
 Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:
 Traditional routing requires routers to have multiple
physical interfaces to facilitate inter-VLAN routing.
 Each interface is also configured with an IP address
for the subnet associated with the particular VLAN
that it is connected to.
 In this configuration, network devices can use the
router as a gateway to access the devices connected
to the other VLANs.
Chapter 6 8
Router tags
Router
Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing the frame
Responds
for VLAN 30
Routing table: And switches it
172.17.10.0 – F0/0 to Port F0/1.
172.17.30.0 – F0/1
Tagged
Tag
Removed
VLAN 10
Chapter 6 9
Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 6 10
 Traditional inter-VLAN
routing using physical
interfaces does have a
limitation.
 As the number of VLANs
increases on a network, the
physical approach of having one router interface per
VLAN quickly becomes hindered by the physical
hardware limitations of a router.
 Routers have a limited number of physical interfaces
that they can use to connect to different VLANs.
 It is very expensive to add an Ethernet Interface.
Chapter 6 11
 Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:
 Subinterfaces:
○ Overcomes the hardware limitation of a router.
○ Subinterfaces are software-based virtual interfaces that
are assigned to physical interfaces.
○ Each subinterface is configured with its own IP address,
subnet mask, and unique VLAN assignment.
○ Connected to a switch trunk link.
○ Functionally the same as using the traditional routing
model.
Chapter 6 12
Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Routing table:
172.17.10.0 – F0/0.10
172.17.30.0 – F0/0.30
Tagged
VLAN 30
Tagged
Tag
Tag
Removed
Removed
VLAN 3010
Chapter 6 13
 Configuring Subinterfaces:
○ Similar to configuring physical interfaces.
 Create the subinterface.
 Assign it to a VLAN.
 Assign an IP Address.
 Enable the interface.
Chapter 6 14
 Create the subinterface:
○ The syntax for the subinterface is always the physical
interface, followed by a period and a subinterface
number.
○ The subinterface number is configurable, but it is
typically associated to reflect the VLAN number.
R1(config)#interface [interface].nn
NOTE:
Chapter 6 15
 Assign it to a VLAN:
○ Before assigning an IP Address, the interface must to
be configured to operate on a specific VLAN using the
proper encapsulation.
R1(config-subif)#encapsulation
dot1q vlan-id
Chapter 6 16
 Assign an IP Address:
○ The IP Address assigned here will become the default
gateway for that VLAN.
R1(config-subif)#ip address
[address] [mask]
Chapter 6 17
 Enable the interface:
○ Subinterfaces are not enabled individually.
○ When the physical interface is enabled, all associated
subinterfaces are enabled.
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
Chapter 6 18
VLAN 10
VLAN 10
VLAN 30
Enable Interfaces
Chapter 6 19
Planning!
Chapter 6 20
 Router Interface and Subinterface Comparison:
Chapter 6 21
Inter-VLAN Routing
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
(Putting It All Together)
Chapter 6 22
Configuring Inter-VLAN
Routing
Chapter 6 23
Routing
Chapter 6 24
Routing
Chapter 6 25
Routing
VLANs
Trunk in
Trunk
Native VLAN
Interfaces
VLANs
Chapter 6 26
VLAN 10
VLAN 30
Enable All
Subinterfaces
Chapter 6 27
Inter-VLAN Routing
Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 6 28
Configuring
VLANInter-VLAN Routing
30 is working but VLAN 10
 cannot communicate
Switch Configuration Issues: with the
router or VLAN 30.
Interface F0/4 is still in

the default VLAN.
switchport access vlan 10
Chapter 6 29
Each of the configured
 Switch Configuration Issues:
subinterfaces is unable to
send or receive VLAN traffic.
Interface F0/5 is still in

the default VLAN.
switchport mode trunk
Chapter 6 30
PC1 cannot communicate with the
 Router Configuration Issues:
router interface and the router
cannot route to VLAN 30.
Switch port F0/4 is
for VLAN 10.
Switch port F0/9 is

Move the cable from F0/9 to F0/4.
assigned to the
default VLAN.
One of the most common

mistakes in Inter-VLAN routing.
Chapter 6 31
PC1 cannot communicateRouting
with the
router interface and the router
 Router Configuration Issues:
cannot route to VLAN 30.
Chapter 6 32
 IP Addressing Issues: PC1 cannot communicate.
Incorrect IP address for

subnet 172.16.10.0/24.
Incorrect
Incorrect IP
subnet
address
mask
forfor
subnet
subnet172.16.10.0/24.
172.16.10.0/24.
Chapter 6 33

Inter-VLAN Routing: Advanced Computer Networks

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Inter-VLAN Routing: Advanced Computer Networks

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Advanced Computer Networks

 To allow VLANs to communicate, we need a router to

Interface F0/4 is still in

switchport access vlan 10

Interface F0/5 is still in

switchport mode trunk

Switch port F0/9 is

One of the most common

Incorrect IP address for

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