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3X2DCV
2X2DCV
4X2DCV
4X3DCV
Directional Control Valves
• Used to direct the supply of oil to the
actuator in a hydraulic system.
• The valve body is drilled, honed and heat
treated. The inlet and outlet ports are
drilled and threaded.
• The valve spools are heat treated, ground
to size and polished, some chrome plated.
• The body and spool are then mated in
assembly.
• After assembly the spool is the only
moving part.
ISO Valve Actuator Symbols
5.3.1 Two-way Two Postion directional
control valves
P A A P A
(a) (b)
P
(c)
Figure 5-6 Two-way, two-position normally closed directional control valve.
(a) Valve in the normal position (b) Valve actuated (c) Complete graphic symbol
[64.1] 2/2-way valve (1)
• The 2/2-way valve has a
working port A, a supply
port P and a leakage-oil port
L. In the case of the valve
shown here, of slide design,
flow from P to A is closed in
the normal position.
• A relief line leading to the
leakage-oil port is provided
to prevent a build-up of
pressure in the spring and
piston chambers.
[64.2] 2/2-way valve (2)
• The 2/2-way valve is
actuated and the
passage from P to A is
open.
P A T A P A T
(a) (b)
PT
(c)
Figure 5-8 Three-way, two-position normally closed directional control valve.
(a) Valve in the normal position (b) Valve actuated (c) Complete graphic symbol
[69.1] 3/2-way valve, poppet principle
(1)
• The 3/2-way valve has
working port A, a supply
port P and a tank port T.
Volumetric flow can be
routed from the supply port
to the working port or from
the working port to the tank
port. The third port in each
case is closed. In the normal
position shown, P is closed
and flow released from A to
T.
[69.2] 3/2-way valve, poppet principle
(2)
• The 3/2-way valve is
actuated; flow is
released from P to A,
the outlet T is closed.
• 3/2-way valves which
are normally open from
P to A and T closed are
also available.
[71.1] 3/2-way valve, slide principle (1)
• The 3/2-way valve has a
working port A, a supply
port P and a tank port T. The
volumetric flow can be
routed from the supply port
to the working port, or from
the working port to the tank
port. The third port in each
case is closed. In the normal
position shown, P is closed
and flow is released from A
to T.
[71.2] 3/2-way valve, slide principle (2)
• The 3/2-way valve is
actuated; flow is
released from P to A,
and the outlet T is
closed.
• 3/2-way valves which
are normally closed
from P to A and T are
also available.
5.3.3 Four-way Tow Position directional
control valves
AB
B P A T B P A T
(a) (b)
PT
(c)
Figure 5-10 Four-way, two-position directional control valve.
(a) Valve in the normal position.(b) Valve actuated. (c) Complete graphic symbol.
[73.1] 4/2-way valve, two pistons (1)
• The 4/2-way valve has two
working ports A and B, a supply
port P and a tank port T. The
supply port is always connected
to one of the working ports, while
the second working port is routed
to the tank. In the normal
position, there is flow from P to B
and from A to T.
• In contrast to valves with three
pistons, 4/2-way valves with two
pistons do not require a leakage-
oil port (see topic 74).
[73.2] 4/2-way valve, two pistons (2)
• The 4/2-way valve is
actuated, and there is
flow from P to A and
from B to T.
• 4/2-way valves are also
available which are
normally open from P
to A and from B to T.
[74.1] 4/2-way valve, three pistons (1)
• This 4/2-way valve has two
working ports A and B, a supply
port P and a tank port T. The
supply port is always connected
to one of the working ports, while
the second working port is routed
to the tank. In the neutral
position, there is flow from P to B
and from A to T.
• 4/2-way valves with three pistons
require a leakage-oil port, since
hydraulic fluid would otherwise
be trapped within the valve.
[74.2] 4/2-way valve, three pistons (2)
• The 4/2-way valve is
actuated, and there is
flow from P to A and
from B to T.
[5a] Interaction of components
• The animations show the
sequences in a basic
hydraulic circuit in
simplified form - the
actuation and spring return
of the final control element
(4/2-way valve), the
advance and return of the
drive component (double
acting cylinder) and the
opening and closing of the
pressure relief valve.
[5.1a] Interaction of components
(Animation)
[5.2a] Interaction of components
(Animation)
[5.6a] Interaction of components
(Animation)
[5.7a] Interaction of components
(Animation)
[5.8a] Interaction of components
(Animation)
4-way, 3-position directional control valves
AB
P T A P B T
AB
AB
P T
P T A P B T
AB
P T A P B T
Application of 4-way, 3-position directional control valve
A B A B A B
P T P T P T
AB AB
P T P T P T
P T P T P T
P T P T P T