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The Rise of Pacific Cultures
Oceania
Australia
Wood Carving in Oceania
Polynesia
Art of New Zealand
Oceania
Hawaiian Art
Oceania
(continued)
Modern Oceanic Art
Oceania
Oceania > The Rise of Pacific Cultures
The Rise of Pacific Cultures

• The Rise of Pacific Cultures
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/the-rise-of-pacific-cultures-195/
Oceania > Australia
Australia
• Aboriginal Australian Art
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/australia-196/
Oceania > Wood Carving in Oceania
Wood Carving in Oceania

• New Guinean Wood Carvings
• Malagan Carvings
• Wood Carving in the Caroline Islands
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/wood-carving-in-oceania-197/
Oceania > Polynesia
Polynesia
• Crafts in the Cook Islands
• Stonework on Easter Island
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/polynesia-199/
Oceania > Art of New Zealand
Art of New Zealand

• Maori Art in New Zealand
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/art-of-new-zealand-927/
Oceania > Hawaiian Art
Hawaiian Art
• Pre-European Hawaiian Art
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/hawaiian-art-929/
Oceania > Modern Oceanic Art
Modern Oceanic Art

• Pacific Arts Festival
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/oceania-32/modern-oceanic-art-200/
Appendix
Oceania
Key terms
• aboriginal First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous.
• advent Coming; coming to; approach; arrival.
• adze A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.
• ahu A stone platform that carried the moai statues of the Rapa Nui people of Easter Island.
• archipelago A group of islands.
• boustrophedon Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.
• Captain James Cook A British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy who made detailed maps of
Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European
contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New
Zealand.
• Caroline minuscule A script developed as a calligraphic standard in Europe so that the Latin alphabet could be easily
recognized by the literate class from one region to another.
• funerary Of or relating to a ceremony honoring the deceased.
• headhunting The practice of taking and preserving a person's head after killing the person.
• highlands A mountainous or hilly section of a country.
• hula A form of chant and dance which was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Polynesians who originally settled there.
Oceania
• indigenous Born or engendered in, native to a land or region, especially before an intrusion.
• koru A spiral shape based on the shape of a new unfurling silver fern frond and symbolizing new life, growth, strength, and
peace; an integral symbol in Maori art, carving, and tattoos.
• Lapita A term applied to an ancient Pacific Ocean archaeological culture which is believed by many archaeologists to be the
common ancestor of several cultures in Polynesia, Micronesia, and some coastal areas of Melanesia.
• moai Monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people from rock on the Chilean Polynesian island of Easter Island
between the years 1250 and 1500.
• moai Monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people from rock on the Chilean Polynesian island of Easter Island
between the years 1250 and 1500 CE.
• Māori The indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand, originating with settlers from eastern Polynesia who arrived in New
Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages at some time between 1250 and 1300 CE.
• Oceania A geographical region composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia; it is
located between Asia, Antarctica, and the Americas.
• oceanic art The artistic traditions of the people indigenous to Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, including
Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
• tapa A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry; sometimes called also kapa.
Oceania
Map of Oceania
This map illustrates the nations of the Oceanic region.
Wikipedia. "Oceania." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oceania.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Malagan masks from the Ethnological Museum of Berlin

Masks were commonly used by dancers during the malagan ceremony to honor the spirits of the deceased.
Wikipedia. "330px-Malanggan-Masken_Berlin-Dahlem.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagan#/media/File:Malanggan-Masken_Berlin-Dahlem.jpg
View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Kulap carvings
Kulap figurines, made of chalk or limestone, are currently preserved in many museums in Berlin, New York, Australia, and Africa.
Wikipedia. "375px-Funerary_Figure_%28kulap%29.jpg." CC BY 2.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulap#/media/File:Funerary_Figure_(kulap).jpg View on
Boundless.com
Oceania
Malagan carvings, Papua New Guinea

Malagan wood carvings are created for use in malagan ceremonies.
Wikipedia. "Malagan carvings." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malagan_carvings.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Tatuana mask
The tatuana masks of New Ireland were traditionally used in malagan ceremonies.
Wikipedia. "Tatanua mask." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatanua_mask View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Weaving in the Cook Islands

Weaved hand fan with a carved figure handle.
Wikipedia. "British_Museum_-_Fan_with_carved_wooden_figure_handle_from_Rarotonga.jpg." Public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands_art#/media/File:British_Museum_-_Fan_with_carved_wooden_figure_handle_from_Rarotonga.jpg View on
Oceania
Nan Madol
Nan Madol is a ruined city adjacent to the eastern shore of the island of Pohnpei that was the capital of the Saudeleur Dynasty until about 1628.
Wikipedia. "1024px-Nan_Madol_5.jpg." CC BY 2.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan_Madol#/media/File:Nan_Madol_5.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Major culture areas of Oceania: Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Australia

The four cultural areas of Oceania are illustrated on this map, including the land masses of Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand and the numerous
Pacific Islands.
Wikipedia. "Pacific Culture Areas." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pacific_Culture_Areas.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Moai at Rano Raraku, Easter Island

Starting around 1100 CE, the people of Easter Island began construction of nearly 900 moai, or large stone statues.
Wikipedia. "Moai Rano raraku." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Aboriginal Rock Art, Ubirr Art Site, Kakadu National Park, Australia
Aboriginal art in Australia can be traced back at least 30,000 years.
Wikipedia. "Aboriginal Art Australia." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aboriginal_Art_Australia.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Papau New Guinean wooden sculpture

A Papua New Guinean wooden sculpture, Stanford University New Guinea sculpture garden.
Wikipedia. "IMG 2777–87 short." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IMG_2777%E2%80%9387_short.JPG View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Hand drum, Papau New Guinea

Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province, Eastern Iatmul People, circa 1909
Los Angeles County Museum of Art. "Page not found | LACMA Collections." License: Other
http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=hiersearch;dtype=i;id=502097 View on Boundless.com
Oceania
A bisj pole of the Asmat

Carved out of a single piece of a wild nutmeg tree, bisj pole carvings depict human figures standing on top of each other, as well as animal figures and
carvings in the shape of a canoe prow.
Wikipedia. "800px-Bisjpaal1.JPG." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisj_pole#/media/File:Bisjpaal1.JPG View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Dilukai from the Caroline Islands, Belau (Palau), 19th-early 20th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Dilukai are wooden figures of young women carved over the doorways of chiefs' houses (bai) to protect the villagers' health and crops and ward off evil
spirits.
Wikimedia. "Dilukai from the Caroline Islands, Belau (Palau), 19th-early 20th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art." Public domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dilukai_from_the_Caroline_Islands,_Belau_(Palau),_19th-early_20th_century,_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg View on
Oceania
Woman sewing a tivaevae, Rarotonga

Tivaevae - the art o handmade patchwork quilts - is not measured by monetary value nor production cost, but rather is valued for the love and patience
that the creator(s) have put into making a stunning work of art.
Wikipedia. "Woman sewing a tivaevae, Rarotonga." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_sewing_a_tivaevae,_Rarotonga.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Oceania
Cook Islands carved wood figure, British Museum

The Cook Islands were regarded for their fine wood carvings, many of which were taken or destroyed by European missionaries.
Wikipedia. "Cook Islands carved wood figure, British Museum." Public domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cook_Islands_carved_wood_figure,_British_Museum.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Easter Island and the islands near South America.

Easter Island is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle.
Wikipedia. "Easter island and south america." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Easter_island_and_south_america.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Ahu Tongariki near Rano Raraku

Ahu Tongariki is a 15-moai ahu that was excavated and restored in the 1990s.
Wikipedia. "AhuTongariki." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AhuTongariki.JPG View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Portrait of Hinepare of Ngāti Kahungunu by Gottfried Lindauer, showing chin moko, pounamu hei-tiki, and
woven cloak
This portrait shows traditional jewelry (known as hei-tiki), woven cloth, and chin moko, or tattooing.
Wikipedia. "Hinepare." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hinepare.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Māori carving
Late 20th century carved house post depicting the navigator Kupe. Although in an essentially traditional style, this carving was created using metal tools
and uses modern paints, creating a form distinct from that of pre-European times.
Wikipedia. "320px-KupeWheke.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_art#/media/File:KupeWheke.jpg View on Boundless.com
Oceania
Hawaiian kapa, 18th century

Kapa is a kind of bark cloth, or fabric made by Native Hawaiians from the bast fibers of certain species of trees and shrubs.
Wikipedia. "Hawaiian kapa, 18th century, Cook-Foster Collection at Georg-August University in Göttingen, Germany." Public domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hawaiian_kapa,_18th_century,_Cook-Foster_Collection_at_Georg-August_University_in_G%C3%B6ttingen,_Germany.jpg View on
Oceania
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "oceanic art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oceanic%20art
• Wikipedia. "Oceanic art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_art
• Wikipedia. "Caroline Islands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Islands
• Wikipedia. "Nan Madol." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan_Madol
• Wikipedia. "Caroline minuscule." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_minuscule
• Wiktionary. "archipelago." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/archipelago
• Wikipedia. "Dilukai." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilukai
• Wikipedia. "Asmat People." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmat_people
• Wikipedia. "Mathias Kauage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Kauage
• Wikipedia. "Culture of Papua New Guinea." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea
• Wikipedia. "Bisj pole." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisj_pole
• Wikipedia. "Papua New Guinean art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//art-history/definition/highlands
• Wikipedia. "Pacific Arts Festival." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Arts_Festival
• Wiktionary. "Oceania." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Oceania
Oceania
• Wikipedia. "Indigenous Australian art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art

• Wikipedia. "Art of australia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_australia
• Wikipedia. "Dreamtime." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamtime
• Wiktionary. "indigenous." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indigenous
• Wiktionary. "aboriginal." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aboriginal
• Wiktionary. "advent." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/advent
• Wikipedia. "Captain James Cook." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20James%20Cook
• Wikipedia. "Hawaii." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii%23Culture
• Wikipedia. "Hawaiian art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_art
• Wikipedia. "Kapa." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa
• Wiktionary. "diurnal." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diurnal
• Wikipedia. "Volcano School." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano_School
• Wiktionary. "hula." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hula
• Wikipedia. "Maori." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori
• Wikipedia. "New zealand." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_zealand%23Culture
• Wikipedia. "New Zealand art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_art
• Wikipedia. "koru." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/koru
• Wikipedia. "Easter island." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_island
Oceania
• Wiktionary. "ahu." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahu

• Wiktionary. "boustrophedon." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boustrophedon
• Wikipedia. "moai." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/moai
• Wikipedia. "History of the Pacific Islands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Pacific_Islands
• Wikipedia. "Marquesas Islands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Islands
• Wikipedia. "Marquesan culture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesan_culture
• Wiktionary. "adze." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adze
• Wikipedia. "Cook Islands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islands
• Wiktionary. "tapa." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tapa
• Wikipedia. "Kulap." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulap
• Wikipedia. "Malagan." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagan
• Wikipedia. "Tatanua mask." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatanua_mask
• Wiktionary. "funerary." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/funerary
• Wikipedia. "Lapita." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapita
• Wikipedia. "moai." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/moai

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Wood Carving in Oceania

Art of New Zealand

The Rise of Pacific Cultures

Wood Carving in Oceania

Art of New Zealand

Modern Oceanic Art

Malagan masks from the Ethnological Museum of Berlin

Malagan carvings, Papua New Guinea

Weaving in the Cook Islands

Major culture areas of Oceania: Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Australia

Moai at Rano Raraku, Easter Island

Papau New Guinean wooden sculpture

Hand drum, Papau New Guinea

A bisj pole of the Asmat

Woman sewing a tivaevae, Rarotonga

Cook Islands carved wood figure, British Museum

Easter Island and the islands near South America.

Ahu Tongariki near Rano Raraku

Hawaiian kapa, 18th century

• Wikipedia. "Indigenous Australian art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art

• Wiktionary. "ahu." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahu

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