Pontioso, Estherlina Jr Nacalaban, Everly Socialization • Refers to how an infant develops into a functioning social being and emerges with a personality
• It refers to the process of becoming a full
member of the society Functions of Socialization 1. Transmits values, customs and belief from one generation to another.
2. Enables the individual to grow and develop into
a socially functioning person.
3. It is a means of social control by which
members are encourage to conform to the ways of the group by internalizing the group’s norms and values Types of Socialization 1. Deliberate or Conscious – When persons are explicitly and directly taught the norms and values, the social expectations and obligations of the group.
2. Non-deliberate or Unplanned - when
individuals learn the norms and values by themselves from observations in the various groups they come in contact with. Gender and Socialization Gender Socialization – The process of learning the social expectations and attributes associated with one’s sex. – The tendency for boys and girls to be socialized differently Gendering – the process of child’s learning of his/her gender identity Agents of Socialization • Family • Religion • Education • Mass Media • Peer Socialization Mechanisms in the Family Child Rearing Processes 1. Manipulation – the process of handling boys and girls differently even as infants. Boys = tossed up in the air Girls = handled like delicate porcelains Boys = Visual stimulation Girls = Verbal Stimulation 2. Canalization – exposing children to gender appropriate object (eg. Toys) Socialization Mechanisms in the Family Child Rearing Processes 3. Activity Exposure – exposing children to gender appropriated tasks or activities Boys = mechanical Girls = household chores 4. Verbal Appellation – the process of telling what they are and what is expected of them Ex. Boys don’t cry Boys don’t hit girls Brave Boys Pretty/Beautiful girl Religion as an Agent of Socialization
• Most organized religion teach gender
subordination
• The bible has been attributed to men, translated
by men, and taught by men for over 2000 years; this male bias is used to perpetuate the subordination of women. • To justify female subordination: Genesis 1:27 “So God created man in his own, image, in the image of God created He him: male and female created He them.” Genesis 2:18 “And the Lord God said, It is not good that man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him” (St. Clement) Genesis 2:22 “And the rib, which the Lord God had taken form man, made He a woman, and brought her unto the man” (St.) Ambrose) Genesis 2:23 “And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of • Letters of St. Paul in the 1st Century “The head of the woman is the man.. For man is the image and glory of God” “I suffer not a woman to teach nor usurp authority over the man, but be in silence..” • St. Augustine “The woman herself is not the image of God”
• St. Thomas Aquinas “ As regards the individual
nature, woman is defective and misbegotten, for the active force in the male seed tends to the production of perfect likeness in the masculine sex; while the production of woman comes from a defect in the active force. • St. Clement of Alexandria in his book Paedagogus that in women “The consciousness of their own nature must evoke feelings of shame” • Tertullian (African Father of the Church) Called women “the devil’s gateway.” Do you not realize that Eve is you? The curse God Pronounced on your sex weighs still the world. Guilty you must bear its hardships. You are the devil’s gateway, you desecrated that fatal tree, you first betrayed the law of God, you who softens up with your cajoling words the man against whom the devil could not prevail by force. The image of God, the man Adam, you broke him it was child’s play to you. You deserved death, and it was the son of God who had to die! On the Contrary • Genesis 1:27 “So God created man in his own, image, in the image of God created He him: male and female created He them.” • 1 Corinthians 7:4 The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife. • Proverbs 31:10 Who can find a virtuous woman? For her price is far above rubies. On the Contrary Ephesians 5:22 “Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord”
Ephesians 5:25 “Husband, love your wives, even as
Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it. Genesis 1:27 “So God created man in his own, image, in the image of God created He him: male and female created He them.”
Genesis 1:27 “So God created man in his own,
image, in the image of God created He him: male and female created He them.”
Proverbs12:4 a) A virtuous woman is a crown to her
husband
Proverbs 31:10 Who can find a virtuous woman? For
her price is far above rubies. God used Woman for a purpose: • Esther (Queen of Persia) • Ruth (loving Daughter-in-law) • Deborah (Helped the soldiers) • Hannah ( Mother of Samuel) • Unnamed Women (Who helped Elijah) • Lydia (Worshipper) • Mary (Conceived Jesus)
Aims and Aids for Girls and Young Women
On the Various Duties of Life, Physical, Intellectual, And
Moral Development; Self-Culture, Improvement, Dress, Beauty,
Fashion, Employment, Education, The Home Relations, Their
Duties To Young Men, Marriage, Womanhood And Happiness.
(AAR Teaching Religious Studies) Linda L. Barnes - Inés M. Talamantez - Teaching Religion and Healing (2006, Oxford University Press, Incorporated) - Libgen - Li