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PEENING
Presented by:
DILIP.S
S7 ME
INTRODUCTION
Cavitation normally causes severe damage in hydraulic
machinery, Such as pumps, hydro turbines, and valves.
However, impact as cavitation bubbles collapse can be
utilized to peen the surface of metallic materials in order to
improve the fatigue strength as is commonly done with
shot peening. Peening by means of cavitation impact can
peen the surface without the use of shot. Hence, it is a kind
of shotless peening, and can be called ‘‘cavitation shotless
peening.’’ The great advantage of cavitation shotless
peening is that the peened surface is less rough compared
with shot peening, since there are no solid body collisions
involved. This means that the remarkable effects of
peening can also be produced in soft metals.
PRINCIPLE
Cavitation is a phase change phenomenon, which
means the water vaporizes due to a decrease in
pressure by increasing the flow velocity. longitudinal
cavitation, which consists of tiny longitudinal
cavitation bubbles, as shown in Figure 1, causes
severe cavitation impact (Soyama et al. 1994). This
means that longitudinal cavitation can be useful for
cavitation impact applications.
CAVITATING JET APPARATUS
WORKING
Tap water was installed in a header tank and it was pressurized by a plunger pump.
The maximum capacity of the pump was 5 x 10 -4 m3/min and 35 MPa. The water
was injected into a water filled test section through a nozzle and returned to the
header tank through a filter. The nozzle was cylindrical, with a throat diameter ‘d’
of 2 mm and a throat length ‘l’ of 6 mm. The standoff distance ‘s’ is defined as the
length from the upstream corner of the nozzle throat to the surface of the test
specimen. The upstream and downstream pressures were measured by pressure
transducers. The test specimen was exposed to the cavitating jet for cavitation
shotless peening. The specimen was set perpendicularly to the jet axis and could be
moved across the jet at various scanning speeds n. The specimen could also be
rotated with a pitch of 2 mm, so that the specimen moves 2 mm with each complete
rotation as shown in Fig. 2. The exposure time t to the cavitating jet is defined as
the exposure time per unit length from the scanning speed v as follows:
t = n/v ……. (1)
where n is the number of scans.
SCANNING OF SPECIMEN BY CAVITATING JET
TYPES OF CAVITATING JETS:
Normal water jet
Cavitating jet in air
Cavitating jet in water
NORMAL WATER JET