WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY:
TAJORA, A.
BONOTE, M.
LAVIÑA, H.C.
EWAY, E.
REBUTA, K.
NAPOLES, R.
WATER RESOURCES

• are natural resources of water that are

potentially useful.
Types Of Water Resources
• Saltwater Resources - is abundant in
the surface of the planet. However,
saltwater is currently not particularly
useful when it comes to potable water
supplies.
• Groundwater Resources - is the most
plentiful of all freshwater resources. As
water percolates into the ground through
layers of soil, clay, and rock, some of it
adheres to the topmost layers to provide
water to plants.
• Surface water Resources - is the water
that exists in streams and lakes. This
water is primarily used for potable water
supply, recreation, irrigation, industry,
livestock, transportation and hydroelectric
energy. Over 63 percent of the public
water supply is withdrawn from surface
water. Irrigation gets 58 percent of its
water supply from surface water. Industry
gets almost 98 percent of its water from
surface water systems.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
• a specialty of civil engineering that focuses
on water supplies, irrigation and waste
disposal, it also relates to the task of
supplying water that’s fit for human use,
and developing efficient methods of
avoiding damage from floods (excess
water).
The applications of water resources
engineering include:
• Design of various hydraulic structures such
as breakwaters and dams, sewage conduit.
• Management of waterways-flood and erosion
protection.
• Environmental management - this includes
prediction of mixing and the transport of
different types of pollutants in surface water.
• Hydroelectric-power development.
• Irrigation, water supply and navigation- in
which water is utilized for beneficial
purposes.
Different aspects that water
resources engineering is used:
• Water resource engineering is used not
only to design modern water management
systems, but oversee the construction &
maintenance of these installations and
systems as well. A rising population and
the constant need for more water
necessitate the use of this branch of
engineering for aspects such as:
 Flood forecasting, flood management
 Reservoir operation
 Dam break analysis
 River ecology
 River management, navigation
 Sediment transport &river morphology
 Basin-wide water resource planning
 River water quality, point load and non-point
assessments
 Conjunctive use of surface water and
groundwater
 Wetlands
 Watershed management
 Soil &groundwater contamination
What is a water resources engineer?
• A water resource engineer develops new
systems and equipment for all levels of
water resource management facilities. The
systems designed by these engineers
ensure that the public is provided with a
constant supply of uncontaminated and
clean water for living, drinking as well as
recreational purposes.
• Water resources engineers work in
government organizations or private
consulting firms that are involved in
projects for supplying water to urban and
rural areas, or dealing with the hazards of
water contamination. They also work in
organizations that are involved in work
related to hydrology and with various
governmental entities at the municipal,
state as well as national level.
Duties that a water resources
engineer performs
• A civil engineer plays a crucial role in the
optimal design and planning as well as the
operation of modern water resource
systems. This field involves in-office as
well as on-site work at the construction
sites and water resource engineers may
also work in industrial settings when
supervising the maintenance activities on
advanced equipment.
• A water resource engineer may have to
deal with various aspects and tasks in this
field and the duties that a water resources
engineer performs can include:
Water treatment facilities
Natural springs
Underground wells
Support land development projects
Generate master plans
Optimize water distribution system
operations
Storm water and wastewater systems
Design plans and systems that
intelligently and safely deliver clean
water
Make reliable renewal decisions
Accurately model water system
operations
Deliver high-quality design solutions
with minimal capital investments
Reduce emergency response time
WATER CONTROL
• A water control structure means a
permanent structure placed in a farm
canal, ditch, or subsurface drainage
conduit (drain tile or tube), which
provides control of the stage or discharge
of surface and/or subsurface drainage.
The primary purpose of the water control
structure is to improve water quality by
elevating the water table and reducing
drainage outflow.
WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES:

• Flumes
• Dikes
• Dams
• Spillway
• Floodgates
• Weir
Flumes
• are water control
structures, usually
constructed of steel,
aluminum, or
concrete, which are
installed in a dike to
convey water, control
the direction of flow,
or maintain a required
water surface
elevation.
Dikes
• are embankments
constructed of earth or
other suitable materials
to protect land against
overflow or to regulate
or contain water. Dikes
are also used to
impound water for the
preservation of water
quality, limiting the
discharge of sediments
and segregating waters.
Dams
• are often used to
control and stabilize
water flow, often for
agricultural purposes
and irrigation.
Spillway
• is a structure used to
provide the controlled
release of flows from
a dam or levee into a
downstream area,
typically the riverbed of
the dammed river itself.

There are two main types

of spillways:
1. Controlled
2. Uncontrolled
Floodgates
• also called stop gates, are
adjustable gates used to
control water flow in flood
barriers, reservoir, river, st
ream, or levee systems.
They may be designed to
set spillway crest heights
in dams, to adjust flow
rates in sluices and canals,
or they may be designed to
stop water flow entirely as
part of a levee or storm
surge system.
Weir
• basically an
obstruction in the flow
path in an open
channel. Weirs are
commonly used to
control the flow rates
of rivers during periods
of high discharge.
Uses of water:
• Agricultural
▫ It is estimated that 70% of worldwide water is
used for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation
withdrawals being unsustainable. It takes
around 2,000 - 3,000 liters of water to
produce enough food to satisfy one person's
daily dietary need. This is a considerable
amount, when compared to that required for
drinking, which is between two and five liters.
To produce food for the now over 7 billion
people who inhabit the planet today requires
the water that would fill a canal ten meters
deep, 100 meters wide and 2100 kilometers
long.
• Industrial
▫ It is estimated that 22% of worldwide
water is used in industry. Major
industrial users include hydroelectric
dams, thermoelectric power plants,
which use water for cooling, ore and oil
refineries, which use water in chemical
processes, and manufacturing plants,
which use water as a solvent. Water
withdrawal can be very high for certain
industries, but consumption is generally
much lower than that of agriculture.
Domestic

• Domestic
▫ It is estimated that 8% of worldwide
water use is for domestic purposes.
These include drinking water, bathing,
cooking, toilet flushing, cleaning,
laundry and gardening. Basic domestic
water requirements have been estimated
by Peter Gleick at around 50 liters per
person per day, excluding water for
gardens. Drinking water is water that is
of sufficiently high quality so that it can
be consumed or used without risk of
immediate or long term harm. Such
water is commonly called potable water.
• Recreation
▫ Recreational water use is usually a very
small but growing percentage of total
water use. Recreational water use is
mostly tied to reservoirs. If a reservoir is
kept fuller than it would otherwise be for
recreation, then the water retained could
be categorized as recreational usage.
Release of water from a few reservoirs is
also timed to enhance whitewater
boating, which also could be considered
a recreational usage.
• Environmental
▫ Explicit environment water use is also a very small
but growing percentage of total water use.
Environmental water may include water stored in
impoundments and released for environmental
purposes (held environmental water), but more
often is water retained in waterways through
regulatory limits of abstraction.
▫ Environmental water usage includes watering of
natural or artificial wetlands, artificial lakes
intended to create wildlife habitat, fish ladders,
and water releases from reservoirs timed to help
fish spawn, or to restore more natural flow
regimes.
Engineering that implies effective
use of water
• Diverse technologies are available for making
effective use of water. Among those which can be
recalled easily are “Water purification
technology” for producing drinking water as well
as industrial water, “Water Supply technology”
for pumping clean treated water at appropriate
pressure, “Leakage Detection and Prevention
technology” for maintaining the town water
supply over long distance as well as “Effluent
Treatment Technology” “Recycle Technology”
applicable for the industrial wastewater, “Sewage
Treatment technology” for treatment of domestic
household sewage.
THANK YOU!!